mountains as forming after, 39–40, 65–69
repeated stories of, 164
second round of, 68, 69, 102, 111
White’s visions of, 186
Creation and the Flood (Young), 237–38
creationism, xii–xiii, 11–14, 34, 76, 91, 137–38, 140, 178, 179–99, 225–39
Black Sea flood hypothesis rejected by, 11, 223
communism opposed by, 236–37
dinosaurs in, 179, 180, 181, 189
evolution opposed by, 179–80, 182, 185, 186–87, 189–91, 194, 226, 227, 235, 236–37
geology as viewed by, 180–82, 185; see also flood geology
Grand Canyon as viewed by, 15–16, 22, 24–25, 26–28
miracles invoked by, 187, 228, 238, 249, 253–54, 256
origins of, 181–88
public opinion polls on, 259n
science vs., 12, 179–81, 194–97, 237–39, 245
self-imposed separatism of, 236
young Earth, xii, 11, 190–97, 225–37, 249, 250
see also flood geology; fundamentalism
Creation Museum, 179–81, 245
Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, 91
Critical History of the Old Testament (Simon), 163
Critica Sacra (Sacred Criticism) (Cappel), 161–62
Croft, Herbert, 69
cuneiform tablets, 143–50, 144, 152–54, 222–23
Cuvier, Georges, 83–84, 87–91, 137
catastrophism of, 119–20, 121–22, 125, 130, 133
comparative anatomy practiced by, 87, 88, 89, 127
geological eras recognized by, 118–20
geologic time recognized by, 88–90
regional map created by, 118–19
Daniel, Book of, 50
Danube River, 222
Darrow, Clarence, 190–91
Darwin, Charles, 13, 103, 126, 140, 177, 236
dating methods, 191–93
fossil succession, 90, 118–20, 124–25, 132–33, 187, 191, 194, 196, 229–30, 232–33, 243
radiometric, 5, 17–19, 28, 29, 32, 185, 191–93, 195, 196, 197, 198, 230–31; see also radiocarbon dating
tree-ring record, 181, 193, 231
David, King, 165
day-age theory, 123, 184, 186, 188, 236, 250
Dead Sea, 197
deformation, 17, 21, 31, 33–34, 65, 71, 93–95, 94, 95, 102, 131, 260n
folding, 189, 195–96, 232, 233
orientation of, 94–95, 233–34
rigid, 243
tilting, 19, 60, 71, 94–95, 105, 189
uplift, 19, 94–95, 134, 136, 232, 239
deposition, 8, 21, 26, 59–60, 93, 101–2, 114, 136, 181
of British gravel blanket, 121–22
grand cycle of, 103–9, 110
as horizontal, 20, 60, 61, 71, 105, 108
order of, 20, 26–27, 59, 60, 61, 77, 90, 132–33, 191
Descartes, René, 53–54, 60
soul located in pineal gland by, 57
Deucalion and Pyrrha, 158–59, 172, 217–18
Devonian Period, 95–96, 95
Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (Galileo), 49
Dictionary of the Bible, 170
dikes, see granite veins
diluvialism, 80–84, 120–28, 137–39
diluvium, 122, 128
dinosaurs, 23, 26, 44, 230, 252
in creationism, 179, 180, 181, 189
extinction of, 79, 91, 180, 232, 259n
fossil trackways of, 181, 231–32
Discourse on the Revolutions of the Globe (Cuvier), 119–20
Dissertation on Solids Naturally Enclosed in Solids (Stensen, “Steno”), 61
Dodh Kosi River, 31
Dranse River, 119
drill cores:
of Black Sea floor, 221–22
ice, 181, 213
of Marmara Sea, 222
of sedimentary rock from oil wells, 195
Earth:
age of, xii, 9, 10, 11, 12–13, 18, 28, 40, 49, 53, 90, 96–98, 133, 141, 184, 190–97, 225–37, 249, 250; see also geologic time
in biblical translations, 166–67
Buffon’s cometary origin theory of, 99, 101
Cartesian theory of origin of, 53–54
as center of universe, 45–50, 198
climate changes of, 256
as flat, 50, 191, 198
as habitable ark, 251
internal heat of, 17, 32, 105, 106–7, 110, 196
