58. Doris Bradshaw to Hope Lovell, 1 April 1950, BNARS, MSS.6/5.
59. Alan Bradshaw to Hope Lovell, 1 April 1950, ibid.
60. Baring to CRO, 15 March 1950, TNA:PRO, CO 537/5928.
61. Clark to Baxter, 3 July 1950, TNA:PRO, DO, 35/4124.
62. Reported in Thompson to Baring, 15 April 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1293.
12 COVER-UP
1. Ebony, June 1951.
2. The Committee comprised representatives from the African League, the East African Students Union, the British African Institute of Culture, the Gold Coast Union, the Sierra Leone Study Group, the Caribbean Labour Congress, the Coordinating Council for Colonial Student Affairs, the Council for Overseas Indians, the Sudan Association, the League of Coloured Peoples, the Coloured Workers Association and the West Indian Students Union. List from South Africa House, 22 March 1950, NASA, BLO PS 2/5A.
3. Howat, Learie Constantine, p. 151.
4. Adi, West Africans in Britain, p. 129.
5. ibid., p. 158; List from South Africa House, 22 March 1950, NASA, BLO PS 2/5A.
6. The Times, 10 March 1950.
7. The Times, 13 March 1950.
8. Constantine, Colour Bar, p. 185.
9. The Times, 20 March 1950.
10. Mulumba, Secretary-General African League, to ‘Friends’ [March 1950], TNA:PRO, CO 537/5926.
11. Note of meeting between Griffiths, Gordon Walker and Seretse Khama Fighting Committee, 17 March 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4125.
12. US Attaché Tibbetts to US Department of State, 20 March 1950, NARA, RG 59, Decimal File, Box 4897.
13. Minute in Colonial Office, initials unclear, 9 March 1950, TNA:PRO, CO 323/1912/10.
14. Record of conversation between Secretary of State and Krishna Menon, 15 March 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4120.
15. The Times, 13 March 1950.
16. Reuters, 28 March 1950, NASA, BLO PS 2/5A.
17. Resolution of the West Indian Political Forum, 13 March 1950, ibid.
18. Joseph D. Sweeney to Secretary of State, March 1950, Truman Library, Sweeney Papers, Box 2, File: Bamangwato Tribal Dispute.
19. Baring to Liesching, 27 May 1950, NASA, PM, vol. 1/4/21, 1/15.
20. Williams to Gordon Walker, 28 March 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4125.
21. Horne, Black and Red, p. 184.
22. L. Finnegan to Williams, n.d., TNA:PRO, DO 35/4125.
23. Copied from Sillery to Baring, 16 March 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1290.
24. Mahabane to Attlee, n.d. [March 1950]; Naicker to Attlee, 11 March 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1301.
25. State Information Office, Cape Town, Political Survey, 13 March 1950, NASA, BLO PS 2/5A.
26. Walter Carey to The Times, 11 March 1950.
27. Neilson to Attlee, n.d. [March 1950], TNA:PRO, DO 119/1301.
28. HC to CRO, 28 April 1950, TNA:PRO, CO 537/5926; UK Information Office to CRO, 29 April 1950, TNA:PRO, CO 323/1912/10.
29. Paver to Baring, 6 April 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1292; Paver to Baring, 24 April 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1293.
30. The Times, 9 March 1950.
31. Tibbetts to US Department of State, 20 March 1950, NARA, RG 59, Decimal File, Box 4897.
32. H. G. Apsimon et al. to The Times, 13 March 1950.
33. Diary entry for 2 April 1950, Patrick Gordon Walker. Political Diaries 1932–1971, p. 189.
34. Egeland to Malan, 13 March 1950, NASA, BLO 84, PS 2/5.
35. ibid.
36. Diary entry for 18 April 1950, in Pottle (ed.), Daring to Hope. The Diaries and Letters of Violet Bonham Carter, p. 88.
