by Anne Schraff
3. William Breyfogle, Make Free (New York: J. B. Lippincott Company, Inc., 1958), p. 192.
4. Mortimer Adler, The Negro in American History (New York: Encyclopedia Britannica, 1969), vol. 1, p. 121.
5. Ibid.
6. Dick Russell, Black Genius and the American Experience (New York: Carroll and Graf Publishers, Inc., 1998), p. 409.
7. Lerone Bennett, Wade in the Water: Great Moments in Black History (Chicago: Johnson Publishing Company, Inc., 1979), p. 82.
8. Blockson, p. 121.
9. Benjamin Quarles, “Harriet Tubman,” in Leon Litwick and August Meier, eds., Black Leaders of the Nineteenth Century (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1982), p. 48.
10. Breyfogle, p. 175.
11. W. E. B. Du Bois, Du Bois (New York: The Library of America, 1986), p. 961.
12. Blockson, p. 172.
13. Ibid., p. 173.
14. Ibid., p. 174.
15. Ibid., p. 172-173.
16. Sarah Bradford, Harriet Tubman: The Moses of Her People (Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1981; first published in 1869), p. 53.
17. Ibid., p. 54.
Chapter 6. You Will Be Free or Die
1. Sarah Bradford, Harriet Tubman: The Moses of Her People (Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1981; first published in 1869), p. 55.
2. Ibid., p. 57.
3. Ibid., p. 114.
4. Ibid., p. 115.
5. Dick Russell, Black Genius and the American Experience (New York: Carroll and Graf Publishers, Inc., 1998), p. 409.
6. Afro American Encyclopedia (Miami, Florida: Educational Book Publishing, Inc., 1974), vol. 9, p. 2652.
7. African American Biography (Detroit, Mich.: Gale Research, Inc., 1993), vol. 4, p. 732.
8. Charles L. Blockson, The Underground Railroad (New York: Prentice Hall, 1987), p. 121.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid., p. 99.
11. Lereone Bennett, Wade in the Water: Great Moments in Black History (Chicago: Johnson Publishing Company, Inc., 1979), p. 84.
12. William Breyfogle, Make Free (New York: J. B. Lippincott Company, Inc., 1958), p. 210.
13. Ibid., p. 212.
Chapter 7. The Last Days of the Railroad
1. “A Champion of Freedom,” brochure published by the Harriet Tubman Home Tour, p. 1.
2. Charles L. Blockson, The Underground Railroad (New York: Prentice Hall, 1987), p. 174.
3. William Still, The Underground Railroad (Chicago: Johnson Publishing Company, Inc., 1970), p. 411.
4. W. E. B. Du Bois, Du Bois (New York: The Library of America, 1986), p. 960.
5. Benjamin Quarles, “Harriet Tubman,” in Leon Litwick and August Meier, eds., Black Leaders of the Nineteenth Century (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1982), p. 53.
6. Ibid., p. 48.
7. Lynn Sherr and Jurate Kazickas, Susan B. Anthony Slept Here (New York: Random House, 1994), p. 301.
8. Sarah Bradford, Harriet Tubman: The Moses of Her People (Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1981; first published in 1869), p. 136.
9. Ibid., p. 118.
10. Ibid., pp. 133-134.
11. Afro American Encyclopedia (Miami, Florida: Educational Book Publisher, 1974), vol. 9, p. 2653.
12. Bradford, p. 122.
13. Ibid.
14. Du Bois, p. 961.
15. Bradford, p. 136.
Chapter 8. Scout, Spy, Nurse, Soldier
1. Sarah Bradford, Harriet Tubman: The Moses of Her People (Gloucester. Mass.: Peter Smith, 1981; first published in 1869), p. 92.
2. Ibid., p. 93.
3. Benjamin Quarles, “Harriet Tubman,” in Leon Litwick and August Meier, eds., Black Leaders of the Nineteenth Century (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1982), p. 55.
4. Bruce Catton, The Army of the Potomac: A Stillness at Appomattox (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1953), p. 230.
5. Bradford, p. 98.
6. Ibid.
7. Jack Salzman et al., Encyclopedia of African American Culture (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996), p. 2677.
