by Harlow Unger
21 Memoirs, 11:71.
22 Bemis, Union, citing Theodore Weld to Angelina G. Weld and Sarah Grimké, January 23, 1842, Weld-Grimké Letters, January 23, 1842, 2, 899–1000, in Bemis, Union, 426.
23 Memoirs, 11:73–74.
24 Register of Debates, 11, Pt. 2, 1399.
25 Bemis, Union, 432.
26 Ibid., 56.
27 Bemis, Union, 434–435; Congressional Globe, 11:208.
28 Congressional Globe, 11:168–208.
29 Congressional Globe, 11:208.
30 Allan Nevins, ed., The Diary of John Quincy Adams, 1794–1845 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1951), xxvii.
31 Barton H. Wise, The Life of Henry Wise of Virginia, 1806–1876 (New York: Macmillan, 1899), 61–62, cited in Bemis, Union, 436–437.
32 Letters to JQA from Isaac Fisher (February 15, 1842), William Shinn (March 4, 1842), and John Greenleaf Whittier (January 31, 1842), AP MHS.
33 T. H. Brower to JQA, February 8, 1842, AP MHS.
34 Memoirs, 12:116.
35 Ibid., 11:383.
36 Abraham Lincoln Speech in the U.S. House of Representatives on Internal Improvements, June 20, 1848, in Abraham Lincoln: Speeches and Writings, 1832–1858, ed. Don E. Fehrenbacher (New York: Library of America, 1989), 187–198.
37 LCA to her niece Abigail Brooks Adams, December 9, 1847, reel 536, AP MHS.
38 Congressional Globe, 17:437–438.
39 Memoirs, 12:281.
40 Bemis, Union, 534.
41 Token of a Nation’s Sorrow: Addresses to the Congress of the United States and Funeral Solemnities on the Death of John Quincy Adams Who Died in the Capitol at Washington on Wednesday Evening, February 23, 1848 (Washington: J. and G. S. Gideon, 1848), in Bemis, Union, 538.
42 November 12, 1842, in Diaries, MHS.
43 Memoirs, 7:164, mistakenly published in his Memoirs as written on October 30, 1826. In his old age, JQA had slipped the undated poem at random between pages of his diary bearing the 1826 date, and his son, Charles Francis, in compiling his father’s Memoirs for publication, assumed that was the date on which his father had written it.
44 JQA “To My Children,” September 18, 1809, reel 408, AP MHS.
Bibliography and Research Resources
W. W. Abbott, Dorothy Twohig, Philander D. Chase, and Theodore Crackel, eds. The Papers of George Washington, Presidential Series. 16 vols. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1987–(in progress).
Abigail Adams. My Dearest Friend: Letters of Abigail and John Adams, edited by Margaret A. Hogan and C. James Taylor. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2007.
Charles Francis Adams. Charles Francis Adams. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1900.
———, ed. Letters of John Adams Addressed to His Wife. 2 vols. Boston: C. C. Little and J. Brown, 1841.
———, ed. Memoirs of John Quincy Adams, Comprising Portions of His Diary from 1795 to 1848. 12 vols. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1874–1877.
———, ed. The Works of John Adams, Second President of the United States. 10 vols. Boston: Little, Brown, 1856.
Henry Adams. The Education of Henry Adams: An Autobiography. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1918.
———. History of the United States of America during the Administrations of Jefferson and Madison, 1807–1817. 9 vols. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1889–1891.
John Adams. The Political Writings of John Adams, edited by George A. Peek Jr. New York: Liberal Arts Press, American Heritage Series, 1954.
———. The Revolutionary Writings of John Adams. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund, 2000.
———. Thoughts on Government. Philadelphia: John Dunlop, 1776.
John Quincy Adams. Diary of John Quincy Adams. 2 vols. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1981.
———. Lectures on Rhetoric and Oratory Delivered to the Senior and Junior Sophisters in Harvard University. 2 vols. Boston: Hillard and Metcalf, 1810.
———. The Lives of James Madison and James Monroe, Fourth and Fifth Presidents of the United States. Rochester, NY: Erastus Darrow; Buffalo: G. H. Derby, 1850.
