See also Durbin, Richard “Dick”; Gutiérrez, Luis
Illinois Coalition for Immigrant and Refugee Rights, 130
immigrant rights movement, 11, 30–31, 32, 33, 38–40, 64, 65
border-crossing events, 251–52, 254, 257–60
burn-out of activists, 255–56
celebrity and tech leader support for, 226–28, 321
DACA and, 219–20, 248
debate on direction of, post-DACA, 228
demographic changes and, 309–10
demonstrations (2006), 53, 53–57, 60
DREAM Act and, 56, 163–64
“education, not deportation,” 87
effectiveness, 201
financial backing, 39
Florida as bellwether state, 317
Immigrant Workers Freedom Ride and, 32, 61
liaison with black movements, 273, 306
lobbying and, 202, 204, 227, 234, 235, 248–49, 264, 273
media and, 57–58
presidential race (2016) and, 287–88
redefining “American,” 323
retreat for young leaders (2011), 176
split within, 252
support across movements and, 209–10
tactics, 133, 140–42, 145, 148–49, 161, 204, 211–15, 228, 249, 250–53, 272, 290
Trail of Dreams and xi, 89, 90, 95–98, 101, 101–13, 117–33, 126n, 142, 180, 206, 208, 209, 210
Trump and mobilization of, 321
“undocumented and unafraid” campaign, 114–15, 170
“We Are Marie” campaign, 37, 47, 156
young activists and, 65, 69, 71–72, 87–88, 130–31, 140–41, 143–45, 156, 176, 201, 204, 309–10, 322–23
See also specific issues; specific organizations; specific people
Immigrant Workers Freedom Ride, 32, 61
immigration
American unemployment and jobs lost to, 17, 218–19
Bolivian visas and, 3
Catch-22 for permanent residency, 6–7
“family reunification” and, 45–46
fear or resentment and, 17, 45, 285
foreign worker visa program, 218, 227
green card and, 21, 36, 42, 50, 61, 155, 191, 199, 264, 304
hubs for, 18, 38, 39
humanitarian parole, 57, 135, 251, 260, 269, 274, 297
Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, 45
immigration and welfare laws (1996), 9, 13, 21, 32, 66, 73
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, 58, 66, 164, 223
increase in Asians and Latinos, 45
location of immigrants in the U.S., 18
millionaire’s visa, the EB-5, 79
national REAL ID card, 46
naturalization ceremony, 247–48
Patriot Act and, 17
presidential race (2016) and, 311
pushback to Obama’s executive orders, 280, 281
SB 1070 and other tough laws, 133
Social Security numbers and, 9–10, 22
temporary protected status (TPS), 315
Trump and, 285, 314–15
work permits, 22, 49, 61, 152, 154, 201, 260, 263, 264, 284n, 311, 320, 321
Immigration Centers of America, 190
Farmville Detention Center, 190–91
immigration courts, 24, 87, 254–55, 262–63, 315
immigration reform, 6, 126
AFL-CIO and, 230
America’s Voice and, 117
bipartisan support for, 235–36
Bush administration and, 46–47, 58
defeat of (2007), 70
DREAMers and, 228
FWD.us and, 227
Gang of Eight’s bill, 236, 248, 281, 306
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, 58, 66, 164, 223
Kennedy and, 55, 127
Kolbe bill, 65–66
Obama and, 70–71, 80–81, 82, 118, 127, 263, 274
post-9/11, 30
presidential race (2008) and, 73
presidential race (2016) and, 305–6
“Trail of Dreams” and, 117
youth movement and, 118, 144–45, 251–52
See also DACA: DAPA; DREAM Act; specific bills
Indiana
immigrant rights movement and, 202
Latino community, 112
state immigration laws, 201
Iowa, same sex marriage and, 209n
Iraq War, 30, 58
Jarrett, Valerie, 128, 211, 212
Jean, Majan, 33
Jefferson, Thomas, 312–13
Jefferson City, Mo., 19–23, 152, 153
Jiménez Moreta, Cristina, xi, 56, 118, 307, 313, 315, 322
Jobs, Laurene Powell, 227