8. Bradford, p. 138.
9. Columbus Salley, The Black 100 (New York: Citadel Press, 1993), p. 51.
10. Philip Sterling and Rayford Logan, Four Took Freedom (New York: Doubleday, 1967), pp. 27-28.
11. Bradford, p. 134.
12. Catton, p. 231.
13. Ibid.
14. Richard C. Wade, Negroes in American Life (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc., 1970), p. 80.
15. “Civil War,” The World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia (Chicago: World Book, Inc., 1996).
16. Dick Russell, Black Genius and the American Experience (New York: Carroll and Graf Publishers, Inc., 1998), p. 108.
17. Ibid.
18. Rayford Logan and Irving Cohen, The American Negro (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc., 1970), p. 107.
19. Benjamin Quarles, The Negro in the Making of America (New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, Inc., 1987), p. 80.
20. Russell, p. 415.
21. Ibid.
Chapter 9. A New Beginning
1. Philip Sterling and Ray Ford Logan, Four Took Freedom (New York: Doubleday, 1967), p. 28.
2. Charles L. Blockson, The Underground Railroad (New York: Prentice Hall, 1987), p. 123.
3. Jack Salzman, et al., Encyclopedia of African American Culture (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996), p. 2677.
4. Benjamin Quarles, “Harriet Tubman,” in Leon Litwick and August Meier, eds., Black Leaders of the Nineteenth Century (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1982), p. 55.
5. Ibid., p. 95.
6. Sarah Bradford, Harriet Tubman: The Moses of Her People (Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1981; first published in 1869), p. 5.
7. Ibid., p. 89.
8. Ibid., pp. 139-142.
9. Ibid., 142.
10. Ibid., 137.
11. Herbert Aptheker, A Documentary History of the Negro People in the United States (New York: Citadel Press, 1998), vol. 2, p. 781.
12. Megan McClard, Harriet Tubman: Slavery and the Underground Railroad (New York: Simon & Schuster, Inc., 1991), p. 123.
13. Jack Salzman et al., Encyclopedia of African American Culture (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996), p. 267.
Chapter 10. I Can Hear the Angels Singing
1. Benjamin Quarles, “Harriet Tubman,” in Leon Litwick and August Meier, eds., Black Leaders of the Nineteenth Century (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1982), p. 50.
2. Ibid., p. 51.
3. Lerone Bennett, Wade in the Water: Great Moments in Black History (Chicago: Johnson Publishing Company, Inc., 1979), p. 94.
4. Quarles, p. 51.
5. Ibid., p. 56.
6. Ibid.
7. Charles L. Blockson, The Underground Railroad (New York: Prentice Hall, 1987), p. x.
8. Quarles, p. 47.
9. Bennett, p. 87.
10. Ibid.
11. Benjamin Quarles, “Forward to the 1970 edition,” William Still, The Underground Railroad (Chicago: Johnson Publishing Company, Inc., 1970), p. v.
12. Columbus Salley, The Black 100 (New York: Citadel Press, 1993), p. 49.
13. Sarah Bradford, Harriet Tubman: The Moses of Her People (Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1981; first published in 1869), p. 76.
14. William S. McFeely, Frederick Douglass (New York: W. W. Norton and Company, Inc. 1991), p. 263.
15. Quarles, p. 52.
16. Ibid., p. 57.
17. Ibid., p. 49.
18. Dick Russell, Black Genius and the American Experience (New York: Carroll and Graf Publishers, Inc., 1995), p. 63.
FURTHER READING
Bennett, Lerone, Jr. Wade in the Water: Great Moments in Black History. Chicago: Johnson Publishing Company, Inc., 1979.
Blockson, Charles L. The Underground Railroad. New York: Prentice Hall, 1987.
Bradford, Sarah. Harriet Tubman: The Moses of Her People. Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1981 (first published in 1869).
Childress, Alice. When the Rattle
snake Sounds. New York: Coward McCann, 1975.
McClard, Megan. Harriet Tubman: Slavery and the Underground Railroad. New York: Simon & Schuster, Inc., 1991.
McGovern, Ann. Runaway Slave: The Story of Harriet Tubman. New York: Four Winds Press, 1965.
Quarles, Benjamin. The Negro in the Making of America. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, Inc., 1987.
