Maylunas, Andrei, and Sergei Mironenko. A Lifelong Passion: Nicholas & Alexandra: Their Own Story. New York: Doubleday, 1997.
Mosolov, A. A. At the Court of the Last Tsar. London: Methuen, 1935.
Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia. Journal Intime. Translated by A. Pierre. Paris: Payot, 1925.
——. The Letters of the Tsar to the Tsaritsa, 1914–1916. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1929.
——and Dowager Empress of Russia Marie Feodorovna. The Secret Letters of the Last Tsar: The Confidential Correspondence Between Nicholas II and His Mother, Dowager Empress Marie Feodorovna. Edited by Edward J. Bing. New York: Longmans, Green, 1938.
Paléologue, Maurice. An Ambassador’s Memoirs. 3 volumes. Translated by F. Appleby Holt. New York: Doran, 1925.
Palmer, Svetlana, and Sarah Wallis, editors. Intimate Voices from the First World War. New York: William Morrow, 2003.
Paustovsky, Konstantin. The Story of a Life. Translated by Joseph Barnes. New York: Pantheon, 1964.
Poole, Ernest. The Village: Russian Impressions. New York: Macmillan, 1918.
Purishkevich, Vladimir. The Murder of Rasputin. Translated by Bella Costello. Ann Arbor, MI: Ardis, 1985.
Rasputin, Maria. My Father. London: Cassell, 1934.
Rasputin, Maria, and Patte Barham. Rasputin: The Man Behind the Myth. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1977.
Reed, John. Ten Days That Shook the World. New York: Boni and Liveright, 1922.
Rodzianko, M. V. The Reign of Rasputin. London: Philpot, 1927.
Shulgin, V. V. Days of the Russian Revolution: Memoirs from the Right, 1905–1917. Translation of Dni by Bruce F. Adams. Gulf Breeze, FL: Academic International Press, 1990.
Skipworth, Sofka [Princess Sophy Dolgorouky]. Sofka: The Autobiography of a Princess. London: Hart-Davis, 1968.
Spiridovitch, Alexander. “Murder of Prime Minister Stolypin in Kiev, 1911” in Les Dernières Années de la Cour de Tzarskoe-Selo. Paris: Payot, 1928. alexanderpalace.org/palace/stolypin-murder-1911-kiev.html (Translated by Robert Moshein), accessed 6/15/11.
Strekotin, Alexander. “Alexander Strekotin: Statement, 1934.” www.kingandwilson.com/FOTRResources/strekotin.htm.
Tian-Shanskaia, Olga Semyonova. Village Life in Late Tsarist Russia. Edited and translated by David L. Ransel with Michael Levine. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993.
Trotsky, Leon. Diary in Exile, 1935. Translated by Elena Zarudnaya. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1958.
——. The History of the Russian Revolution. 3 volumes. Translated by Max Eastman. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1932.
Volkov, Alexei. Souvenirs d’Alexis Volkov, Valet de Chambre de la Tsarine Alexandra Feodorovna 1910–1918. Paris: Payot, 1928. www.alexanderpalace.org/volkov/ (Translated by Robert Moshein, 2004), accessed 8/1/11.
Vorres, Ian. Last Grand Duchess: The Memoirs of Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna. London: Hutchinson, 1964.
Vyrubova, Anna. Memories of the Russian Court. London: Macmillan, 1923.
Williams, Albert Rhys. Through the Russian Revolution. New York: Boni and Liveright, 1921.
Wilton, Robert. The Last Days of the Romanovs (including Depositions of Colonel Kobylinksy, Pierre Gilliard, Sydney Gibbes, Anatoly Yakimov, Pavel Medvedev, Philip Proskuriakov). London: Thornton Butterworth, 1920.
Witte, Count Sergei. The Memoirs of Count Witte. Translated by Abraham Yarmolinksy. New York: Doubleday, Page, 1921.
(Yusupov) Youssoupoff, Prince Felix. Lost Splendor: The Amazing Memoirs of the Man Who Killed Rasputin. Translated by Anne Green and Nicholas Katkoff. London: Cape, 1953.
GENERAL SOURCES
This work stands on the shoulders of dozens of historians who have made the rigorous examination of the Russian past their life’s work. Without their books, mine would not have been possible.
Alexandrov, Victor. The End of the Romanovs. Translated by William Sutcliffe. Boston: Little, Brown, 1966.
Andrews, Stuart. Lenin’s Revolution. Humanities E-books, 2007.
Bainton, Roy. A Brief History of 1917: Russia’s Year of Revolution. New York: Carroll & Graf, 2005.
