2. George D. Painter, Marcel Proust: A Biography, vol. 2 (London: Chatto and Windus, 1959), 351.
3. François Guizot, “Guizot’s Preface,” in Edward Gibbon, Guizot’s Gibbon: History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Oxford, 1841), xiv–xv.
4. Marcel Proust, Remembrance of Things Past, trans. C. K. Scott-Moncrieff (New York: Random House, 1932), vol. 2, 711.
5. Marcel Proust, Remembrance of Things Past, trans. C. K. Scott Moncrieff, Terence Kilmartin, and Andreas Mayor (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 1983), vol. 3, 477.
6. Marcel Proust, In Search of Lost Time, trans. C. K. Scott Moncrieff and Terence Kilmartin, rev. D. J. Enright (London: Chatto and Windus, 1992), vol. 3, 685.
7. Marcel Proust, In Search of Lost Time: The Prisoner and The Fugitive, trans. Christopher Prendergast, Carol Clark, and Peter Collier (London: Penguin, 2003), 474.
8. Gustave Flaubert, “Letter to Louise Colet,” December 16, 1852, in Steegmuller, Letters, 176.
INTRODUCTION TO GEOFFREY SCOTT’S THE PORTRAIT OF ZÉLIDE
First published in Geoffrey Scott, The Portrait of Zélide (New York: Turtle Point Press, 1997), ix–xviii.
1. Geoffrey Scott, The Portrait of Zélide (New York: Helen Marx, 1997), 36.
2. Ibid., 197.
3. Ibid., 40.
4. “My Last Duchess,” in Robert Browning: Selected Poems, ed. John Woolford, Daniel Karlan, and Joseph Phelan (Abingdon, UK: Pearson, 2010), 199–200.
5. Scott, Zélide, 29.
6. Ibid., 12.
7. Geoffrey Scott, introduction to Four Tales by Zélide, by Madame de Charrière, trans. and ed. Geoffrey Scott (London: Constable, 1925), xvii–xviii.
8. Scott, Zélide, 34.
9. Ibid., 101.
10. Ibid., 130–131.
11. Ibid., 190–191.
12. Ibid., 211.
INTRODUCTION TO IRIS ORIGO’S LEOPARDI: A STUDY IN SOLITUDE
First published in Iris Origo, Leopardi: A Study in Solitude (New York: Helen Marx, 2000), 3–12.
1. Iris Origo, Leopari: A Study in Solitude (New York: Helen Marx, 1999), 32.
2. Ibid., 60.
3. Niccolò Machiavelli, “Letter to Francesco Vettori, 15 December 1513,” quoted in the introduction to The Prince, trans. W. K. Marriott (Rockville, MD: Arc Manor, 2007), 5–13, 9.
4. Giacomo Leopardi, Epistolario, to Giordano, March 21, 1817, quoted in Origo, Leopardi, 62. Origo’s translation is modified slightly by Hazzard.
5. Translation is Hazzard’s. “A Silvia,” in Leopardi, Canti, 174.
6. Translation is Hazzard’s. “Le Ricordanze,” in Leopardi, Canti, 182.
7. Translation is Hazzard’s (but based loosely on that by John Heath-Stubbs). “La Sera del Dì di Festa,” in Leopardi, Canti, 108. Cf. trans. John Heath-Stubbs, Poems From Giacomo Leopardi (London: John Lehmann, 1946), 20.
8. W. H. Auden, “In Memory of W. B. Yeats,” in Collected Poems, ed. Edward Mendelson (London: Faber and Faber, 1976), 197.
9. Translation is Hazzard’s. Leopardi, “On the Monument to Dante Being Erected in Florence,” in Canti, 24.
10. Quoted in Walter Pater, “Winckelmann,” in The Renaissance (New York: Modern Library 1873), 148.
11. The epigraph to Goethe’s Italian Journey, trans. Robert R. Heitner, in Goethe: The Collected Works (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989), vol. 6., n.p.
12. W. H. Auden, introduction to The Complete Poems of C. P. Cavafy, trans. Rae Dalven (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1961), viii–xi.
13. Rodrigo Caro, La canción a las ruinas de Itálica (Bogotá: Editorial Voluntad, 1947).
14. “Il tramonto della luna,” in Leopardi, Canti, 282.
WILLIAM MAXWELL
First published in A William Maxwell Portrait: Memories and Appreciations, ed. Charles Baxter, Michael Collier, and Edward Hirsch (New York: Norton, 2004), 117–122.