Russell, Dick. Black Genius and the American Experience. New York: Carroll and Graf Publishers, Inc., 1998.
Schroeder, Alan. Minty: A Story of a Young Harriet Tubman. New York: Dial Books, 1996.
Taylor, Marion. Harriet Tubman: Antislavery Activist. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 1991.
INDEX
A
Alcott, Louisa May, 53
Anthony, Susan B., 53
B
Bailey, Josiah, 5–8
Barnes, V. K., 75
Blockson, Charles, 80
Bowley, John, 27–29
Bowley, Mary (sister), 27–29
Bradford, Sarah, 71–72
Brister, Charles, 79
Brodas, Eliza, 20–22, 43
Brodas, Edward, 9–13, 18–20
Brooks, Edward, 78
Brown, John, 53–54, 56–57
C
Carney, William, 65
Clay, Henry, 46
Cole, Thomas, 35
contraband, 59–61, 64, 75
Cook, James, 11–12
D
Davids, Tice, 18
Davis, Nelson (husband), 64, 72–73, 75
De Cormier, Robert, 81
Douglass, Aaron, 92
Douglass, Frederick, 52, 81
E
Emancipation Proclamation, 63
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 53
F
Fugitive Slave Act, 30–31
Forten, Charlotte, 82
G
Garnet, Henry, 58
Garrett, Thomas, 7, 36–38, 44–45, 50
Garrison, William Lloyd, 53
Guthrie, Woodie, 81
H
Harriet Tubman Home for Aged, 78, 81
Harriet Tubman: The Moses of Her People, 72
Higginson, Thomas, 52, 80
Hughlett, William, 5–7
Hunter, David, 59, 62
L
Lawrence, Jacob, 82
Lee, Robert E., 56
Lincoln, Abraham, 54, 58–59, 63, 66
M
Mann, Horace, Mrs., 53
Marsalis, Wynton, 82
McKay, Donald, 81
Montgomery, James, 62–64
N
Nalle, Charles, 54–56
National Federation of Afro American Women, 76
P
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 8, 25–27, 29–30, 45, 50
Philadelphia Vigilance Committee, 26–27, 29
Phillips, Wendell, 64, 72
R
rice plantation, 12, 20, 42
Robeson, Paul, 81, 83
Roosevelt, Franklin, 82
Ross, Benjamin (father), 9–10, 14, 18, 47, 48, 50–51, 73
Ross, Harriet “Rit” (mother), 9–10, 18, 50–51, 73
Ross, John (brother), 29
S
Saxton, Rufus, 75
Scenes in the Life of Harriet Tubman, 72
Seward, William, 51, 73–75, 81
slave auctions, 28
slave cabins, 10
slave reward posters, 35
Smith, Garrett, 72
Smith, Hughie, 82
Stanton, Edwin, 64
Stewart, John, 14–15
Still, William, 26–27, 33, 50, 80
Sumner, Charles, 53
T
Thompson, Anthony, 22, 50
Tubman, Harriet
birth, 10
childhood, 9–16
Civil War work, 59–66, 67–68
death, 79
head injury, 14
marriages, 19–20, 72–73
postage stamp, 82
Underground Railroad, 25–57
woman suffrage, 69
Tubman, John (husband), 18–20, 22, 27, 30, 69
Tubman, Richard, 18
Truth, Sojourner, 52, 66
Turner, Nat, 15
U
Underground Railroad, 7, 17–18, 26–28, 31, 36, 38–41, 45, 52, 54, 57, 68, 72, 80
maps, 23, 49
V
Victoria, Queen, 77
W
Washington, Booker T., 79
White, Charles, 82
Wood, Charles P., 74
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Originally published as Harriet Tubman: Moses of the Underground Railroad in 2001.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Schraff, Anne E.
The life of Harriet Tubman : Moses of the Underground Railroad / Anne Schraff.
pages cm. — (Legendary African Americans)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-7660-6137-8
1. Tubman, Harriet, 1820?–1913—Juvenile literature. 2. Slaves—United States—Biography—Juvenile literature. 3. African American women— Biography—Juvenile literature. 4. African Americans—Biography—Juvenile literature. 5. Underground Railroad—Juvenile literature. I. Title.
E444.T82S362 2014
306.3’62092—dc23
[B]
2013049810
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