85. Arthur W. Tedder, With Prejudice: The War Memoirs of Marshal of the Royal Air Force, Lord Tedder (London: Cassell, 1966), p. 567.
86. Message (M65) to General Dwight D. Eisenhower, July 22, 1944, in Montgomery and the Battle of Normandy, p. 231.
87. Chalfont, Montgomery, p. 245.
88. Buckley, Monty's Men, p. 111.
89. Brooke, War Diaries, p. 575.
90. Diary notes, July 21, 1944, in Montgomery and the Battle of Normandy, pp. 230–31; Weidner, Eisenhower and Montgomery, p. 289.
91. William Weidner, Eisenhower and Montgomery at the Falaise Gap (New York: Xlibris, 2010), p. 289; Raymond Callahan, Churchill and His Generals (Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press, 2007), p. 218.
92. Brooke, War Diaries, p. 575.
93. DeFelice, Bradley, pp. 217–18; Jordan, Brothers, p. 335.
94. Beevor, D-Day, p. 256; Blumenson, Generals, pp. 120–21.
95. Quoted in Hastings, Overlord, p. 252.
96. Martin Blumenson, Breakout and Pursuit, p. 206.
97. Ibid., 207.
98. Alan Axelrod, Patton's Drive (Guilford, CT: Lyons Press, 2009), pp. 36–37; Hastings, Overlord, p. 252; DeFelice, Bradley, pp. 227–28; Denise Goolsby, “Battalion's Aim: Keep the Enemy Distracted,” Desert Sun, June 6, 2010, p. 69.
99. Herbert Essame, Patton: A Study in Command (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1974), p. 138;D'Este, Normandy, p. 307; Axelrod, Patton, pp. 14–18.
100. Editor Blumenson in Patton Papers, p. 441.
101. Quoted in Crosswell, Beetle, p. 605.
102. Quoted in Bradley, Soldier's Story, p. 187; Ladislas Farago, Patton: Ordeal and Triumph (New York: Dell, 1963), pp. 416–23.
103. Diary, July 12, in Patton Papers, p. 480.
104. Ibid.
105. Diary, June 8, in Patton Papers, p. 465.
106. Diary, July 2, in Patton Papers, pp. 470–71.
107. Diary, July 14, in Patton Papers, p. 482.
108. Farago, Patton, p. 429.
109. Ibid., pp. 425–29.
110. Bradley, Soldier's Story, p. 266.
111. Farago, Patton, p. 440.
112. Quoted in Ibid., p. 332.
113. Diary, July 14, in Patton Papers, p. 481.
CHAPTER 9: PATTON UNLEASHED
1. Diary, July 29, 1944, in Patton Papers 1940–1945, ed. Martin Blumenson (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo, 1974), p. 491.
2. Forrest C. Pogue, The Supreme Command (Washington, DC: Office of the Chief of Military History, 1954), p. 192; Robert A. Miller, August 1944, The Campaign for France (Novato, CA: Presidio, 1996), pp. 8–9.
3. Jonathan W. Jordan, Brothers, Rivals, Victors (New York: Caliber, 2011), p. 351; Alan Axelrod, Patton's Drive (Guilford, CT: Lyons, 2009), p. 38; Carlo D'Este, Decision in Normandy (Old Saybrook, CT: Konecky & Konecky, 1994), pp. 343–50.
4. D'Este, Normandy, pp. 339, 341; Jordan, Brothers, p. 357; Martin Blumenson, The Battle of the Generals (New York: William Morrow, 1993), pp. 134–35.
5. Blumenson, Generals, pp. 137–38.
6. Herbert Essame, Patton: A Study in Command (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1974), p. 140.
7. Blumenson, Generals, pp. 136–38; Essame, Patton, pp. 140, 144; D'Este, Normandy, p. 401; Max Hastings, Overlord, D-Day and the Battle for Normandy (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984), p. 254; Horace Edward Henderson, The Greatest Blunders of World War II (New York: Writer's Showcase, 2001), p. 375.
8. Quoted in D'Este, Normandy, p. 402.
9. Quoted in Ronald J. Drez, “Their Road Will Be Long and Hard,” in D-Day, ed. Jane Penrose (Oxford: Osprey, 2010), pp. 220–21.