Jobs, Steve, 227
Johnson, Jeh, 284n, 289
Kansas, immigrant rights and, 202
Kansas City, Mo., 153, 157
Kateel, Subhash, 86, 93, 96–97
Kennedy, Edward “Ted,” xi, xiv, 30–31, 55, 67, 69, 80, 127, 133
Kennedy, Robert F., xii, 34
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 108, 273
King, Rodney, 19
Klein, Alan, 268–69, 273, 274
Koch, Charles and David, 133, 148
Kolbe, James “Jim,” xii, 65–67
Ku Klux Klan, 108–10, 285
Kurzban, Ira, xiii, 92, 93–94, 98
Kyl, John, 67, 167
labor unions
guest worker program and, 13, 69
Immigrant Workers Freedom Ride backed by, 32
immigration restriction and, 31
shift to pro-immigrant position, 31–32
See also AFL-CIO
Lamkin, Fletcher, 47
Langlois, Joseph, 254
Las Vegas, Nev., 95, 98, 144, 278
Latino Alliance for Human Rights of Georgia, 112
Lawson, James, Jr., 32
League of United Latin American Citizens, 116
Lee, Tereza, 12, 16, 33, 57n, 69
Leopold, David, 252
LGBTQ rights, 42–43, 77, 99, 135–37, 184, 290
Florida antidiscrimination bill, 249
in Mexico, 258
military service and “Don’t ask, don’t tell,” 136–37, 136n, 164–67, 170, 171
“National Coming Out of the
Shadows Day,” 114
Obama and workplace protections, 264
Peruvian repression, 179
Pulse nightclub massacre and, 316–17
same sex marriage, 135, 136, 163–84, 209, 209n, 247, 249
Trump’s election and, 316
UndocuQueer, 209, 291
See also Aldana, Alex; Matos Sousa, Felipe; Rodriquez, Juan; specific people
Little, Cheryl, xiii, 39, 67, 93, 97–98, 103–4, 126, 206
Llamas, Tom, 286
Lofgren, Zoe, 293
Longoria, Eva, 221
Los Angeles, Ca., 10–11, 19, 38, 39, 44, 56, 59–60, 130
Lovato, Roberto, 98
Lugar, Richard, 128, 168
LULAC (League of United Latin American Citizens), 55
Mahony, Cardinal Roger, 61, 144
Maine, same sex marriage law, 209
Make the Road New York (MTRNY), x, xii, 114
Manchin, Joe, 168
Mannion, Geri, 39
Marantes, Jose Luis, xiv, 72, 73
Marshall, Thurgood, 273
Martin, Trayvon, 209–10, 273
Martinez, Greisa, xi, 310
Maryland
same sex marriage law, 209
in-state tuition, 177–78, 234
Mas Canosa, Jorge, 102n Massachusetts, same sex marriage law, 209n, 247
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 145
Mateo, Lizbeth, 133–34, 250, 252, 258
Matos Sousa, Felipe (later Felipe Sousa-Rodriguez), x, xi, xiv, 14–17, 41, 63, 72, 138, 245
academic excellence of, 43, 82
activism of, 63, 69, 73–74, 82, 131–32, 144, 168, 180, 248–50, 273
appearance, 2
49
blogging, 109, 122
Brazil and, 290
citizenship and, 247, 248, 264
college tuition and, 40, 42, 43–44
DACA and, 219–220
DREAM Act and, 168, 171, 172
evangelical church and, 41–43, 63
GetEQUAL and, 184, 264, 290
homosexuality and Isabel (previously Juan) Rodriguez, 42–43, 63, 64, 74–76, 77, 82–87, 121–24, 132, 137, 181–84, 220, 245, 248, 290–91, 317
immigration status, 184
at Miami Dade College, 43–44, 93
NCLR Obama address and, 203
Obama’s deferred action order and, 280
poem by, 292
presidential race (2008) and, 73
Pulse nightclub massacre and, 316–17
at St. Thomas University, 87, 184
suicide attempt, 84–87, 123
SWER and, 44, 63–64, 72
“Trail of Dreams” and, 89, 91, 94–97, 99, 101, 101–13, 117–31, 126n, 180
UWD and, 264, 308
Mayo, Fla., 107
McAuliffe, Jane Dammen, 302
McCain, John, xi, 67, 80, 125, 133–34, 141, 236, 251
McCaskill, Claire, 155, 169
McCaul, Michael, 281
McGuire, Patricia, 301
media
English-language, covering immigration issues, 57–58, 60
Guerrero and, 274–75
morning radio DJs, 60, 61
Obama’s deferred action order and, 276
politicians and messaging to, 58