37. Churchill to Smuts, 15 March 1950, CHUR 02/101.
38. Smuts to Churchill, 16 March 1950, ibid.
39. Smuts to Churchill, 16 March 1950, ibid.
40. Diary entry for 2 April 1950, Patrick Gordon Walker. Political Diaries 1932–1971, pp. 188–9.
41. The Times, 16 March 1950.
42. Isobel Cripps to Gordon Walker, 13 March 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 121/57.
43. Gordon Walker to Isobel Cripps, 14 March 1950, ibid.
44. Baring to Gordon Walker, 15 March 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1290.
45. Cabinet Meeting (1950) 11th, Conclusions, TNA:PRO, CO 537/5928.
46. Appiah, Joe Appiah, p. 182.
47. Note of meeting between Griffiths, Gordon Walker and Seretse Khama Fighting Committee, 17 March 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4125.
48. Baring to Gordon Walker, 20 March 1950, TNA:PRO, CO, 537/5928.
49. CRO, ‘Bechuanaland Protectorate. Succession to the Chieftainship of the Bamangwato Tribe’, March 1950, HMSO, Cmd. 7193.
50. Circular from CRO, 22 March 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4120.
51. Annan to Gordon Walker, 30 March 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4125.
52. Archbishop of Canterbury to Attlee, 21 April 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4217.
53. Tibbetts to US Department of State, 29 March 1950, NARA, RG 59, Decimal File, Box 4897.
54. Akinola Maja, Chairman, and Mbonu Ojike, Secretary, to Colonial Secretary, 11 April 1950, TNA:PRO, CO 847/45/3.
55. Acting General Secretary, United Gold Coast Convention, to Secretary of State, 3 May 1950, ibid.
56. Harewood to Blackburne, 25 March 1950, TNA:PRO, CO 323/1912/10.
57. Huggins to Secretary of State for the Colonies, 1 April 1950, TNA:PRO, CO 847/45/3.
58. Oliver Franks to Ernest Bevin, 28 April 1950, ibid.
59. Council on African Affairs to Trygve Lie, 27 May 1950, NASA, BVV 98/82.
60. Seretse Khama to The Times, 24 March 1950.
61. Report of the House of Assembly, Cape Town, 24 March 1950.
62. Minute by Liesching, 25 March 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1291.
63. Gordon Walker to Attlee, 28 March 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4115.
64. Egeland to Malan, 24 March 1950, NASA, BLO 84, PS 2/5.
65. CRO to HCO, 25 March 1950, TNA:PRO, PREM 8/1308 Part 1.
66. Egeland to Malan, 28 March 1950, NASA, PM, vol. 1/4/21, 1/15.
67. Gordon Walker to Attlee, 28 March 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4115.
68. Egeland to Malan, 28 March 1950, NASA, PM, vol. 1/4/21, 1/15.
69. Hansard, 28 March 1950.
70. Diary entry 2 April 1950, Patrick Gordon Walker. Political Diaries 1932–1971, p.189.
71. Hansard, 28 March 1950.
72. Quoted in Jackson, Rebels and Whips, p. 90.