10. Quoted in Antony Beevor, D-Day: The Battle for Normandy (New York: Penguin Books, 2009), p. 349.
11. Quoted in Blumenson, Generals, p. 139; Richard Rohmer, Patton's Gap (Don Mills, Ontario: General Publishing, 1981), p. 151; B.H. Liddell Hart, Strategy (New York: Praeger, 1967), p. 316.
12. Beevor, D-Day, p. 349; Chester Wilmot and Daniel Christopher McDevitt, The Struggle for Europe (Hertfordshire, UK: Wordsworth Editions, 1997), p. 393; William Weidner, Eisenhower and Montgomery at the Falaise Gap (New York: Xlibris, 2010), p. 31.
13. Jordan, Brothers, p. 361; Hastings, Overlord, p. 255; D'Este, Normandy, p. 403.
14. Quoted in Paul Carrell, Invasion! They’re Coming! (New York: Bantam, 1964), p. 262.
15. Ibid.
16. Beevor, D-Day, p. 349; D'Este, Normandy, p. 404; Blumenson, Generals, p. 144.
17. Beevor, D-Day, pp. 350–51; Ladislas Farago, Patton: Ordeal and Triumph (New York: Dell, 1963), pp. 446–52; Blumenson, Generals, p. 145.
18. Hastings, Overlord, p. 271; Beevor, D-Day, p. 357; Jim DeFelice, Omar Bradley (Washington, DC: Regnery, 2011), pp. 226–27; D'Este, Normandy, p. 406.
19. Quoted in Blumenson, Generals, p. 145; Beevor, D-Day, p. 357.
20. Hastings, Overlord, pp. 227–78; Beevor, D-Day, pp. 354, 359, 362.
21. Quoted in Beevor, D-Day, p. 353.
22. Quoted in Martin Blumenson, Breakout and Pursuit (Washington, DC: Office of the Chief of History, Department of the Army, 1961), p. 323; Beevor, D-Day, pp. 370–71.
23. Message (63324) from the Prime Minister to Montgomery, July 26, 1944, in Stephen Brooks, ed., Montgomery and the Battle of Normandy (Stroud, UK: History Press, 2008), p. 243.
24. Message from the Prime Minister to Montgomery, July 27, 1944, in Montgomery and the Battle of Normandy, p. 245.
25. Message to Prime Minister, copy to Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke, July 27, 1944, in Montgomery and the Battle of Normandy, p. 245.
26. Montgomery's Directive (M515) to Lieutenant-General O.N. Bradley, First US Army, Lieutenant-General Sir Miles Dempsey, Second British Army, Lieutenant-General G. Patton, Third US Army, and Lieutenant-General H.D.G Crerar, First Canadian Army, July 27, 1944, in Montgomery and the Battle of Normandy, p. 248.
27. Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke to Montgomery, July 28, 1944, in Montgomery and the Battle of Normandy, p. 254.
28. Message to Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke, July 28, 1944, in Montgomery and the Battle of Normandy, p. 255.
29. Alun Chalfont, Montgomery of Alamein (New York: Athenaeum, 1976), pp. 245–46; Beevor, D-Day, pp. 366–71, 390; Hastings, Overlord, p. 265; Blumenson, Generals, pp. 147–48.
30. Montgomery to Sir James Grigg, August 2, 1944, in Montgomery and the Battle of Normandy, p. 262.
31. Omar Bradley, A Soldier's Story (New York: Modern Library, 1999), p. 355.
32. Quoted in Farago, Patton, pp. 448–49; Blumenson, Generals, pp. 145–46.
33. Diary, July 29, 1944, in Patton Papers, pp. 490–91.
34. Poem, July 1944, in Patton Papers, p. 492; Farago, Patton, p. 453.
35. Essame, Patton, pp. 141, 146, 152; Blumenson, Generals, pp. 146, 155; Henderson, Blunders, p. 376.
36. Quoted in Farago, Patton, p. 472.
37. Ibid., pp. 462–63.
38. Elizabeth Letts, The Perfect Horse (New York: Ballantine Books, 2016), pp. 136–37.
39. Essame, Patton, pp. 141–44; Dennis Showalter, Patton and Rommel (New York: Berkley Caliber, 2005), p. 367; Farago, Patton, p. 492–93; Axelrod, Patton's Drive, pp. 58–59; Blumenson, Breakout and Pursuit, p. 349.