———. Poems of Religion and Society, with Notices of His Life and Character by John Davis and T. H. Benton. New York: William H. Graham, 1848.
———. The Writings of John Quincy Adams, edited by Worthington Chauncey Ford. 7 vols. New York: Macmillan, 1913–1917.
Herbert S. Allan. John Hancock: Patriot in Purple. New York: Beechhurst Press, 1953.
———. American State Papers: Foreign Relations. 38 vols. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1832–1861.
Harry Ammon. The Genet Mission. New York: W. W. Norton, 1973.
———. James Monroe: The Quest for National Identity. Newtown, CT: American Political Biography Press, 1971.
Irving H. Bartlett. John C. Calhoun: A Biography. New York: W. W. Norton, 1993.
Spencer Bassett, ed. Correspondence of Andrew Jackson. 6 vols. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution, 1926–1933.
Samuel Flagg Bemis. John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Policy. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1950.
———. John Quincy Adams and the Union. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1956.
Albert J. Beveridge. The Life of John Marshall. 4 vols. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1916–1919.
Julian P. Boyd et al., eds. The Papers of Thomas Jefferson. 34 vols. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1950–(in progress).
Irving Brant. James Madison: Commander in Chief, 1812–1836. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1961.
Richard Brookhiser. James Madison. New York: Basic Books, 2011.
Stuart Gerry Brown, ed. The Autobiography of James Monroe. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1959.
Nina Burleigh. The Stranger and the Statesman: James Smithson, John Quincy Adams, and the Making of America’s Greatest Museum. New York: HarperCollins, 2003.
L. H. Butterfield, ed. The Adams Papers: Diary and Autobiography of John Adams. 4 vols. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1961.
L. H. Butterfield, et al. The Adams Papers: Adams Family Correspondence. 10 vols. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1963–2010.
Lester J. Cappon, ed. The Adams-Jefferson Letters: The Complete Correspondence between Thomas Jefferson and Abigail and John Adams. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1959.
Ron Chernow. Alexander Hamilton. New York: Penguin Press, 2009.
Lawrence A. Cremin. American Education: The Colonial Experience, 1607–1783. New York: Harper & Row, 1970.
W. P. Cresson. James Monroe. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1946.
Marcus Cunliffe. The Nation Takes Shape, 1789–1837. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1959.
Noble E. Cunningham Jr. Jefferson and Monroe: Constant Friendship and Respect. Monticello, VA: Thomas Jefferson Foundation, 2003.
———. The Presidency of James Monroe. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1996.
George Dangerfield. Awakening of American Nationalism. New York: Harper & Row, 1965.
———. The Era of Good Feelings. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1952.
Alexander DeConde. The Affair of Louisiana. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1976.
———. Entangling Alliance. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1958.
———. The Quasi-War: The Politics and Diplomacy of the Undeclared War with France, 1797–1801. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1966.
David W. Dent. The Legacy of the Monroe Doctrine: A Reference Guide to U. S. Involvement in Latin America and the Caribbean. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999.
Maurice Denuzière. Je te nomme Louisiane: Découverte, colonisation et vente de la Louisiane. Paris: Editions Denoël, 1990.
Alice Morse Earle. Child Life in Colonial Days. Stockbridge, MA: Berkshire House Publishers, 1993.
E. F. Ellet. Court Circles of the Republic from Washington to Grant. Hartford, CT: Hartford Publishing
, 1869.
Joseph J. Ellis. First Family: Abigail and John Adams. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2010.
John Ferling. John Adams: A Life. New York: Henry Holt, 1992.
John C. Fitzpatrick, ed. The Writings of George Washington. 39 vols. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1931–1944.
Paul Leicester Ford. The Writings of Thomas Jefferson. 10 vols. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1892–1899.
Worthington Chauncey Ford, ed. Journals of the Continental Congress. 34 vols. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1904–1936.
———, ed. Statesman and Friend: The Correspondence of John Adams with Benjamin Waterhouse, 1784–1822. Boston: Little, Brown, 1927.