73. Egeland to Forsyth, 28 March 1950, NASA, PM, vol. 1/4/21, 1/15.
74. Egeland to Malan, 30 March 1950, NASA, BLO 84, PS 2/5.
13 IN AFRICA, BUT KEPT APART
1. The Times, 29 March 1950.
2. Movietone newsreel, ‘Seretse Khama Back in Bechuanaland’, 10 April 1949.
3. HCO to CRO, 3 April 1950, TNA:PRO, DO, 35/4120.
4. Daily Graphic, 1 April 1950.
5. Photograph in Cape Argus, 1 April 1950.
6. Daily Graphic, 1 April 1950.
7. Movietone newsreel, ‘Seretse Khama Back in Bechuanaland’, 10 April 1949.
8. HCO to CRO, 3 April 1950, TNA:PRO, DO, 35/4120.
9. Monks, Eyewitness, p. 283.
10. Baring to CRO, 3 April 1950, TNA:PRO, CO, 537/5928.
11. Reported in Dutfield, A Marriage of Inconvenience, p. 190.
12. Baring to Resident Commissioner, 3 April 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1292.
13. MacKenzie to Nettelton, 17 April 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1293.
14. Monsarrat to Clark, 19 April 1950, ibid.
15. Monsarrat to Clark, 17 April 1950, ibid.
16. HCO to CRO, 13 April 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4120.
17. Haile to Orchard, 17 April 1950, SOAS, LMS, AF/37.
18. Baring to Gordon Walker, 31 March 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1291.
19. Sillery to Baring, 14 March 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1290.
20. Fairlie, No Time Like the Past, p. 145.
21. Moikangoa to Seretse, 10 April 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1293.
22. Clark to Baring, 13 April 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1292.
23. Gibson to Baxter, 12 April 1950
, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4120.
24. HCO to CRO, 2 May 1950, TNA:PRO, CO 537/5926.
25. Report by Freedman, 20 April 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1293.
26. Nettelton to Clark, 22 April 1950, ibid.
27. HCO to CRO, 12 April, 1950, TNA:PRO, PREM 8/1308, Part 1.
28. HCO to CRO, 14 April 1950, ibid.
29. Baring to CRO, 15 April 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4121.
30. Fenner Brockway to Hope Lovell, 24 April 1950, BNARS, MSS.6/5.
31. Today, 12 March 1960.
32. Sunday Express, 2 April 1950.
33. HCO to CRO, 13 April, 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4120.
34. Nettelton to Baring, 1 April 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1292.
35. Ebony, June 1951.
36. HCO to CRO, 2 May 1950, TNA:PRO, CO 537/5926.
37. The Times, 17 April 1950.
38. Monsarrat, Life is a Four-Letter Word. Vol. II, Breaking Out, pp. 274–5.
39. Ebony, June 1951.
40. The Times, 17 April 1950.
41. Resident Commissioner, Mafikeng, to High Commissioner, Cape Town, 8 April 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1292.
42. HCO to CRO, 2 May 1950, TNA:PRO, CO 537/5926.
43. ibid.