Bill, Valentine T. The Forgotten Class: The Russian Bourgeoisie from the Earliest Beginnings to 1900. New York: Praeger, 1959.
Botkin, Gleb. The Woman Who Rose Again. New York: Revell, 1937.
Brewster, Hugh. Anastasia’s Album. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1996.
Burleigh, Michael. Sacred Causes: The Clash of Religion and Politics, from the Great War to the War on Terror. New York: Harper Perennial, 2007.
Clarkson, Jesse D. A History of Russia. New York: Random House, 1961.
Crankshaw, Edward. The Shadow of the Winter Palace: Russia’s Drift to Revolution, 1825–1917. New York: Viking Adult, 1976.
Essad-Bey, M. Nicholas II: Prisoner of the Purple. London: Hutchinson, 1936.
Etty, John. Primary Sources in Russian History. Corby Northants, UK: First and Best in Education, 2009.
Ferro, Marc. Nicholas II: The Last of the Tsars. Translated by Brian Pearce. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
——. The Russian Revolution of February 1917. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1972.
Fige, Orlando. A People’s Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891–1924. New York: Penguin, 1996.
Fischer, Louis. The Life of Lenin. New York: Harper Colophon, 1965.
Fuhrmann, Joseph T. Rasputin: The Untold Story. New York: John Wiley, 2012.
Gelardi, Julia. Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria. New York: St. Martin’s, 2005.
Harding, Luke. “Bones Found by Russian Builder Finally Solve Riddle of Missing Romanovs.” The Guardian, 24 August 2007. The Guardian Archives. Accessed April 12, 2012. www.theguardian.com/world/2007/aug/25/russia.lukeharding.
Hosking, Geoffrey A. Rulers and Victims: The Russians in the Soviet Union. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press/Harvard University Press, 2006.
Keating, John, and Thomas Joseph White. Divine Impassability and the Mystery of Human Suffering. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2009.
King, Greg. The Court of the Last Tsar: Pomp, Power and Pageantry in the Reign of Nicholas II. New York: John Wiley, 2006.
——. Empress Alexandra. New York: Atlantic International Publications, 1990.
——. “Inheritance of Blood: Official Anti-Semitism and the Last Romanovs.” Kingandwilson.com/AtlantisArticles/Inheritance.htm.
——. The Resurrection of the Romanovs: Anastasia, Anna Anderson, and the World’s Greatest Royal Mystery. New York: John Wiley, 2011.
——, and Penny Wilson. The Fate of the Romanovs. New York: John Wiley, 2003.
Koslow, Jules. The Despised and the Damned: The Russian Peasant Through the Ages. New York: Macmillan, 1972.
Kurth, Peter. Tsar: The Lost World of Nicholas and Alexandra. New York: Madison Press, 1995.
Le Blanc, Paul. Marx, Lenin, and the Revolutionary Experience. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.
Lincoln, W. Bruce. In War’s Dark Shadow. Dekalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1983.
——. Red Victory: A History of the Russian Civil War, 1918–1921. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991.
——. The Romanovs: Autocrats of All the Russias. New York: Anchor Books, 1981.
Massie, Robert K. Nicholas and Alexandra. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2011.
——. The Romanovs: The Final Chapter. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 1995.
Pares, Bernard. A History of Russia. New York: Vintage Books, 1961.
Radziwill, Princess Catherine. The Intimate Life of the Last Tzarina. New York: Longmans, Green, 1928.
——. Nicholas II: The Last of the Tsars. London: Cassell, 1931.
——. The Taint of the Romanovs. London: Cassell, 1931.
Rendell, Matthew. Defenders of the Motherland: The Tsarist Elite in Revolutionary Russia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
“Revolution: Russia: Area of Study 2, ‘Creating a New Society.’ ” Atar Not
es and Study Guides. Vce.atarnotes.com/home/?step=downloader&download=945.
Sablinsky, Walter. The Road to Bloody Sunday: Father Gapon and the St. Petersburg Massacre of 1905. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1976.
Seward, Deborah. “Researchers: Anastasia and Alexei Mystery Continues.” 28 July 1992. AP News Archive. http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1992/Researchers-Anastasia-and-Alexei-Mystery-Continues/id-ca1c01d799f90b0bd45340dbf1edb38e.
Shelayev, Yuri, Elizabeth Shelayeva, and Nicholas Semenov, editors. Nicholas Romanov: Life and Death. St. Petersburg, Russia: Liki Rossi, 1998.
Shipside, Steve. Karl Marx’s Das Kapital: A Modern-Day Interpretation of an Economic Classic. Oxford, UK: Infinite Ideas Limited, 2009.