Latin word for, 167
magnetic field of, 240, 242
predicted end of, 56, 96–98
as prediluvian perfect sphere, 39–40, 65–69, 75–76
rotation of, 83
theoretical cooling of, 239
total water supply of, 55, 66
Ussher’s birthdate for, 64
earthquakes, 53, 111, 134, 135, 172, 229, 232
deep, 242–43
global distribution of, 240, 242–43
nuclear tests vs., 242
tsunamis produced by, 215–17
ecological zonation, 196
Edinburgh, University of, 95, 102, 107
Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, 126–27
Egypt, 89, 96–97, 190, 193, 217–18
flood stories lacked by, 172, 176
Eichhorn, Johann, 164
elephants, 84, 86, 87, 88, 110
old, death position of, 193
Elijah, 97
Elijah ben Asher Levita, 161
Elohim, 166
Encyclopedia Biblica, 168
Engels, Friedrich, 236
England, 65–76, 85–86, 95, 101, 120–41, 143–54, 212, 213
fossils of, 70–71, 80, 118
sedimentary rock in, 103, 118
English Channel, 212
Enki, 155
Enlightenment, 164–65
Enlil, 155
Epochs of Nature (Buffon), 100
“eretz,” 166–67
erosion, 8, 16, 17, 19–20, 21–22, 23, 24, 26, 53, 60–61, 74, 101, 102, 117, 134, 135, 181, 195, 249
grand cycle of, 103–9, 110
of mountains, 93, 95–96, 99
Essay on the Theory of the Earth (Cuvier), 119
Essay Toward a Natural History of the Earth (Woodward), 69, 70, 71–73, 75
Euphrates River, 146, 147, 150–52, 153, 169, 170, 171, 175–76, 223
Evangelical Quarterly, 244
evaporation, 55, 67, 196–97
evaporites, 196–97
Everest, Mount, 9, 17, 31–34
base camp of, 31
fault zones of, 31, 32
height of, 260n
Lhotse Detachment of, 32
name of, 260n
North Col Formation of, 32
Qomolangma Fault of, 32
Qomolangma Formation of, 32–33
radiometric dating of, 32
Ronbuk Formation of, 31–33
Yellow Band of, 32
Everest, Sir George, 260n
evolution, 11, 13, 36, 88–91, 182, 185, 196, 249, 252, 256
Buffon as proponent of, 99
creationist opposition to, 179–80, 182, 185, 186–87, 189–91, 194, 226, 227, 235, 236–37
Creation Museum version of, 179–80
Scopes trial and, 190–91
Examination of Dr. Woodward’s Account of the Deluge, An (Arbuthnot), 72–73
extinctions, 79–91, 118, 126, 138, 185, 263n
of dinosaurs, 79, 91, 180, 232, 259n
of fossil species, 27, 79–80, 87, 88–89, 243
mass, 90–91, 141
species changes shown by, 88–91
Fairbridge, Rhodes, 218
faith, 247–57
reason vs., xii, 34, 36–38, 42–43, 67, 69, 76, 85, 170, 178
faults, 31, 32, 33, 233
fault zones, 31, 32, 233
feldspar, 17
Ferdinand II, Grand Duke of Tuscany, 58–59, 60
field mapping, 194
Fijians, 17
2, 215
fish, 81–82, 252
Fishes’ Complaint and Vindication, The (Scheuchzer), 81–82
Fleming, John, 126–27, 128
flood control, 153
in China, 173–74
flood geology, 10, 176–77, 178, 185–98, 225–39
apparent age doctrine in, 231
fossil record and, 187–89, 191, 228–35, 243
geologic record in, 189, 228–35
Kulp’s refutation of, 194–97, 226
flood geology (continued)
mammoths invoked in, 185, 188–89, 193–94
miracles invoked by, 187, 228, 238
radiocarbon dating disputed by, 230–31
science vs., 187, 188, 191–98, 226–35, 236, 237–39
vapor canopy theory of, 74, 228, 230, 235, 245
Young’s criticisms of, 237–38
see also Price, George McCready
Flood Myths of Early China, The (Lewis), 173–74
flood-prone estuaries, 147, 150–53, 175–76
floods, catastrophic, 8–14, 115–17, 135, 169–74, 198–99, 201–23
backwater, 204, 208–9, 210–11, 213
at Baghdad, 153, 169