1. Jean Cocteau, The Difficulty of Being (New York: Melville House, 2013).
2. William Shakespeare, Cymbeline, act 4, scene 2.
3. Graham Greene, A Sort of Life (London: Vintage, 1999), 134.
4. W. B. Yeats, “Vacillation,” in The Collected Poems of W. B. Yeats, ed. and annotated by Richard J. Finneran (London: Macmillan, 1950), 284.
5. William Maxwell, The Chateau (London: Harvill Press, 2000), 345.
THE PATRON SAINT OF THE UN IS PONTIUS PILATE
First published February 23, 1974, in the New York Times, 31.
1. “UN Unit Drops Support of Conference on Torture,” New York Times, December 4, 1973, 2.
2. “Kriesky Firm on Closing It: UN Says It Has No Authority to Run Jews’ Transit Camp,” International Herald Tribune, October 4, 1973, 1.
3. Editor’s note: These quotations are not from published news sources. They are likely to be from internal UN documents, but copies were not found in Hazzard’s papers.
4. Editor’s note: This quotation is likely to be from an internal UN document, but no copy was found in Hazzard’s papers.
5. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Nobel Lecture, available at http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1970/solzhenitsyn-lecture.html.
“GULAG” AND THE MEN OF PEACE
First published in August 25, 1974, in the New York Times, 446.
1. United Nations, Chapter XV: The Secretariat, Article 100, http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/chapter15.shtml.
2. United Nations, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 19, http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml#a19.
3. United Nations Press Release SG/SM/2033, July 5, 1974, 2–3. Copy of Press Release held in Shirley Hazzard Papers, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University in the City of New York.
4. UN Press Release SG/SM/2033, 2.
5. “UN Chief Gives Mild Retort to Solzhenitsyn,” International Herald Tribune, August 28, 1972.
6. George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four (London: Penguin, 1989), 223.
7. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Nobel Lecture, available at http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1970/solzhenitsyn-lecture.html.
8. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, “The Prison Industry,” part 1 in The Gulag Archipelago (London: Collins, 1974), 17.
9. Copy of letter from Jerzy Kosinski, PEN president, to Kurt Waldheim, August 1, 1974, held in Shirley Hazzard Papers, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University.
10. “Confucius Loses Face at UN,” Times (London), September 19, 1974, 20.
THE UNITED NATIONS: WHERE GOVERNMENTS GO TO CHURCH
First published March 1, 1975, in the New Republic, 11–14.
1. James McDonald, “Letter of Resignation of James G. McDonald, HCR (Jewish and other) coming from Germany addressed to the Secretary-General of the League of Nations,” London, December 27, 1935, in Victor Yves Ghebali and Catherine Ghebali, A Repertoire of League of Nations Serial Documents, 1919–1947 (Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications, 1973), x. McDonald’s resignation letter is available at http://www.jta.org/1935/12/30/archive/mcdonald-resigns-urges-league-intervention-for-reich-jews.
2. Nan Robertson, “UNESCO is Facing Bitter Backlash,” New York Times, December 8, 1974, 5.
3. John Maynard Keynes, Essays in Persuasion (London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1952), 21.
4. Kathleen Telsch, in “UN Assembly Session Produces 150 Resolutions and a Treaty to Protect Diplomats,” reports that “During the session, the 135 member nations…approved a $540,473,000 United Nations budget for 1974 and 1975.” Hazzard has noted on the clipping: “‘Regular’ budget only,” New York Times, December 23, 1973, 4. Shirley Hazzard Papers, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University.
5. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Nobel Lecture, available at http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1970/solzhenitsyn-lecture.html.
6. Keynes, Essays in Persuasion, 356.
7. Richard J. Barnet and Ronald E. Müller, Global Reach: The Power of Multinational Corporations (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1974), 283.
8. Hubert Miles Gladwyn Jebb, Baron Gladwyn, The Memoirs of Lord Gladwyn (London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1972), 257–258.
9. “New Rule Raises Limits on Cargo: Load-line Convention Goes into Effect Today,” New York Times, July 21, 1968, 244.
10. This matter is the subject of Hazzard’s first monograph on the UN, Defeat of an Ideal: A Study of the Self-Destruction of the United Nations (New York: Little, Brown, 1973).
11. Alice Ritchie, The Peacemakers (London: Hogarth Press, 1928), 77.
12. Ibid., 78.
13. Letter, André Lewin to F. R. Buckley, November 5, 1974, Shirley Hazzard Papers, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University.
14. “UN Unit Drops Support of Conference on Torture,” New York Times, December 4, 1973, 2.