Smith, Douglas. Former People: The Final Days of the Russian Aristocracy. New York: Farrar, Straus, 2012.
Steinberg, Mark D., and Vladimir M. Khurstalev. The Fall of the Romanovs. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1995.
Timms, Robert, editor. Nicholas and Alexandra: The Last Imperial Family of Tsarist Russia. New York: Abrams, 1998.
Trewin, J. C. The House of Special Purpose: An Intimate Portrait of the Last Days of the Russian Imperial Family, Compiled from the Papers of the English Tutor Charles Sidney Gibbes. New York: Stein & Day, 1975.
Ulam, Adam. The Russian Revolution: Essays, Photographs and Excerpts from Classic Works About the Men and the Ideas That Shaped the Most Significant Revolution of the 20th Century. New York: Macmillan, 1967.
Victor, Alexander. The End of the Romanovs. Boston: Little, Brown, 1962.
Volkogonov, Dmitri. Lenin: The First Account Using All the Secret Soviet Archives. New York: Free Press, 1994.
Welch, Frances. The Romanovs & Mr. Gibbes: The Story of the Englishman Who Taught the Children of the Last Tsar. Croyden, Surrey, UK: Short Books, 2002.
Wolff, Theodore. The Eve of 1914. New York: Knopf, 1936.
Wortman, Richard. Scenarios of Power: From Alexander II to the Abdication of Nicholas II. 2 volumes. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000.
Znamenov, Vadim, with Sergei Mironenko and Olga Barkovets. Nicholas II: The Imperial Family. St. Petersburg, Russia: Abris Publishers, 2007.
THE ROMANOVS ONLINE
The last imperial family has a large online presence. To explore their world further, try these sites:
Alexander Palace Time Machine
The Romanov website, where you’ll find online books, letters, articles, photographs, and much, much more.
alexanderpalace.org/palace/mainpage.html
Nicholas and Alexandra
An online exhibit of the State Hermitage Museum, this website features maps, timelines, and a virtual tour by gallery, allowing viewers to see such artifacts as the grand duchesses’ white summer dresses, Nicholas’s abdication document, and even the imperial couple’s costumes from their 1903 ball.
nicholasandalexandra.com
Romanov Memorial
A virtual tour of the House of Special Purpose (Ipatiev house), complete with photographs and film footage of the house’s exterior.
romanov-memorial.com
Royal Russia
A vast repository of over 50 full-length articles, five hundred news articles, three hundred videos, and one thousand photographs, all devoted to the last imperial family. Especially fascinating is the film and video archive, featuring reels of the family on the imperial train, the interior of the Alexander Palace, Prince Yusupov’s funeral, and more.
angelfire.com/pa/ImperialRussian/
Yale Beinecke Albums
These six photo albums belonging to Anna Vyrubova are chock-full of candid family pictures.
beinecke.library.yale.edu/collections/highlights/romanov-family.albums
YouTube
Don’t miss these three films on YouTube:
The Romanovs’ 1998 funeral: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8oYHKLHGwvA Romanov Home Movies: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMHANjp_M8c Parts of the forty-minute Russian film made in commemoration of the tercentary, with a rousing rendition of “God Save the Tsar”: youtube.com/watch?v=agILrxmXRjA.
NOTES
Russia
1 “a natural part …”: Skipworth, 12.
2 “a certain quality …”: Smith, 25.
3 “C’est la vie.”: ibid.
4 “not sufficiently tall …”: Alexander, Grand Duke of Russia, 211.
5 “[She] was just …”: Vorres, 102.
6 “She was dressed …”: Radziwill, Intimate Life, 75–76.
7 “appropriate pomp …”: Alexander, Grand Duke of Russia, 212.
8 “The whirling waltz …”: Gautier, 210.
9 “She danced badly …”: Radziwill, Intimate Life, 76.
10 “It was like a living dream!”: Timms, 214.
11 “cheeks glowing with …”: Lincoln, War’s Dark, 37.
12 “vain city women …”: ibid.
13 “decked out”: ibid.
14 “Stooping down, I …”: Koslow, 8.
15 “It has been …”: Lincoln, War’s Dark, 52.
16 “A cockroach is …”: ibid., 46.
17 “Strips [of land] six feet …”: ibid., 50.
18 “There are many …”: ibid., 51.
19 “Every single peasant …”: Fige, 106.
20 “God grew the forests …”: ibid., 101.
21 “All the healthy …”: ibid., 109.
22 “Everyone is trying …”: ibid.
23 “I did not live …”: Lincoln, War’s Dark, 109.