———, ed. Warren-Adams Letters, Being Chiefly a Correspondence among John Adams, Samuel Adams, Jr., and James Warren, 1743–1814. 2 vols. Boston: Little, Brown, 1917–1925.
———, ed. The Writings of John Quincy Adams. 7 vols. New York: Macmillan, 1913–1917.
William M. Fowler Jr. The Baron of Beacon Hill: A Biography of John Hancock. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1980.
Douglas Southall Freeman. George Washington: A Biography, completed by John Alexander Carroll and Mary Wells Ashworth. 7 vols. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1948–1957.
Richard Frothingham. The Life and Times of Joseph Warren. Boston: Little, Brown, 1865.
Edith Gelles. Abigail and John Adams: Portrait of a Marriage. New York: HarperCollins, 2009.
———. Abigail Adams: A Writing Life. New York: Routledge, 2002.
Daniel Coit Gilman. James Monroe. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1898.
John Steele Gordon. An Empire of Wealth: The Epic History of American Economic Power. New York: HarperCollins, 2004.
Stanislaus Murray Hamilton, ed. The Writings of James Monroe: Including a Collection of His Public and Private Papers and Correspondence Now for the First Time Printed. 7 vols. Washington, DC: Government Printing Branch, U.S. Department of State, 1898. Reprinted by AMS Press, 1969.
David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. Henry Clay: The Essential American. New York: Random House, 2010.
Ann Heinrichs. Louisa Catherine Johnson Adams. New York: Children’s Press, 1998.
Donald R. Hickey. The War of 1812: A Forgotten Conflict. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1989.
Don Higginbotham. The War of American Independence: Military Attitudes, Policies, and Practice, 1763–1789. New York: Macmillan, 1971.
Felix Maurice Hippiel. Napoleon. New York: New American Library of World Literature, 1963.
Woody Holton. Abigail Adams. New York: Free Press, 2009.
Stanley J. Idzerda, Anne C. Loveland, and Marc H. Miller. Lafayette, Hero of Two Worlds: The Art and Pageantry of His Farewell Tour of America, 1824–1825. Flushing, NY: Queens Museum, 1989.
Andrew Jackson. Correspondence of Andrew Jackson, edited by John S. Bassett. 6 vols. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution, 1926–1933.
Bernard Jaffe. Men of Science in America. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1958.
John P. Kaminski. The Founders on the Founders: Word Portraits from the American Revolutionary Era. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2008.
———. James Madison: Champion of Liberty and Justice. Madison, WI: Parallel Press, 2006.
———, ed. The Quotable Jefferson. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2006.
———. Thomas Jefferson: Philosopher and Politician. Madison, WI: Parallel Press, 2005.
John Kaminski, Gaspare Saladino, Richard Leffler, and Charles H. Schoenleber, eds. The Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution. 22 vols. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1976–(in progress).
John F. Kennedy. Profiles in Courage. New York: HarperCollins, 1955.
Ralph Ketcham. James Madison: A Biography. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1990.
Margaret Brown Klapthor. The First Ladies. Washington, DC: White House Historical Association, 1985.
Bernhard Knollenberg. Growth of the American Revolution, 1766–1775. New York: Free Press, 1975.
Adrienne Koch and William Peden, eds. The Selected Writings of John and John Quincy Adams. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1946.
Auguste Lavasseur. Lafayette in America in 1824 and 1825: Journal of a Voyage to the United States. Manchester, NH: Lafayette Press, 2006. Originally published in 1829 and translated from the French by Alan R. Hoffman.
Phyllis Lee Levin. Abigail Adams: A Biography. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2001.
James Madison. Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787. New York: W. W. Norton, 1987.
Dumas Malone. Jefferson and the Ordeal of Liberty. Boston: Little, Brown, 1962.
———. Jefferson and the Rights of Man. Boston: Little, Brown, 1951.
———. Jefferson the President: First Term, 1801–1805. Boston: Little, Brown, 1970.
———. Jefferson the President: Second Term, 1805–1809. Boston: Little Brown, 1974.