15. Kathleen Telsch, “UN Rights Group is Under Attack,” New York Times, March 10, 1974: 1, 25.
16. Seymour Maxwell Finger and John Mugno, The Politics of Staffing the UN Secretariat (New York: The Ralph Bunche Institute on the United Nations, the Graduate School and University Center of the City University of New York, 1974).
17. Ibid., 44.
18. Ibid., 49.
19. Shirley Hazzard, Defeat of an Ideal: A Study of the Self-Destruction of the United Nations (New York: Little, Brown, 1973), 247.
20. “Dante says that there can be no real knowledge if what has been learned is not retained,” quoted in Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince, ed. Quentin Skinner and Russell Price (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), 93.
THE LEAGUE OF FRIGHTENED MEN: WHY THE UN IS SO USELESS
First published January 19, 1980, in the New Republic, 17–20.
1. Christopher Wren, “Waldheim Cuts Mission Short after Khomeini Refuses a Meeting,” New York Times, January 4, 1980: A1, A4.
2. “Kurt Waldheim interviewed by Barbara Walters and Lou Cioffi,” ABC News: Issues and Answers, January 6, 1980, 13. Transcript held in Shirley Hazzard Papers, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University.
3. New York Times, December 23, 1979, 29.
4. The Pahlavi Prize is mentioned in Albin Krebs, “Notes on People,” New York Times, June 6, 1978, C9.
5. See http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/maurice-frederick-strong/.
6. Christopher S. Wren, “Waldheim, in Iran, Discourages Hopes for Breakthrough,” New York Times, January 2, 1980, A1.
7. This event was also recorded in “Plight of Cambodians,” International Herald Tribune, October 20–21, 1979. Clipping held in Shirley Hazzard Papers, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University.
8. Kathleen Telsch, “Shevchenko Quits UN Post, Says He’ll Stay in US,” New York Times April 27, 1978, A11.
9. Iain Guest, “UN Aide Is Censured in Art Scandal,” International Herald Tribune, October 27–28, 1979.
10. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Nobel Lecture, available at http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1970/solzhenitsyn-lecture.html.
11. New York Times, September 12, 1977, 8.
12. “Russians Mark Human Rights Day,” New York Times, December 11, 1978.
13. Editor’s note: The exact quotation was not found, but the following passage is marked in Shirley Hazzard’s papers: “The Secretariat is a mess, declared a high ranking US official. He said there were no clear lines of authority or precise delineation of work in the Department of Economic and Social Affairs.” Kathleen Teltsch, “UN is Reorganizing to Aid Poor Nations,” New York Times, February 3, 1978, A10. Shirley Hazzard Papers, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University.
14. United States Senate Committee on Government Operations, US Participation in International Organizations, Doc. 95–50, 95th Cong., 1st sess., February 1977. Printed for the use of the Committee on Government Operations, (Washington: US Government Printing Office, 1977), 53–54. Copy held in Shirley Hazzard Papers, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University.
15. Ronald Kessler, “UN System, Claiming Deficits, Has $1.4 Billion in Bank,” Washington Post, June 17, 1979, A1, A8, A9.
16. Ronald Kessler, “After Report of $1.4-Billion Surplus: US House Panels to Probe UN Finances,” Washington Post, June 20, 1979.
17. This matter is the subject of Hazzard’s first monograph on the United Nations, Defeat of an Ideal: A Study of the Self-Destruction of the United Nations (New York: Little, Brown, 1973).
18. Kathleen Telsch, “UN Faces Rare Labor Turmoil and Fears the Unrest Runs Deep,” New York Times, February 5, 1979, A4; “All Isn’t Peace and Brotherhood Inside the United Nations,” Washington Post, February 18, 1979, A4.
19. John Bunyan, The Pilgrim’s Progress (London: Oxford University Press, 1932), 65.
UNHELPFUL: WALDHEIM’S LATEST DEBACLE
First published April 12, 1980, in the New Republic, 10–13.
1. U Thant, “Address Delivered by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, U Thant, in Commemoration of the Twentieth Anniversary of the Adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,” in Final Act of the International Conference on Human Rights, Teheran, April 22–May 13, 1968, A /CONF.32/41 (New York: United Nations, 1968), 34–35.
2. “At Women’s Parley, Gala Soothes Animosities—Some, Anyway,” New York Times, June 22, 1975, 48.
3. “Panel Presses Iran on Seeing Hostages, But There Is Confusion on Timing,” New York Times, February 29, 1980, A1.
4. “Panel Presses Iran,” New York Times, A5.