Sensenbrenner bill and, 61
Spanish-language, 57–58, 61, 62, 93, 102, 113, 207, 276
“Trail of Dreams” and, 98–99, 102, 113
Trump and, 285–86
warning of raids on illegals by, 68
See also specific publications
Medina, Eliseo, 137, 142
Menendez, Bob, 140, 141, 236, 278
Meneses, Rocio, ix, 8–9, 174, 176, 242–43, 265–68
Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, 235
Mexico, 8, 9, 45, 267
border security and, 17, 30, 47, 66, 165, 248, 252
border wall and, 239–40
homophobia and, 258, 259
immigrants from, ix, x, 8, 13, 59–60, 95, 111, 114, 134, 144, 146, 162, 173–76, 200, 240
Mexican Americans in Las Vegas, 95
NAFTA and, 8
See also Aldana, Alex; Guerrero
Meneses, Dario Miami, Fla., 18, 39
Broward Transitional Center, 87, 88, 120, 228
Cuban Americans in, 95
demonstrations and, 61–62, 73–74, 92
DHS office in, 73, 74
Freedom Tower, 63, 101–102, 102n
Latino community and, 62
Little Haiti neighborhood, 98
Mercy Hospital, 87–88
Spanish-language media and, 62
Miami Dade College, 43, 64, 73, 90, 92, 93, 102, 120, 127
Migration Policy Institute, 218
Mijente (My People), xi, xiii, 306–7, 309, 315
Miller, Stephen, 314
Milwaukee, Wis., demonstrations, 130
Minuteman Project, xiii, 46
Miranda, Lin-Manuel, 316
Missouri
DREAM Act and, 155
Gonzalez family and, 18–24, 33, 36, 37, 47–49, 156
immigrants in, 18
Latino community in, 22
See also Gonzalez, Marie (Deel)
Mook, Ben, 23, 24, 33–34
Morales, Laura, x, 146, 147, 258, 262
Morales Moreno, Marina, x, 18–24, 48–49, 151, 154, 159, 160–61, 218, 224, 243, 304, 310
Morton, John, 139, 202
Motomura, Hiroshi, 206, 211
Movimiento Cosecha, xi, xiii
Muñoz, Cecilia, xiv, 38, 38n, 80, 127, 138, 211, 212, 215, 220, 257, 311
Munro, Neil, 218
Murguía, Janet, 137, 256–57, 259
Murkowski, Lisa, 168
NAACP, 108, 109, 273
NAFTA, 8
Nahunta, Ga., 108–9
NAKASEC (National Korean American Service and Education Consortium), 32, 114
Napolitano, Janet, 128, 139, 204–5, 211–12, 321
Nashville, Tenn., demonstrations, 56
National Asian American and Pacific Islander DACA Collaborative, xi
National Day Laborer Organizing Network, 222, 230, 234
National Immigration Forum, xiii, xiv, 32, 130, 222
“Bibles, Badges and Business” campaign, 204
Nation magazine, 110
NCLR (National Council of La Raza), xiv, 38, 80, 137, 234
calls Obama “Deporter in Chief,” 256–57, 259
national conference, 64–65, 71
Obama address to, 203–4, 234
See also UNIDOS.US,
Nebraska
immigrant communities in, 39
lawsuit against DAPA, 281–82
Nelson, Bill, 249–50
Nevada, xi
elections and, 82, 143
illegal immigrants in, 278
Obama speaks in, 278–79, 280
Silva case, 144
See also Reid, Harry
New Hampshire, same sex marriage, 209n
New Mexico
Caldelaria political run, 223
Deel family in, 304–5
Latino vote, 223
presidential race (2012) and, 225
Reagan’s amnesty and, 223
as a swing state, 223
New York City, 18, 39
demonstrations, 56
illegal immigrants in, 62–63
“undocumented and unafraid” day, 114
New York State, same sex marriage, 209n
Nicholls, Adelina, 112
NILC (National Immigration Law Center), xiii, 7, 32, 184, 206, 222
NIYA (National Immigrant Youth Alliance), x, xiii, 176, 210, 212, 228
border-crossing events, 251, 252, 253, 259
Noorani, Ali, xiv, 130
“No Papers, No Fear” Ride for Justice, 222, 228
Northam, Ralph, 319
North Dakota, DAPA lawsuit, 281–82
Northern Virginia Community College, 178, 184
Obama, Barack, xiv, 51, 70, 75–76, 230–31
backlash and, 109
birther theorists and, 81–82, 283
border security and, 263, 267, 276
