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NOTES
The list of sources for this book could fill several volumes. In the interest of concision, I have refrained from listing in the bibliography every letter, interview, trial transcript, and mission report, which number in the thousands. Instead, I cite here those documents on which the book draws most directly. To avoid redundancy, I note the interview date for each person who is quoted at their first appearance in every chapter. Subsequent quotes in the same chapter are drawn from the same interview, unless otherwise noted. In a few cases, as with Pat Scannon, a scene or description may come from dozens of conversations over many years, and the dates cited in such passages refer specifically to the quoted material. Researchers who are interested in learning more about this story should begin at the BentProp website, bentprop.org, and that of the Long Rangers, 307bg.net. However, there is no substitute for the experience of sifting through the reels of footage, stacks of photographs, and mountains of mission documents at the National Archives, their fading yellow pages a last, best glimpse into the world from which our own emerged.
PROLOGUE
a rumpled archaeologist: From observation. I joined Emery in Palau for the 2008 recovery mission.
they would marvel: Interviews with divers, including Andy Baldwin, Rod Atherton, Randy Duncan, Totch Mabry, Paul Wotus, PJ O’Dell, Woody Woodburn, Julius McManus, Jericho Diego, Cameran Cox, Kenny Bontempo, Nick Zaborski, Josh Lamb, and Mariano Lorde. January–March 2008.
the depths were considered secret: Navy divers are careful not to discuss recent depth records. However, since at least the 1970s, the Experimental Diving Unit in Panama City, Florida, has conducted extensive tests on the limit of human endurance. One record, set in 1972, pushed a man to 1,000 feet; another, in 1979, sent a team of divers in a simulation tank to the depth equivalent of 1,800 feet. These dives required two and three weeks of decompression, respectively.
Air Force historians trained to identify: Life-support investigators play a critical role in crash identification. Often, by the time the military locates a missing airplane, the wreckage has been salvaged by locals for scrap metal, and what remains is difficult even to recognize as a plane.
sometimes even the gender or ethnicity: The skeletal variation by gender, region, and ethnicity is widely documented but still open to some debate. Orlando M. Gutiérrez has shown that these differences are apparent at a young age, suggesting a hereditary basis, while Anne Fausto-Sterling has argued that such discrepancies are mostly a product of environmental conditions. Gutiérrez, 347; Fausto-Sterling, 657.
healing properties of superoxygenated fields: The subdiscipline of hyperbaric medicine was first developed to address decompression sickness among divers. In recent years, studies have suggested a wider range of applications, including the treatment of diabetic foot wounds, cerebral palsy, and infection by flesh-eating bacteria. Barnes, 188; James, 2052; Escobar, 437.
rose ten thousand feet from the seafloor: This is a conservative figure. The shallow, western side of the archipelago averages about ten thousand feet, but water to the east, in the Palau trench, is much deeper—approaching twenty-six thousand feet in some areas. Kobayashi, 1303.
The people did not have a creation story; they had many: The first legend described here is that of Chuab; the second is that of Miladeldil. There is also a creation story about a giant exploding clam, and another about a woman who formed the northern islands with a hibiscus stick and a coconut shell.
Many of the island myths featured women: Such as the legend of the old woman who caught fish in her breadfruit tree, the woman who taught the islanders about natural childbirth, and the women who turned into mermaids. The Japanese occupation of Palau in the early twentieth century diminished some matrilineal tradition, but women continue to elect tribal chiefs and inherit family titles and land. Petersen, 68; Marck, 345.
a special breed of jellyfish: The lake, Ongeim’l Tketau, is home to a unique subspecies of the spotted jellyfish, which biologist Michael Dawson has proposed to name Mastigias papua etpisoni, after former Palauan president Ngiratkel Etpison. Dawson, 689.
CHAPTER ONE: RUMORS
“it seemed like he never would”: Interview with Nancy Doyle, March 17, 2008.
From the first day of practice: According to records at Texas Tech, Tommy Doyle and Dave Parks each made four touchdown receptions in the 1963 season. The three that Tommy caught against Kansas State are listed as both a school and a conference record. Parks became the first overall selection in
the 1964 draft, chosen by the 49ers; the following year, Anderson was the seventh overall selection—his $600,000 contract the largest in football history.
“I was just born crooked”: Interview with Casey Doyle, April 25, 2009.
“At last I can write a few lines”: Letter from Jimmie Doyle to Myrle Doyle, May 28, 1944.
“My Precious, sure am ready for bed tonight”: Letter from Jimmie Doyle to Myrle Doyle, May 30, 1944.
“Darling . . . there aren’t any words”: Letter from Jimmie Doyle to Myrle Doyle, May 31, 1944.
“It gives me a feeling of serenity”: Letter from Jimmie Doyle to Myrle Doyle, July 2, 1944.
“I just couldn’t look at them”: Interview with Tommy Doyle, March 17, 2008.
“I was against my mother bringing all this up”: Interview with Casey Doyle, April 25, 2009.
a fire in Saint Louis: The fire, on July 12, 1973, at the National Personnel Records Center in Saint Louis, burned for more than four days and took forty-two fire districts to extinguish. Some sixteen million to eighteen million military personnel records were destroyed.
“I can’t tell you any details”: Letter from Jimmie Doyle to Myrle Doyle, June 25, 1944.
“I have talked to some of the fellows”: Letter from Lloyd Waits to Myrle Doyle, December 11, 1944.
“the Indiana Jones of military archaeology”: Parade magazine, May 28, 2000: 6.
CHAPTER TWO: WRECKAGE
his wife, Susan, had long since: Interview with Susan Scannon, July 14, 2011.
working for the king’s hospital: Lambert conducted clinical research at the King Faisal hospital in Riyadh until 1983, when he accepted a position at a World Health Organization laboratory in Lebanon. “The day I was to get on the plane to train for the Lebanon job, the Marine barracks was blown up in Beirut. So they canceled that. Then they wanted me to go to Mogadishu, to run a microbiology clinical lab for the UN. Mogadishu was not a very attractive place, and it was getting worse, so I opted out and took a job at Xoma.” Interview with Chip Lambert, August 12, 2012.
There was gold on the islands: The story of Yamashita’s gold is debated everywhere it is discussed, but this much is certain. In 1988, Rogelio Roxas filed suit against Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos in Hawaii state court, claiming that he’d found the gold in 1971 and the Marcos family had, in legal jargon, “converted” the treasure to themselves. In 1996, a jury found in favor of Roxas, awarding him $22 billion, the largest judgment of its kind in history. In 1998, the Hawaii Supreme Court affirmed the verdict, concluding “there was sufficient evidence to support the jury’s determination that Roxas found the treasure” and “there was sufficient evidence to support the jury’s special finding that Ferdinand converted the treasure that Roxas found.” In 2006, the conclusion was affirmed yet again by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which wrote, “The Yamashita Treasure was discovered by Roxas and stolen from Roxas by Marcos’s men.” How much of the Yamashita treasure is still buried, and where, no one knows. Roxas and the Golden Budha Corporation v. Ferdinand E. Marcos and Imelda Marcos, Supreme Court of Hawaii: 89 Hawaii 91, 969 P.2d 1209, filed November 17, 1998; Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner, and Smith, Inc. v. ENC Corporation, United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit: 464 F. 3d 885, filed May 9, 2006.
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