* Wolpert, L. (1991), The triumph of the embryo. Oxford University Press, Oxford
PSYCHOANALYSIS
Farrell, B. A. (1981), The standing of psychoanalysis. Oxford University Press, Oxford
* Grünbaum, A. (1984), The foundations of psychoanalysis. University of California Press, Berkeley
Grünbaum, A. (1986), ‘Précis of the foundations of psychoanalysis’. Behav. & Brain Science, 9, 21 [includes commentary by others]
Hobson, A. (1988), ‘Psychoanalytic dream theory: a critique based upon modern neurophysiology.’ In Mind, psychoanalysis and science, P. Clark and C. Wright (eds.), pp. 277–308. Blackwell, Oxford
Rycroft, C. (1981), The innocence of dreams. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Warrington, E. K. and McCarthy, R. A. (1987), ‘Categories of knowledge: further fractionations and an attempted integration.’ Brain, 110, 1273–96
PARANORMAL
Gardner, M. (1983), Science: good, bad and bogus. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Gauquelin, M. (1983), The truth about astrology. Hutchinson, London
Inglis, B. (1985), The paranormal: an encylopedia of psychic phenomena. Granada, London
* Klotz, I. M. (1980), ‘The N-ray affair’. Scientific American, May, 122
Skrabanek, P. (1986), ‘Demarcation of the absurd.’ Lancet, 1, 960–61
Stent, G. (1972), ‘Prematurity and uniqueness in scientific discovery.’ Scientific American, December, 84–93
RELIGION
Berry, R. J. (1986) ‘What to believe about miracles.’ Nature, 322, 321–2
Brooke, J. H. (1991), Science and religion: some historical perspectives. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Cantor, G. (1991), Michael Faraday: Sandemanian and scientist. Macmillan, London
Houghton, J. (1988), Does God play dice? Inter-Varsity Press
* Kitcher, P. (1982), Abusing science. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. [analysis of creationism]
* Kolakowski, L. (1982), Religion. Fontana, London
Martin, D. (1967), A sociology of English religion. SCM Press, London
Polkinghorne, J. (1986), One world. SPCK, London
Withnow, R. (1985), ‘Science and the sacred.’ In The sacred in a secular age, P. E. Hammond (ed.), pp. 187–203. University of California Press, Berkeley
8: Moral and Immoral Science
Elliot, G. (1912) Twentieth-century book of the dead. Scribner, New York
Glover, J. (1984), What sort of people should there be? Penguin, Middlesex
* Kevles, D. J. (1985), In the name of eugenics. University of California Press, Berkeley
Kitcher, P. (1985), Vaulting ambition. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass, [an analysis of sociobiology]
Lancet (1989), ‘Gene Therapy.’ 1, 193–4
Müller-Hill, B. (1988), Murderous science. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Rawls, J. (1972), A theory of justice. Oxford University Press, Oxford
* Rhodes, R. (1986), The making of the atomic bomb. Simon & Schuster, New York
Weart, S. R. and Szilard, G. W. (1978), Leo Szilard: his version of the facts. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
9: Science and the Public
Asimov, J. (1983), ‘Popularizing science.’ Nature, 306, 119
Berlin, I. (1968), Four essays on liberty. Oxford University Press, Oxford
CIBA Foundation (1987), Communicating science to the public. Wiley, London
Durant, J. (1990), ‘Copernicus and Conan Doyle: or why we should care about the public understanding of science.’ Sci. Publ. Affairs, 5, 7–22
Durant, J. R., Evans, G. A. and Thomas, G. P. (1989). ‘The public understanding of science.’ Nature, 340, 11
Fitzpatrick, R., Hinton, J., Newman, S., Scambler, G. and Thompson, J. (eds.) (1984), The experience of illness. Tavistock, London
Gillick, M. R. (1985), ‘Common-sense models of health and disease.’ New England J. Med., 313, 700–703
Havel, V. (1987), Living in the truth.
Faber, London Heillbroner, R. (1991) ‘Reflections. Economic predictions.’ New Yorker, 8 July, 70–7
May, R. M. (1983), ‘Preference and paradox.’ Nature 303, 16–17
Trilling, L. (1973), Mind in the modern world. Viking, New York
Index
Africa, 1, 2
ageing, 1
Alberts, Bruce, 1
Anaximander, 1, 2
Aquinas, Thomas, 1, 2
Archimedes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Aristarchus, 1
Aristotle: on the earth and the universe, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
on embryology, 1, 2, 3, 4
on motion, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
scientific thinking, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
on vacuums, 1
arts, the, 1, 2, 3
astrology, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
astronomy, 1, 2, 3
atomic bomb, 1, 2, 3, 4
atoms and subatoms, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Australian aborigines, 1
Averroës, 1, 2, 3
Azande, 1
Babylonians, 1, 2, 3, 4
Bacon, Francis, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Basalla, George, 1, 2
Becquerel, Henri, 1, 2
Benvaniste, Jacques, 1
Bernard, Claude, 1
biology 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; see also molecular biology
Blondlot, René, 1
Bonet, Charles, 1
Boyle, Robert, 1
Brenner, Sydney, 1, 2
Breuer, Josef, 1
Buffon, Georges, Comte de, 1
Burkitt, Denis, 1
burning objects, 1
calculus, 1
Charles II, 1
chemistry, 1
children: gifted, 1
science education for, 1
way of thinking, 1, 2, 3
China, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Christianity, 1, 2, 3
clocks, 1 pendulum, 1, 2
common-sense thinking, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
computers and computer programs, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
continental drift, 1, 2, 3
Copernicus, 1, 2, 3, 4
cosmology, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Crick, Francis, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
Darwin, Charles, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