44. Tlou and Campbell, History of Botswana, p.307.
45. The Times, 17 April 1950.
46. Today, 12 March 1960.
47. Monsarrat to MacKenzie, 19 April 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1293.
48. HCO to CRO, 2 May 1950, TNA:PRO, CO 537/5926.
49. Today, 12 March 1960.
50. HCO to CRO, 2 May 1950, TNA:PRO, CO 537/5926.
51. Monsarrat to Clark, 19 April 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1293.
52. Fairlie, No Time Like the Past, pp. 147–8.
53. Daily Mail, 3 October 1956.
54. Dutfield, A Marriage of Inconvenience, p. 200.
55. Today, 12 March 1960.
56. Dutfield, A Marriage of Inconvenience, p. 201.
57. Life, 12 June 1950.
58. Naledi Khama to author, 13 November 2004.
59. Minute by Clark, 11 January 1949, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1279.
60. Life, 12 June 1950.
61. Monks, Eyewitness, pp.284, 279.
14 TOGETHER IN LOBATSE
1. Today, 12 March 1960.
2. Monks, Eyewitness, p. 284.
3. Baring to Gordon Walker, 24 July 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1296.
4. Report to DC at Lobatse by Mr H. Palphramand, 24 July 1950, signed R. B. M. Sullivan [24 July 1950], ibid.
5. Sullivan to Ellenberger, 24 July 1950, ibid.
6. Quoted in Benson, Tshekedi Khama, p. 204.
7. Press cutting, July 1950 (no further information given), Truman Library, Sweeney Papers, Box 5.
8. HCO to CRO, 21 June 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4121.
9. Quoted in Benson, Tshekedi Khama, p. 203.
10. See ibid, p. 203 ff.
11. Resident Commissioner to Clark, 21 June 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1295.
12. HCO to CRO, 21 June 1950, ibid.
13. MacKenzie to Nettleton, 10 July 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1296.
14. Minute by Liesching, 19 July 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4121; Hansard 20 July 1950.
15. Fraenkel and Gerricke to Ellenberger, 21 June 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1295.
16. Meeting at Mahalapye between Fraenkel and Elders, 3 June 1950, ibid.
17. Meeting at Shoshong between Fraenkel and Elders, 3 June 1950, ibid.
18. Diary entry for 2 April 1950, Patrick Gordon Walker. Political Diaries 1932–1971, pp. 188–9.
19. Baring to Gordon Walker, 22 June 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1295.
20. Gordon Walker to Baring, 19 May 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4121.
21. Note of meeting, 19 June 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 121/57.
22. Resident Commissioner to Clark, 21 June 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1295.
23. ‘Results of leaving Seretse in the Protectorate but outside the Reserve’, n.d. [1950], TNA:PRO, DO 119/1294.
24. ‘Memorandum by Sir Evelyn Baring (June 1950). IV – Mrs Khama’, TNA:PRO, DO 121/59.
25. Attlee, As It Happened, p. 178.
26. Brook to Prime Minister, 28 June 1950, TNA:PRO, PREM 8/1308, Part 1.
27. Hartley Shawcross to Kenneth Roberts-Wray, 23 June 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1296.
28. Minutes by Baxter, Liesching and Gordon Walker, 29 June 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4121.
15 INTO EXILE
1. Copy of Savingram telephoned at 9.50 a.m. on 29 July 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1296.
2. Births and Deaths Registration Proclamation for Jacqueline Khama, 15 July 1950, ibid.
3. Ellenberger to Dashwood, 24 July 1950, ibid.
4. Chief Secretary, Pretoria, to Government Secretary, Mafikeng, 27 July 1950, ibid.
5. Forwarded from Baring to Gordon Walker, 29 July 1950, ibid.
6. Sillery, ‘Working Backwards’, n.d., BLCAS, Mss Afr r 207.
7. Clark to Liesching, 3 August 1950, TNA:PRO, PREM 8/1308 Part 1.
8. Report by Clark to CRO, 3 August 1950, TNA:PRO, CO 537/5926.
9. Clark to Liesching, 3 August 1950, TNA:PRO, PREM 8/1308 Part 1.
10. Monks, Eyewitness, p. 284.
11. MacKenzie to Ellenberger, 3 August 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1297.
12. Baring to Huggins, 21 July 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1296.
13. Baring to Lady Baring, 20 August 1950, quoted in Douglas-Home, Evelyn Baring, p. 193; HCO to CRO, 24 August 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4122.
14. Seretse Khama and Tshekedi Khama, ‘Aide-Memoire’, Lobatse, 16 August 1950, KIII, TKP 52.
15. Ebony, June 1951.
16. Seretse and Tshekedi to Baring, 16 August 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1297.
17. Fairlie to Nettelton, 14 July 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1296.
18. Seretse and Tshekedi to Baring, 16 August 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1297.
19. Report by Clark to CRO, 19 August 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4132.
20. Johannesburg, Star, 18 August 1950.
21. Rand Daily Mail, 16 August 1950.
22. Report by Clark to CRO, 19 August 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4132.
23. ibid.
24. Tshekedi Khama and Seretse Khama to Sir Evelyn Baring, 16 August 1950, KIII, TKP 52.
25. Press cutting, 17 August 1950 (title of source excised), Sweeney Papers, Truman Library.
26. Rand Daily Mail, 18 August 1950.
27. ibid.
28. Report by Clark to CRO, 19 August 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4132.
29. ibid.
30. Baring to Gordon Walker, 24 August 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1297.
31. Seretse Khama, Farewell speech, 17 August 1950, KIII, TKP 52.
32. Rhodesia Herald, 17 August 1950.
33. Report by Clark to CRO, 19 August 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4132.
34. Rand Daily Mail, 18 August 1950.
35. Report by Clark to CRO, 19 August 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4132.
36. HCO to CRO, 9 August 1950, TNA:PRO, CO 537/5926.
37. Report by Clark to CRO, 19 August 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4132.
38. Photograph and report, Rand Daily Mail, 18 August 1950.
39. Monks, Eyewitness, p. 284.
40. ibid., p. 283.