40. Quoted in Essame, Patton, p. 143.
41. Patton to Kenyon Joyce, August 6, 1944, in Patton Papers, p. 502.
42. Yeide, Fighting Patton, p. 236.
43. Nigel Hamilton, Master of the Battlefield Monty's War Years, 1942–1944 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), p. 773.
44. Farago, Patton, pp. 478–82; D'Este, Normandy, pp. 409–10; Essame, Patton, p. 141.
45. Axelrod, Patton's Drive, pp. 70–71; Farago, Patton, p. 478; Showalter, Patton and Rommel, p. 366; Essame, Patton, pp. 149–50; John Keegan, Six Armies in Normandy (New York: Penguin Books, 1994), p. 237; Blumenson, Generals, p. 149; Charles R. Codman, Drive (Boston: Little, Brown, 1957), pp. 158–59. Colonel Codman was Patton's ADC.
46. Essame, Patton, p. 150.
47. Quoted in
Essame, Patton, pp. 151–52.
48. Blumenson, Generals, p. 164; Essame, Patton, p. 153; Hastings, Overlord, p. 281; Farago, Patton, p. 498.
49. Diary, August 4, 1944, in Patton Papers, p. 499; Essame, Patton, pp. 153–54; Farago, Patton, p. 514.
50. Quoted in Beevor, D-Day, p. 379.
51. Beevor, D-Day, p. 401; Essame, Patton, pp. 157–58; Diary, August 7, 1944, in Patton Papers, p. 503.
52. Quoted in Carrell, Invasion, p. 274.
53. Quoted in D'Este, Normandy, p. 415.
54. Keegan, Six Armies, p. 245.
55. Quoted in D'Este, Normandy, p. 415.
56. Carrell, Invasion, p. 279; Hastings, Overlord, pp. 285–86; Essame, Patton, pp. 160–61; Henderson, Blunders, pp. 376–77.
57. Quoted in Liddell Hart, The Other Side of the Hill (London: Pan Books, 1948), p. 421.
58. Showalter, Patton and Rommel, p. 367; Peter Caddick-Adams, Monty and Rommel (New York: Overlook, 2011), p. 430.
CHAPTER 10: FALAISE FOLLIES
1. George S. Patton, diary, August 16, 1944, in The Patton Papers 1940–1945, ed. Martin Blumenson (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo, 1974), pp. 508–509.
2. F.W. Winterbotham, The Ultra Secret (New York: Harper and Row, 1974), pp. 155–58.
3. Jonathan W. Jordan, Brothers, Rivals, Victors (New York: Caliber, 2011), p. 363.
4. Quoted in D.K.R. Crosswell, Beetle: The Life of General Walter Bedell Smith (Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky Press, 2010), p. 679.
5. John Keegan, Six Armies in Normandy (New York: Penguin Books, 1994), pp. 249–56.
6. Quoted in William Mortimer-Moore, Paris ’44: The City of Light Redeemed (Philadelphia: Casemate, 2015), p. 142.
7. Patton, Letter to Beatrice, August 8, 1944, in Patton Papers, p. 504; Ladislas Farago, Patton: Ordeal and Triumph (New York: Dell, 1963), pp. 515, 526.
8. Herbert Essame, Patton: A Study in Command (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1974), p. 163; Antony Beevor, D-Day: The Battle for Normandy (New York: Penguin Books, 2009), p. 433; Richard Rohmer, Patton's Gap (Don Mills, Ontario: General Publishing, 1981), p. 179.
9. Quoted in Martin Blumenson, The Battle of the Generals (New York: William Morrow, 1993), p. 190; Rohmer, Patton's Gap, p. 183; Chester Wilmot and Daniel Christopher McDevitt, The Struggle for Europe (Hertfordshire, UK: Wordsworth Editions, 1997), p. 415.
10. Patton, letter, August 8, 1944, in Patton Papers, p. 504; William Weidner, Eisenhower and Montgomery at the Falaise Gap (New York: Xlibris, 2010), pp. 55–56; Harry Yeide, Fighting Patton (New York: Zenith, 2011), p. 258; Beevor, D-Day, p. 434.
11. Letter to George Marshall, August 9, 1944, in Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., ed., The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower, vol. 4 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1970), p. 1889; Harry C. Butcher, My Three Years with Eisenhower (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1948), p. 636.