Davenport, Charles, 1, 2
Davy, Humphry, 1
Descartes, 1, 2
Djerassi, Carl, 1
DNA, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 transposition of, 1
Durkheim, Emile, 1
earth: age of, 1, 2
movement of, 1, 2, 3
Eccles, John, 1
Eddington, Arthur, 1, 2
Egypt, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ehrenhaft, J., 1–7
Einstein, Albert, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and the atomic bomb, 1, 2, 3
his creativity and genius, 1, 2, 3
predicted that light bends, 1
and religion, 1
theory of relativity, 1, 2, 3
electricity, 1, 2, 3
electromagnetism, 1
electronics, transistor, 1
electrons, 1, 2, 3, 4
embryology, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Epstein, Anthony, 1
Euclid, 1, 2, 3, 4
eugenics, 1, 2, 3, 4
Evans Pritchard, 1
evolution, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Fabricius, 1
falsification, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
Faraday, Michael, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Fermi, Enrico, 1
Feyerabend, Paul, 1
Feynman, Richard, 1, 2
Fleming, Alexander, 1, 2
fraud, 1, 2, 3
Freud, Sigmund, 1, 2, 3
Galileo, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Gall, Dr Franz, 1
Galton, Francis, 1
genetic engineering, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
genetics 1, 2; see also DNA; eugenics; genetic engineering; RNA
geology 1, 2, 3; see a
lso continental drift
geometry, 1, 2, 3, 4
Gilbert, Wally, 1, 2
Goodyear, Charles, 1
Greece, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Haldane, J. B. S., 1, 2, 3
Haller, Albrecht von, 1, 2
Harvey, William, 1, 2
Havel, Vaclav, 1, 2, 3
Hertz, Heinrich, 1
Hippocrates, 1
Hume, David, 1, 2, 3, 4
Huxley, Thomas Henry, 1, 2
immunology, 1, 2
Islam, 1, 2
Jacob, François, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Kelly, George, 1
Kelvin, Lord, 1, 2, 3
Kepler, Johannes, 1, 2, 3
Kuhn, Thomas, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Lamarck, 1
Langmuir, Irving, 1, 2
Leibniz, Gottfried, 1, 2
Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 1, 2, 3
light, bending of, 1, 2
Lodge, Oliver, 1, 2
luck, see serendipity
Lyell, Charles, 1
McClintock, Barbara, 1
magic, see religion, myth and magic
Malebranche, Nicolas, 1, 2
mathematics, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
Maxwell, James Clerk, 1
Medawar, Peter, 1, 2, 3
medicine, 1, 2, 3, 4 causes of illness, 1
clinical trials, 1, 2
gene therapy, 1
holistic, 1
homeopathic, 1
tumours caused by viruses, 1
Mendel, Gregor Johann, 1, 2, 3
Merton, Robert K., 1
Millikan, Robert A., 1, 2
molecular biology 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11; see also DNA; RNA
motion, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
navigation, 1, 2, 3
neutral current, 1
Newton, Isaac, 1, 2, 3 calculus, 1
his creativity and genius, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
law of gravity, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
laws of motion, 1, 2, 3, 4
religious beliefs, 1
on white light, 1
N-rays, 1
Ohm’s law, 1
Ortega hypothesis, 1, 2, 3
paranormal phenomena, 1, 2, 3
Pasteur, Louis, 1
pendulum, see clocks
Philoponus, 1, 2
phlogiston theory, 1, 2
phrenology, 1
physics, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 high-energy, 1
and relativism, 1
and SSK, 1
Piaget, Jean, 1, 2, 3
Pickering, Andrew, 1
Planck, Max, 1, 2, 3, 4
planetary motion, 1, 2, 3, 4
Poincaré, Henri, 1, 2, 3, 4
polywater, 1
Popper, Karl, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
probabilities, 1, 2, 3, 4
psychoanalysis, 1, 2, 3, 4
Ptashne, Mark, 1
Ptolemy, 1, 2
quantum mechanics, 1, 2, 3
quarks, 1
Quine, Willard, 1
radioactivity, 1, 2, 3, 4
relativism, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
religion, myth and magic, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 African, 1, 2
Chinese, 1
Greek, 1, 2, 3, 4;
see also Christianity; Islam
representativeness, 1
RNA, 1, 2
Rorty, Richard, 1
rubber vulcanization, 1
Rutherford, Lord, 1, 2
St Augustine, 1, 2
Salam, Abdus, 1
science education, 1
scientific literature, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
serendipity, 1, 2
Simon, Herbert, 1, 2
Skinner, B. F., 1, 2
sociobiology, 1, 2, 3
Spurzheim, Johann, 1
SSK (sociology of scientific knowledge), 1, 2, 3
steam engine, 1
Steven, Simon, 1
Strong Programme, 1, 2
Swammerdam, Jan, 1
Szilard, Leo, 1, 2
technology, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Thales of Miletos, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
vitalism, 1
Watson, James, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Weber, Max, 1, 2
Wegener, Alfred, 1, 2
Weinberg, Steven, 1
wheel, the, 1, 2
white light, 1
Wolf, Hieronymous, 1
Wolff, Caspar Friedrich, 1
X-rays, 1, 2
Zeeman, Christopher, 1
About the Author
Lewis Wolpert is a distinguished developmental biologist, and is Emeritus Professor in Cell and Developmental Biology at University College, London. He is the author of, among others, The Unnatural Nature of Science and Malignant Sadness, which was described by Anthony Storr as ‘the most objective short account of all the various approaches to depression’. His most recent book, You’re Looking Very Well: The Surprising Nature of Getting Old, was published in 2011.
Copyright
First published in 1992
by Faber & Faber Limited
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This ebook edition first published in 2014
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© Lewis Wolpert, 1992
The right of Lewis Wolpert to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with Section 77 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
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ISBN 978–0–571–31738–7
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