41. Photograph in Rand Daily Mail, 18 August 1950.
42. Press cutting, 17 August 1950 (title of source excised), Truman Library, Sweeney Papers, Box 5.
43. Johannesburg Star, 18 August 1950.
44. Press cutting, 17 August 1950 (title of source excised), Truman Library, Sweeney Papers, Box 5.
45. Rand Daily Mail, 18 August 1950.
46. Monsarrat, Life is a Four-Letter Word, vol. II, Breaking Out, pp. 276–7.
47. ibid., pp. 277–8.
48. Baring to Lady Baring, 20 August 1950, quoted in Douglas-Home, Evelyn Baring, p. 193.
49. MacKenzie to Ellenberger, 21 August 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1298.
50. Message from meeting of headmen conveyed by Mr Fraenkel, n.d. [August 1950], ibid.
16 LIVING IN LONDON
1. Pathe newsreel, ‘People in the News’, 24 Aug
ust 1950.
2. Movietone newsreel, ‘Seretse Here’, 24 August 1950.
3. Robins, White Queen in Africa, p. 54.
4. Naledi Khama to author, 13 November 2004.
5. Baxter to Gwatkin, 4 September 1950, TNA:PRO, DO 119/1298.
6. C. D. Heriot, Report on The Baker’s Daughter, 17 August 1950, TNA: PRO, DO 119/1298.
7. Muriel Sanderson to author, 17 November 2004.
8. Tibbetts to State Department, Washington, 2 October 1950, NARA, RG 59, Decimal Files [1950–54], Box 3571.
9. Today, 12 March 1960.
10. Naledi Khama to author, 13 November 2004.
11. Commentary in Phillips and Phillips, Windrush, pp. 100–103.
12. Pathe newsreel, ‘Farewell dance for West Indies XI’, 28 September 1950.
13. ‘Note of a visit to Mr and Mrs Khama on 14th November 1950’, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4131.
14. Norton to Scott, 27 November 1950, BLCAS, Anti-Slavery Society Papers, File 12.
15. Baxter to Syers, Liesching, Ogmore, 8 February 1951, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4131.
16. ‘Note of a visit to Mr and Mrs Khama on 14th November 1950’, ibid.
17. Muriel Sanderson to author, 17 November 2004.
18. ‘Note of a visit to Mr and Mrs Khama on 14th November 1950’, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4131.
19. Muriel Sanderson to author, 10 November 2004.
20. ‘Note of a visit to Mr and Mrs Khama on 14th November 1950’, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4131.
21. Note by Gordon Walker, 16 November 1950, ibid.
22. Stonehouse, Prohibited Immigrant, pp. 25–6.
23. Freud, Freud Ego, pp. 95–6.
24. Clement Freud to author, 30 June 2005 and 4 July 2005.
25. Lee, My Life with Nye, p. 167.
26. Foot, Aneurin Bevan, p. 414.
27. Movietone newsreel, ‘Seretse Khama’s Xmas Party’, December 1951.
28. John and Esme Goode to author, 29 March 2004.
29. Brockway, Towards Tomorrow, p. 162.
30. Clark to Baxter, 9 February 1951, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4131.
31. Lewis, ‘Note of a meeting with Seretse and Ruth Khama on 31st January 1951’, 2 February 1951, TNA:PRO, DO 35/4131.
32. Clark to Baxter, 9 February 1951, ibid.
33. Freud, Freud Ego, p. 101.
34. Fawcus and Tilbury, Botswana, p. 56.
35. Bankole, Kwame Nkrumah from Cradle to Grave, p. 104.
36. Naledi Khama to author, 18 June 2003.
37. Daily Mail, 3 October 1956.
Colour Bar Page 41