12. Quoted in Blimenson, Generals, p. 191.
13. Quoted in Farago, Patton, p. 540.
14. John Buckley, Monty's Men (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2013), pp. 169–72; Weidner, Eisenhower and Montgomery, pp. 60–61; Beevor, D-Day, pp. 422–30.
15. Montgomery, Message (M85) to Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke, in Stephen Brooks, ed., Montgomery and the Battle of Normandy (Stroud, UK: History Press, 2008), p. 285.
16. Wilmot, Struggle for Europe, p. 414.
17. Montgomery, Message (M86) to Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke, in Montgomery and the Battle of Normandy, p. 287; Montgomery, diary, August 16, 1944, in Montgomery and the Battle of Normandy, p. 304; Beevor, D-Day, pp. 454–55.
18. Montgomery, Directive (M518) to 12 US Army Group, First Canadian Army and Second British Army, in Montgomery and the Battle of Normandy, p. 288.
19. Montgomery, diary and papers, in Montgomery and the Battle of Normandy, pp. 268, 273, 289, 297, 300; Blumenson, Generals, p. 217.
20. Letter from Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke to Montgomery, August 13, 1944, in Montgomery and the Battle of Normandy, p. 294.
21. Beevor, D-Day, p. 43; Essame, Patton, p. 165; Weidner, Eisenhower and Montgomery, pp. 58–59; Keegan, Normandy, p. 253; Robert A. Miller, August 1944, The Campaign for France (Novato, CA: Presidio, 1996), pp. 103, 105, 109–10.
22. Patton, diary, August 13, 1944, in Patton Papers, p. 508.
23. Farago, Patton, pp. 537–38; Blumenson, Generals, pp. 205–206.
24. Omar N. Bradley, A General's Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1983), p. 298; Farago, Patton, p. 539.
25. Patton, diary, August 16, 1944, in Patton Papers, p. 508; Farrago, Patton, pp. 539–40.
26. Quoted in Farago, Patton, p. 534.
27. Patton, diary, August 13, 1944, in Patton Papers, p. 508.
28. Omar N. Bradley, A Soldier's Story (New York: Modern Library, 1999), p. 378.
29. Niall Barr, Eisenhower's Armies (New York: Pegasus Books, 2015), p. 392.
30. Weidner, Eisenhower and Montgomery, p. 305; Jordan, Brothers, p. 375.
31. Carlo D'Este, Decision in Normandy (Old Saybrook, CT: Konecky & Konecky, 1994), p. 451.
32. Blumenson, Generals, p. 207.
33. Richard Lamb, Montgomery in Europe 1943–1945: Success or Failure? (New York: Franklin Watts, 1984), p. 171; Weidner, Eisenhower and Montgomery, p. 167.
34. Quoted in Blumenson, Generals, p. 214.
35. Chester B. Hansen, diary, August 14, 1944, Chester B. Hansen Collection, Folder 12, US Army Military History Institute, Carlisle, Pennsylvania.
36. Field Marshal Bernard Law Montgomery, interview by Chester Wilmot, May 18, 1946, Liddell Hart Papers, Kings College, London.
37. Keegan, Normandy, p. 260.
38. Bradley, Soldier's Story, p. 376.
39. Wilmot, Struggle for Europe, p. 419; Nigel Hamilton, Master of the Battlefield (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), p. 785; Max Hastings, Overlord, D-Day and the Battle for Normandy (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984), p. 314.
40. Essame, Patton, p. 167; Keegan, Normandy, p. 256.
41. Miller, August 1944, p. 112; Keegan, Normandy, pp. 256, 261; Weidner, Eisenhower and Montgomery, pp. 97, 165, 170–71, 340; Farago, Patton, pp. 538–39.
42. Rohmer, Patton's Gap, pp. 194–96.
43. Bradley, Soldier's Story, p. 377.
44. Essame, Patton, pp. 169–70; D'Este, Normandy, pp. 443–44.
45. Hastings, Overlord, p. 290; Patton, diary, August 14, 1944, in Patton Papers, p. 510.
46. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe (New York: Avon, 1968), pp. 296–97.
47. Weidner, Eisenhower and Montgomery, pp. 327–47.
48. Ibid., p. 345; Blumenson, Generals, p. 217; Miller, August 1944, pp. 119–21.
49. Montgomery, letter to Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke in Montgomery and the Battle of Normandy, p. 298.