24 “earned the equivalent …”: ibid., 115.
25 “In the event …”: ibid., 113.
26 “The factory owner …”: ibid., 114.
27 “We slept in …”: Bill, 130.
28 “I had eleven …”: Lincoln, War’s Dark, 121.
29 “When I am rich …”: Bill, 133.
30 “Reflections of a better …”: Lincoln, War’s Dark, 121.
Chapter One
1 “To the palace …”: Pares, 403.
2 “My father took me …”: Shelayev, 7.
3 “The emperor is dead.”: Alexander, Grand Duke of Russia, 60.
4 “feel the whip”: Steinberg, 36.
5 “presentiment—a secret …”: Alexander, Grand Duke of Russia, 60.
6 “The tsar is swift …”: Mosolov, 4.
7 “Shut up!”: Wortman, 310.
8 “Nicholas is a devchonka …”: ibid.
9 “Tell me, have you …”: Essad-Bey, 26.
10 “It was my father’s …”: Olga Alexandrovna Memoirs in Maylunas, 42.
11 “I never show …”: Steinberg, 10.
12 “When she did …”: Marie, Queen of Romania, 331.
13 “Her attitude to …”: ibid.
14 “Life here [on earth] …”: King, Court, 285.
15 “I’m Nicky …”: Kurth, 28.
16 “I sat next to …”: Nicholas II Diary, 27 May/9 June 1885, in Maylunas, 10.
17 “My dream—one day …”: Nicholas II Diary, 21 December/3 January 1891, ibid., 20.
18 “As always, I don’t …”: Nicholas II, Journal Intime, 13.
19 “[The army] appealed …”: Alexander, Grand Duke of Russia, 73.
20 “We got stewed …”: Massie, Nicholas and Alexandra, 19–20.
21 “The officers carried …”: ibid.
22 “Wallowed in …”: ibid.
23 “Palaces and generals …”: Alexander, Grand Duke of Russia, 167.
24 “Oh, God, what …”: Nicholas II to the Empress Marie, 10 April/23 April 1894, Secret Letters, 76.
25 “I dreamed that …”: Nicholas II, Journal Intime, 76–77.
26 “Be firm and make …”: Nicholas II, ibid., 103.
27 “your poor little Nicky …”: ibid., 104.
28 “Darling boysy …”: ibid., 103.
29 “What am I going …”: Alexander, Grand Duke of Russia, 168–169.
30 “My poor Nicky’s …”: Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 108.
3
1 “invisible trousers.”: Alexandra to Nicholas II, 22 August/3 September 1915, Letters of the Tsaritsa, 114.
32 “be all, know all …”: ibid.
33 “Beloved, listen to me …”: ibid.
34 “Alix repeated …”: Nicholas II Diary, 21 October/3 November 1894, in Maylunas, 99.
35 “Our marraige seemed …”: Massie, Nicholas and Alexandra, 46.
36 “the funeral bride.”: Gilliard, 48.
37 “She has come to us …”: ibid.
38 “lost her customary …”: Shelayev, 31.
39 “She kept herself aloof …”: ibid.
40 “perpetually unamused”: ibid.
41 “unwholesomely precocious outlook …”: Vyrubova, 79.
42 “corroded by a lack …”: Shelayev, 44.
43 “Oh, these young men …”: Alexandra to Nicholas II, 8 March/21 March 1916, GARF.
44 “I trust you to …”: Nicholas II to Alexandra, 10 March/23 March 1916, GARF.
45 “spider’s net”: Wolff, 231.
46 “own Huzy”: Nicholas II to Alexandra, 23–24 February/8–9 March 1917, GARF.
47 “sweet Wifey”: ibid.
48 “a world apart …”: Botkin, Real Romanovs, 18.
49 “charming, dear, precious place”: Kurth, 55.
50 “It is incredible …”: King, Court, 52.
51 “opal-hued”: Vyrubova, 54.
52 “through and through …”: Alexandra to Nicholas II, 3 March/16 March 1917, GARF.
53 “It is inexpressibly …”: Nicholas II Diary, 20 November/3 December 1894, in Maylunas, 115.
54 “a sort of everlasting …”: Crankshaw, 308.
Chapter Two
1 “utter delight …”: Nicholas II to Empress Marie, Secret Letters, 93.
2 “[The baby] has become …”: ibid., 96.
3 “All the anxiety was over”: Nicholas II Diary, 3 November/16 November 1895, in Maylunas, 130.
4 “God, what happiness!”: Nicholas II Diary, 4 November/17 November 1895, ibid.
5 “precious little one”: Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 56.
6 “humble snub”: King, Empress, 188.
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