by Willis, Sam
alliance with Spain ref1, ref2
American gunpowder trade ref1, ref2
American trade ref1
American use of ports ref1
American view of ref1, ref2
borrowing ref1
and British naval mobilization ref1
British relationship with ref1
canal system ref1
Caribbean holdings ref1
Centre International de la Mer ref1
Declaration of Independence sent to ref1
declaration of war ref1, ref2n
excuse to enter war ref1
gunpowder-manufacturing ref1
impact of entry into war ref1
Marine Academy ref1
motivation for intervention ref1
naval administration ref1
naval preparation ref1, ref2
naval threat ref1
naval weakness ref1
neutrality ref1
peace talks ref1
rebuilds sea power ref1
recommitment ref1
and the relief of Gibraltar ref1
sea power ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
support for America ref1, ref2
treaty of ‘amity and commerce’ with America ref1
and the Trenton campaign ref1
upper classes ref1
Washington on ref1
Franco-Spanish Channel invasion campaign, 1779
challenge ref1
date ref1
disease ref1
Franco-Spanish fleet off Plymouth ref1, ref2
Franco-Spanish fleet returns home ref1
impact of ref1
quality of French contingent ref1
quality of Spanish contingent ref1
rendezvous ref1, ref2
signalling systems ref1
strength ref1, ref2
Franklin, Benjamin ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
and Lexington and Concord campaign ref1
and the New York campaign ref1
in Paris ref1
Rules by Which a Great Empire May be Reduced to a Small One (1773) ref1
Freeman’s Farm, battle of ref1
French navy ref1
advantage ref1
American expectations of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
armada sails, 1781 ref1
battle experience ref1
Brest fleet ref1
captures ref1, ref2
Caribbean campaign, 1780 ref1, ref2
Caribbean campaign, 1781 ref1
Caribbean campaign, 1782 ref1
Charleston campaign ref1
cooperation with Spanish ref1
crews ref1
debt ref1
d’Estaing’s Atlantic crossing ref1
d’Estaing’s fleet’s operational capability declines ref1
discipline ref1
engagement at Narragansett Bay ref1
English Channel campaign, 1781 ref1
English Channel campaign, 1782 ref1
English Channel invasion campaign, 1799 ref1
escape at Porto Praya ref1
failure to cooperate with Spanish ref1
first action against British ref1
first ships arrive in American waters ref1
Great Britain and ref1
gunnery ref1
hygiene ref1
inability to cooperate ref1
in India ref1, ref2, ref3
mobilization ref1
officer corps ref1
officer training ref1
preparation ref1
prize money ref1
quality ref1
reforms ref1
sea power disintegrated ref1
seamanship ref1, ref2, ref3
squadrons of evolution ref1
strategic possibilities, 1781 ref1
strength ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
threat of ref1
weakness ref1
at Yorktown ref1, ref2, ref3
French Revolution ref1
Gadsden, Christopher ref1n, ref2, ref3
Gage, General Thomas
country in arms dispatch ref1
and Graves ref1
Lexington and Concord campaign ref1
Lexington and Concord dispatches arrive ref1
ordered to take decisive action ref1
portrayal of rebels ref1
reinforcements ref1
replacement dispatched ref1
secures Massachusetts powder ref1
and siege of Boston ref1
galleys ref1, ref2, ref3
Mediterranean ref1
Galloway, Joseph ref1
Gálvez, Bernardo de ref1, ref2
campaign, 1780 ref1
Gambier, James ref1, ref2, ref3
Gardiners Bay, Long Island ref1
Gardinerstown ref1
Gaspee, HMS
approach ref1
boarding ref1
burning ref1
cause of attack ref1
Commission of Inquiry ref1
grounding ref1
injuries ref1
lack of violence in attack ref1
lesson of ref1
response to attack ref1
significance ref1, ref2
surrendered ref1
vulnerability ref1
Gaston, Don Miguel ref1
Gates, Horatio ref1, ref2, ref3
Gazette Française (newspaper) ref1
Geary, Admiral ref1
General Mifflin (American privateer) ref1
George III, King ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
George, HMS (later Enterprise), capture of ref1
George, Lake ref1, ref2, ref3
Georgia ref1n
Georgia State Navy ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Germain, George ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
Germantown, battle of ref1, ref2n
Germany ref1
Gerry, Elbridge ref1
Gibraltar ref1, ref2
blockade ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
blockade lifted ref1
blockade running ref1
bombardment of ref1, ref2
British forces ref1, ref2
British raids ref1
civilian maritime evacuation ref1
defences ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
disease ref1
evacuation of, 1779 ref1n
evacuation of women and children ref1
fireboat attack ref1
first cannon fired ref1
Grand Assault on ref1, ref2
morale ref1
Moroccan aid ref1