50. Martin Blumenson, Breakout and Pursuit (Washington, DC: Office of the Chief of History, Department of the Army, 1961), p. 547.
51. Wilmot, Struggle for Europe, pp. 422, 423; Beevor, D-Day, pp. 467, 468, 472, 475; D'Este, Normandy, pp. 456, 458; Blumenson, Breakout and Pursuit, pp. 541, 545, 546, 553, 554; Miller, August 1944, p. 155.
52. Quoted in Keegan, Normandy, p. 257.
53. Blumenson, Breakout and Pursuit, p. 516.
54. Keegan, Normandy, p. 257; Blumenson, Breakout and Pursuit, pp. 517–18.
55. Wilmot, Struggle for Europe, p. 420; Keegan, Normandy, p. 257; Miller, August 1944, p. 131.
56. Quoted in Beevor, D-Day, p. 459.
57. Blumenson, Breakout and Pursuit, pp. 519–21; Keegan, Normandy, p. 257; Miller, August 1944, p. 131; Beevor, D-Day, pp. 444–45.
58. Quoted in Blumenson, Breakout and Pursuit, p. 522.
59. McKee, Last Round against Rommel (New York: Signet Books, 1966), p. 316.
60. Miller, August 1944, pp. 133–35; Beevor, D-Day, p. 464.
61. Keegan, Normandy, p. 259; Wilmot, Struggle for Europe, p. 421.
62. Quoted in Miller, August 1944, pp. 149–50.
63. Carrell, Invasion, p. 292; Liddell Hart, Th
e Other Side of the Hill (London: Pan Books, 1948), p. 417.
64. Carrell, Invasion, p. 292; Blumenson, Breakout, pp. 528–31.
65. Beevor, D-Day, p 466.
66. Keegan, Normandy, p. 325.
67. Beevor, D-Day, pp. 476–77.
68. Rohmer, Patton's Gap, p. 213; Charles Perry Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in Northwest Europe 1944–1945, vol. 3, Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War (Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1960), pp. 271–72.
69. Keegan, Normandy, p. 285; Rohmer, Patton's Gap, p. 214; D'Este, Normandy, p. 438; Beevor, D-Day, p. 478; Hastings, Overlord, p. 314; Blumenson, Generals, p. 259; McKee, Rommel, p. 328; Paul Carrell, Invasion! They’re Coming! (New York: Bantam, 1964), p. 301.
70. Russell F. Weigley, Eisenhower's Lieutenants: The Campaign in France and Germany, 1944–1945 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1981), pp. 214–15; Miller, August 1944, pp. 168, 176; Weidner, Eisenhower and Montgomery, pp. 142–43.
71. Hastings, Overlord, pp. 315–17.
72. Blumenson, Generals, p. 263.
73. Eisenhower, Eisenhower at War, p. 409; Correlli Barnett, Engage the Enemy More Closely: The Royal Navy in the Second World War (New York: W.W. Norton, 1991), p. 843; Keegan, Normandy, p. 283.
74. Alistair Horne, Monty: The Lonely Leader (New York: Harper Collins, 1994), pp. 250–51; Stacey, Victory Campaign, pp. 270–71; Hastings, Overlord, p. 313.
75. Quoted in Beevor, D-Day, p. 478.
76. Montgomery, diary notes, August 18–20, 1944, in Montgomery and the Battle of Normandy, p. 310.
77. Nigel Hamilton, Master of the Battlefield (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), p. 786.
78. Quoted in Horace Edward Henderson, The Greatest Blunders of World War II (New York: Writer's Showcase, 2001), p. 379.
79. Henderson, Greatest Blunders, p. 378.
80. Weidner, Eisenhower and Montgomery, p. 143.
81. Lamb, Montgomery in Europe, p. 177.
82. Bradley, General's Life, p. 301.
83. Stacey, Victory Campaign, p. 276.
84. Quoted in Stacey, Victory Campaign, p. 276.
85. Quoted in Eddy Florentin, The Battle of the Falaise Gap (New York: Hawthorn Books, 1967), p. 331; Miller, August 1944, p. 176.
86. Patton, diary, August 13, 1944, in Patton Papers, p. 511.
87. Hamilton, Montgomery, p. 83; Crosswell, Beetle, p. 680; William B. Breuer, Feuding Allies (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996), p. 233.
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