William R. Manning, ed. Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States Concerning the Independence of Latin American Nations. 3 vols. New York: Oxford University Press, 1925.
David McCullough. John Adams. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001.
Jon Meacham. American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House. New York: Random House, 2008.
William Lee Miller Jr. Arguing about Slavery: John Quincy Adams and the Great Battle in the United States Congress. New York: Vintage Books, 1995.
Meade Minnigerode. Jefferson, Friend of France 1793: The Career of Edmond Charles Genet. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1928.
———. Some American Ladies: Seven Informal Biographies. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1926.
James Monroe. The Autobiography of James Monroe, edited by Stuart Gerry Brown. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1959.
Chase C. Mooney. William H. Crawford, 1772–1834. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1974.
Samuel Eliot Morison. Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636–1936. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1936.
Richard B. Morris. Encyclopedia of American History. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1953.
Paul C. Nagel. The Adams Women: Abigail and Louisa Adams, Their Sisters and Daughters. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
———. John Quincy Adams: A Public Life, a Private Life. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997.
Allan Nevins, ed. The Diary of John Quincy Adams, 1794–1845. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1951.
Helen Nicolay. Our Capital on the Potomac. New York: Century Company, 1924.
John Niven. John C. Calhoun and the Price of Union. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1988.
Michael O’Brien. Mrs. Adams in Winter. New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, 2010.
Lynn Hudson Parsons. The Birth of Modern Politics: Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams and the Election of 1828. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
———. John Quincy Adams. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998.
George A. Peek Jr., ed. The Political Writings of John Adams. New York: Liberal Arts Press, American Heritage Series, 1954.
Bradford Perkins. Castlereagh and Adams: England and the United States, 1812–1823. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964.
Michel Péronnet. Le XVIIIe siècle (1740–1820): Des lumières à la Sainte-Alliance. Paris: Hachette Livre, 1998.
Merrill D. Peterson. The Great Triumvirate: Webster, Clay, and Calhoun. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
Michel Poniatowski. Talleyrand aux États-Unis, 1794–1796. Paris: Presses de la Cité, 1967.
Robert V. Remini. Henry Clay: Statesman of the Union. New York: W. W. Norton, 1991.
———. John Quincy Adams. New York: Henry Holt, 2002.
———. The Life of Andrew Jackson. 3 vols. New York: Harper & Row, 1977–1984. Subsequently published as a one-volume paperback: The Life of Andrew Jackson. New York: Penguin Books, 1988.
; William J. Rhees, ed. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections: Documents Relating to the Origins and History of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1880.
J. D. Richardson. Compilation of Messages and Papers of the Presidents. 20 vols. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1908.
Cokie Roberts. Ladies of Liberty: The Women Who Shaped Our Nation. New York: William Morrow, 2008.
Robert R. Rutland et al., eds. The Papers of James Madison. 16 vols. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1984–1989.
William H. Seward. Life and Public Services of John Quincy Adams, Sixth President of the United States, with the Eulogy Delivered before the Legislature of New York. New York: C. M. Saxton, 1859.
Jack Shepherd. The Adams Chronicles: Four Generations of Greatness. Boston: Little, Brown, 1975.
Page Smith. John Adams. 2 vols. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1962.
Donald H. Stewart. The Opposition Press of the Federalist Period. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1969.
Dirk J. Struik. The Origins of American Science. New York: Cameron Associates, 1948.
James Tagg. Benjamin Franklin Bache and the “Philadelphia Aurora.” Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.
Robert J. Taylor, ed. The Adams Papers, Diary of John Quincy Adams, November, 1779–March, 1786. 2 vols. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1981.
———, ed. Papers of John Adams. 10 vols. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1983.
Alexis de Tocqueville. Democracy in America. New York: Bantam Dell, 2000. First published in 1835 as De la democracie en Amérique and translated into English in 1838.
Margaret Truman. First Ladies: An Intimate Group Portrait of White House Wives. New York: Fawcett Columbine, 1995.
Jean Tulard, Jean-François Fayard, and Alfred Fierro. Histoire et dictionnaire de la Révolution Française. Paris: Éditions Robert Laffont, 1987.