relief of, 1779 ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
second relief operation, 1781 ref1, ref2
self-sufficiency ref1
siege of ref1
Spanish forces ref1
strategic importance ref1, ref2, ref3
strategic situation, 1779 ref1
strategic situation, 1780 ref1
third relief operation, 1782 ref1
Gibraltar, Bay of ref1
Glasgow, HMS ref1
Glover, John ref1n, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Goat Island ref1
gondolas ref1, ref2
Good Hope, Cape of ref1
Goore, Charles ref1
Gordon, William ref1
Gordon Riots ref1
governors, flight of ref1
Governor’s Island, American evacuation ref1
grabs ref1
Grafton, Duke of ref1
Grafton, HMS ref1
Grand Banks, the ref1, ref2
Grand Union flag, the ref1, ref2
Grant, General James ref1, ref2, ref3
Grasse, comte de ref1, ref2
arrival in Caribbean ref1
at Yorktown ref1, ref2, ref3
Graves, Vice-Admiral Samuel ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
bombardment of Falmouth ref1n
bombardments ref1
Boston blockade ref1, ref2
Lexington and Concord campaign ref1
reinforcements ref1
and siege of Boston ref1
on smuggling ref1
at Yorktown ref1
Graves, Lieutenant Thomas ref1
Gravesend Bay ref1, ref2
Gravier, Charles ref1
graving ref1
Great Britain
aggressive coercion policy ref1, ref2
alliance with Russia ref1n
American policy ref1, ref2
American trade ref1
Caribbean holdings ref1
and Cornwallis’s surrender ref1, ref2
debt ref1, ref2
declaration of war on Dutch ref1, ref2
domination of peace talks ref1
and the evacuation of Boston ref1
fear of French invasion ref1
Franco-Spanish invasion campaign ref1
and French alliance with Americans ref1
and the French navy ref1
government finances ref1
high seas tyranny ref1
impact of captures on ref1
impact of French entry into war ref1
invasion threat ref1
lessons of war ref1
Lexington and Concord dispatches arrive in ref1
losses to privateers ref1, ref2
maritime economy ref1
military power ref1
naval administration ref1, ref2
naval budget ref1
naval commitment ref1
naval mobilization ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
naval pressure on ref1
naval resources ref1
prioritises home waters ref1
relationship with France ref1
response to Gaspee attack ref1
response to League of Armed Neutrality ref1
response to Lexington and Concord campaign ref1
sea power ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
shipbuilding ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Spanish invasion plans ref1
strategic situation after Yorktown ref1
and the surrender of Charleston ref1
Great Chain, the ref1
Great Lakes, the, strategic importance ref1
Green, William ref1
Green Mountain Boys ref1
Greene, Nathanael ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Greenwood, John ref1
Grenada ref1
battle for ref1, ref2, ref3
grievance channels, broken ref1
Guadeloupe ref1, ref2
Guadeloupe, HMS ref1
Guichen, comte de ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Guipuscoano (Spanish 64-gun) ref1
gun-platforms ref1
gunpowder
American needs ref1
American shortage ref1
American trade ref1
French manufacturing ref1
import restrictions ref1
ingredients ref1
manufacturing process ref1
powder house raids ref1
quality ref1
Royal Navy consumption ref1
smuggling ref1, ref2
sources ref1
Spanish ref1
storage ref1
the Turtle attacks ref1
Hadden, Lieutenant James ref1
Halifax, Nova Scotia ref1, ref2
Hallowell, Benjamin ref1, ref2
Hamond, Andrew Snape ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Hampden (American warship) ref1
Hampton Roads ref1
Hancock (American frigate) ref1, ref2, ref3
Hancock, John ref1, ref2, ref3
Hannah (American schooner) ref1, ref2, ref3
Hardy, Charles ref1n, ref2
Harris, Sir James ref1
Hart, Richard ref1
Hartford Conference ref1
Hartley, David ref1
Havana ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Hawk, HMS ref1
Hazlewood, Commodore John ref1, ref2
Heath, General William ref1
Henry, Ralph ref1
Hermione (French warship) ref1
reconstruction ref1
Hessian troops ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Hewes, Joseph ref1n
Hinchinbrooke, HMS ref1
Hobart, Lord ref1
Hood, Samuel ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Hopkins, Esek ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Hopkins, Stephen ref1, ref2n, ref3n
Hotham, Commodore William ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
Howe, Admiral Richard ref1, ref2, ref3
arrival at New York ref1
conciliation strategy ref1
defence of New York ref1
and d’Estaing’s fleet ref1
engagement at Narragansett Bay ref1
immobilized in New York ref1
New York peace offerings ref1
pursuit of d’Estaing ref1
returns to London ref1