5. Myra MacPherson, “Waldheim: The UN’s Muted Peacekeeper Amid the Passions,” Washington Post, January 18, 1980, B6.
6. John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Presidential Address, January 20, 1961: “To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective; to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak; and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.” The full text of Kennedy’s speech is available at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid-8032.
7. Kathleen Telsch, “UN Rights Group Is Under Attack,” New York Times, March 10, 1974, 1, 25.
8. Bernard Nossiter, “Waldheim Says UN Panel Is only Suspending Its Work: ‘Same Old Problem’ with Militants,” New York Times, March 11, 1980, A12.
9. “Transcript of the President’s News Conference on Foreign and Domestic Matters,” New York Times, February 14, 1980, A16.
10. Editor’s note: The source for this quotation was not found. It is likely to be from an internal UN memo, but was not located among Hazzard’s papers.
11. Bernard Nossiter, “Problems for UN Aid Plans,” New York Times, March 29, 1980, 22.
12. Editor’s note: The source for this quotation was not found. It is likely to be from an internal UN memo, but was not located among Hazzard’s papers.
13. Christopher Wren, “Waldheim, in Iran, Plays Down Hope for Breakthrough,” New York Times, January 2, 1980, 1, 10. See also MacPherson, “Waldheim,” B6.
14. Bernard Nossiter, “Waldheim and Aides Are Reported Drafting Rules for Iran Inquiry,” New York Times, February 15, 1980, A1, A10.
15. John Kifner, “Effort to Free the Hostages,” New York Times, February 22, 1980, 11.
16. Bernard Nossiter, “Trying to Launch Inquiry, UN Copes with Chaos,” New York Times, February 24, 1980, 137.
17. Bernard Gwertzman, “Deluded or Not, the US Keeps Hoping; Waffling Part Two,” New York Times, March 2, 1980, E1.
A WRITER’S REFLECTIONS ON THE NUCLEAR AGE
First published in the December 1981 issue of the Boston Review. Available at http://bostonreview.net/archives/BR06.6/hazzard.html.
CANTON MORE FAR
First published December 16, 1967, in the New Yorker, 42–49.
PAPYROLOGY AT NAPLES
First published August 29, 1983, in the New Yorker, 79–83.
1. Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Emp
ire (Paris: 1840), 55.
2. See reference under “Papyrus” in Encyclopedia Britannica (1911), available at http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/Topics/Daily_Life/writing/papyrus/Britannica_1911*.html.
3. Letter, Horace Walpole to Richard West, June 14, 1740, in Horace Walpole’s Correspondence: The Yale Edition, vol. 13, 222, 224, available at http://images.library.yale.edu/hwcorrespondence/page.asp?vol=13&seq=294&type=b; http://images.library.yale.edu/hwcorrespondence/page.asp?vol=13&seq=296&type=b.
4. Giacomo Leopardi, Paralipomeni, Canto Terzo, 41, in “From the Archive,” English trans. David Armstrong, Herculaneum Archaeology 5, no. 6 (Summer 2006): 6.
5. Norman Douglas, Siren Land (West Drayton, UK: Penguin, 1948), 75.
6. Norman Neuerburg, Herculaneum to Malibu: A Companion to the Visit of the J. Paul Getty Museum Building (Malibu: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1975).
THE TUSCAN IN EACH OF US
First published in An Antipodean Connection, ed. Gaetano Prampolini and Marie Christine Huber (Genève: Editions Slatkine, 1993), 77–82.
1. James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson, LLD.: Including A Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides, ed. G. B. Hill, and Rev. L. F. Powell (London: Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1934), 2:36, 742.
2. W. B. Yeats, “Mehru,” from “Supernatural Songs,” in Richard J. Finneran, W. B. Yeats, The Poems, ed. Richard J. Finneran (London: Macmillan, 1983), 289.
3. Arthur Hugh Clough, “Amours de Voyage,” Canto 2, in Poems of Arthur Hugh Clough, ed. F. L. Mulhauser (London: Clarendon Press, 1974), 103.
4. E. M. Forster. A Passage to India (London: Penguin, 2005), 265–266.
5. Quoted in Walter Pater, “Winckelmann,” in The Renaissance (New York: Modern Library 1873), 147–194, 148.
6. Jakob Burkhardt, Reflections on History, trans. M. D. Hottinger (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1979), 105.
7. Letter, Niccolò Machiavelli to Francesco Vettori, December 10, 1513, in Machiavelli: The Chief Works and Others, ed. Allan Gilbert (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1989), 2:915.
8. Patrick White, Riders in the Chariot (Sydney: Random House, 2011), 522.
We Need Silence to Find Out What We Think Page 22