Change Champion Award, 51, 71
civil detention system, 190
DACA and, 217–19, 311
DAPA and, 275–78, 310–11
deferred action and, 170
deportations and, 120, 138, 139, 180, 200, 228, 256–57, 279, 289, 314
DREAM Act and, 136
economic crisis of 2008
and, 81
Ferguson shooting and, 271, 272
gay rights and, 136, 209, 247, 264
health care reform and, 81, 136, 146
immigrant advocates and, 38, 38n, 71, 87
(see also Muñoz, Cecilia) immigration reform, 70–71, 80, 82, 118, 127, 263, 274
Latino support, 75, 206–7, 225, 256–57, 278
meets with Juan Rodriguez, 137–39
NCLR addressed by, 203–4
in Nevada, 278, 280
presidential race (2008), 70–71, 73, 75, 77–78, 161, 163, 207, 223
presidential race (2012), 223, 225
pressured for immigration reform and DACA expansion, 206–8, 211, 215, 216, 250, 252, 261
pushback to executive orders, 280, 281
Spanish-language media criticizes, 207
“Trail of Dreams” and, 97, 112–13, 128
unaccompanied minors and, 263, 288
Olavarria, Esther, xiv, 67, 69, 70, 80, 81, 93, 127, 165, 275–76
Oregon, immigrant communities in, 39
Otay Mesa Detention Center, 260, 261, 262
Our Revolution, x, 321
Pacheco, Erika, 90
/> Pacheco, Gustavo Enrique, 90, 107
Pacheco, Maria Gabriella “Gaby,” xi, 43, 63, 69, 73, 137, 138, 255, 288
activism of, 90–91, 152, 184–85
Bridge Project, 234
DREAM Act and, 166, 170, 204
employment, 308
hearing on U.S. v. Texas and, 294
ICE raid on family’s home, 89–90, 96
immigration status, 127
Rubio and, 206
as spokesperson, 131–32
“Trail of Dreams” and, 89, 95–97, 99, 101, 101–13, 117–31, 126n Pacheco Santos, Maria de Fatima, 90
Padrón, Eduardo, 93
Paxton, Ken, 320
Paynes Prairie, Fla., 106
Peck, Virgil, Jr., 202
Pelosi, Nancy, xii, 256
Peru
anti-gay repression in, 179
immigrants from, 120, 179, 204
Philippines, immigrants from, 180
Planned Parenthood, 308
Posse Foundation, 88
Powell, Colin, 13
Praeli, Lorella, 288
Presente.org, 98, 113, 180, 205
Puerto Ricans, 62, 93, 93n, 141
Young Lords, 273
Quiroga, Marco, 179
Ramos, Jorge, 73, 82, 98, 171, 308, 310
Trump and, 285–87
Ray, David, 33n
Reagan, Ronald, 58
amnesty and, 223, 282
immigration reform bill of 1986 and, 58
Recognizing America’s Children Act, 316
Reid, Harry, xi, 140, 141, 143, 278
DREAM Act and, 161, 163–64, 166, 167, 170
immigration reform and, 143–44
Roa, Carlos A., Jr., xi, 91–92, 131–32, 138
“Trail of Dreams” and, 91–92, 97, 99, 101, 101–13, 117–31, 126n Rodriguez, Juan, Sr., x, 119–20, 137, 181, 246
Rodriguez, Maria, xiv, 43–44, 64, 86, 91, 93, 97, 98, 103, 113, 210
Rodriguez, Vanessa, 193, 229, 234, 255, 319
Rodriguez Orellana, Jaren, 259–60
Romney, Mitt, 204
Ros-Lehtinen, Ileana, xii, 94, 94n, 126n
Rubio, Marco, 40, 95, 205–6, 236, 248, 249
Rudy, Michele, 176
Ryan, Paul, 322
Saavedra, Carlos, xi, 65, 69, 71, 82, 161, 165, 307
St. Augustine, Fla., 108
St. Thomas University, 87, 184
Salas, Angelica, xiv, 137, 142
Sanchez-Llaury, Tashi, 309
Sanders, Bernie, x, 70, 281, 288, 306
Our Revolution and, x, 321
San Francisco, Ca., xi, 132, 262
Campaign for an American DREAM walk, 208, 209
Obama interrupted in, 253
as sanctuary for LGBTQ refugees, 262
Scalia, Antonin, 289
Schumer, Chuck, 80, 127, 140, 236
Secure Borders, Economic Opportunity and Immigration Reform Act, 70
SEIU (Service Employees International Union), xiii, 32, 137, 142, 158, 308
Sensenbrenner, Jim, 58–59, 65
Sentencing Project, 272
September 11, 2001 terror attacks, 16–17
deportations following, 39, 97
The Making of a Dream Page 38