Howe, General William ref1, ref2
arrival in America ref1
assault on Dorchester Heights ref1
and battle of Bunker Hill ref1
Boston truce ref1
and the capture of the Nancy ref1
conciliation strategy ref1
evacuation of Boston ref1
occupation of Staten Island ref1
Philadelphia campaign ref1, ref2, ref3
and sea power ref1
supply problem ref1
withdrawal from Trenton ref1
Hudson River ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9n, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23
Hughes, Sir Edward ref1, ref2
Humpton, Colonel Richard ref1
Hunter, HMS ref1
Hutchinson, Israel ref1
Hyder Ali, sultan of Mysore ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Hyder Ally (American privateer) ref1, ref2
ice ref1, ref2, ref3
Île à Sonnettes ref1
Île de France ref1, ref2
India
battle for Pondicherry ref1
battle of Cuddalore ref1
British domination ref1
British naval squadron ref1
communication with ref1
connections to America ref1
Dutch losses ref1
French defeat ref1
French naval presence ref1, ref2, ref3
maritime infrastructure ref1
Mysore naval power ref1
naval arrangements ref1
route to ref1, ref2
trade ref1
Indian Ocean, British domination ref1
Indians ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
indigo trade ref1
Infernal, HMS ref1
Inflexible, HMS ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
inland navies ref1
inshore naval operations ref1, ref2
intelligence, Lexington and Concord campaign ref1
inter-service cooperation ref1
Intolerable Acts ref1
Irish Sea ref1
Iroquois Indians, American raid ref1
Isis, HMS ref1, ref2, ref3
Jackson, George ref1
Jamaica ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
James River ref1, ref2, ref3
Jefferson, Thomas ref1, ref2, ref3
Jenings, Edmund ref1
Jews, deportation from St Eustatius ref1
Johnstone, Commodore George ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
joint operations, New York campaign ref1
Jones, John Paul ref1
achievement ref1
in Amsterdam ref1
background ref1
battle off Flamborough Head ref1, ref2
capture of HMS Drake ref1
Continental Navy commission ref1
departure from Amsterdam ref1
fame ref1
hoists Grand Union flag ref1
‘I
have not yet begun to fight.’ ref1
Nassau raid, 1776 ref1
off French coast ref1
Whitehaven attack ref1
Kalb, General Johann de ref1
Kempenfelt, Richard ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Kennebec River ref1
Arnold’s advance on ref1
Kent, HMS ref1
Keppel, Augustus ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
battle of Ushant ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
court martial ref1
Knox, Henry ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Knox, William ref1
Lady Maria, HMS ref1
Lafayette, marquis de ref1, ref2
Lángara, Don Juan de ref1, ref2, ref3
Langdon, John ref1n, ref2
Languedoc (French 80-gun) ref1, ref2, ref3
Lapérouse, comte de ref1
Lapland ref1
Laurens, Henry ref1
Lavoisier, Antoine ref1
League of Armed Neutrality ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Lee (American cutter) ref1, ref2
Lee, Arthur ref1
Lee, Ezra ref1
Lee, Richard Henry ref1n, ref2n, ref3
Leeward Islands station ref1
Lestock, Richard ref1
Leutze, Emanuel, Washington Crossing the Delaware ref1
Lexington and Concord campaign ref1
aftermath ref1
American intelligence ref1
British harbour crossing ref1
British response to defeat ref1
British retreat and evacuation ref1
casualties ref1
dispatches ref1
engagement at Concord ref1
engagement on Lexington Common ref1, ref2
initial naval movements ref1
Revere captured and released ref1
Revere’s harbour crossing ref1
rumours about ref1
Lexington Common ref1, ref2
engagement on ref1, ref2
naval aspects ref1
Liberty (revenue sloop) ref1
Liberty (American schooner) ref1, ref2, ref3
Lincoln, General Benjamin ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
literature ref1
Lizard, HMS ref1
London Gazette ref1
Long Island ref1
American evacuation ref1
battle for ref1
Gardiners Bay ref1
landings ref1
Long Island Sound ref1
American raids ref1
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, ‘Paul Revere’s Ride’ ref1
looting ref1, ref2
Louis XVI, King of France ref1, ref2, ref3
Lovell, Solomon ref1
Lowestoffe, HMS ref1
Loyal Convert, HMS ref1, ref2
loyalists; see Tories
Lutwidge, Skeffington ref1, ref2
Lyttelton, Lord ref1
Macartney, Lord ref1
MacBride, Captain John ref1
McCurtin, Private Daniel ref1
Machias, Maine ref1
Mackenzie, Frederick ref1
McNeil, Daniel ref1, ref2
McNeill, Hector ref1
Magnifique (French warship) ref1
Maine, Arnold’s march to Quebec ref1
Manchac ref1
Mangalore, India ref1
Manley, John ref1, ref2, ref3
Mansfield, Earl of ref1