of Black Sea, 11, 135, 219–23, 219, 248, 253
deglaciation as source of, 218–23; see also glacial ice dams
geological signature of, 119, 199
geologists’ denials of, 203–4
in Grand Canyon, 28–29
in Hindu cosmology, 159–60
of Irrawaddy River delta, 153
on Mars, 210, 211
in Mesopotamia, 150–53, 160, 169, 170, 171, 174, 175–76, 177, 222–23, 248, 253
see also tsunamis
flood stories, xi–xiv, 8–14, 143–60, 168–78, 199, 212–23, 247–53
actual events transmitted by, 8–9
Akkadian, 154–56
Babylonian, 143–50, 144, 153, 154–59, 168, 170–72
Chinese flood control in, 173–74
compilations of, 171–74
culture-to-culture transmission of, 159, 175
deglaciation as source of, 218–23
differences in, 146–47, 149, 159–60, 170–71
geology and, 169–70, 176–78
global distribution of, 168, 171–74
Greek, 158–59, 172
Hindu, 159–60, 171–72
of Moken sea gypsies, 8
Native American, 23–24, 29, 172, 212–14
oral transmission of, 176
Pacific tsunami, 8, 215–16
plausible reality of, 176
psychological hypotheses of, 168–69
Scandinavian, 214–15
similarities in, 143, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 155–56, 157–59, 172
survivor heroes of, 146, 149, 152, 153–56, 157–60, 171, 174
Tibetan, 7, 14
tsunami, 8, 215–18
Florence, Italy, xiii, 58–63, 62, 132
Accademia del Cimento, 58–59
Folk-lore in the Old Testament (Frazer), 172
fossil assemblages, 119–20, 124–25, 127, 196, 232, 233
fossil record, 118–20, 124–25, 132–33, 137, 243, 249
ecological zonation in, 196
flood geology and, 187–89, 191, 228–35, 243
fossils, xiii, 13, 29, 33–36, 57–63, 72, 79–91, 114, 125, 128–29, 130, 133, 185, 186–87, 191, 228, 229
ammonites, 80, 87, 89, 90, 189
ancient Greek view of, 34–36
apparent age doctrine applied to, 231
biogeography of, 240
comparative anatomy and, 88–89
coprolites, 212–13
coral reefs, 189, 234–35
curative powers attributed to, 57
diluvialist view of, 80–84, 122
English, 70–71, 80, 118
of extinct species, 27, 79–80, 87, 88–91, 243
fecal pellets, 33
fish, 81–82
formation of, 59–60
found in polar regions, 189
fraudulent, 264n
“giant,” 82–87, 88, 137
in Grand Canyon, 16, 22–23, 24, 25, 26, 27
as growing in rocks, 41, 59
Homo diluvii testis, 82–84, 83
human, 122
of invertebrate burrows and tracks, 22–23, 25, 41, 231
Leonardo’s view of, 41–42
mammoth, see mammoths
marine, 26, 33–34, 68–69, 81–82, 118–19, 229
marine, in mountains, 12, 33–35, 41–42, 57–61, 70, 74, 80, 101, 173, 189, 253
as mineral oddities, 58, 81–82
as placed at Creation, 140, 231
plant, 73, 81, 82, 90
as proving global flood, 37, 38, 40, 42, 45, 91, 173
tongue stones, 57–60
trackways, 25, 181, 231
trilobites, 23, 33, 79, 91, 189, 229–30, 245
fossil succession, 90, 118–20, 124–25, 132–33, 187, 191, 194, 196, 229–30, 232–33, 243
France, 57–58, 86, 87–91, 98–101, 118–20, 130, 163–64
Auvergne region of, 131–33, 132, 135, 136
Frazer, James, 172–73
Freiberg Mining Academy, 101
French Revolution, 87–88, 109
Freud, Sigmund, 168–69
fundamentalism, xiii, 10, 182–98, 225–38, 255
biblical inerrancy doctrine of, 183–85, 188, 228, 237
communism opposed by, 236–37
evolution opposed by, 185, 186–87, 189–91
origins of, 182–84
reactionary, 248
sectarianism and, 183
self-imposed isolation of, 184–85, 189–90, 236
varying viewpoints in, 184, 188, 191, 193, 194–97, 236, 250–51
see also creationism; flood geology
Fundamentals, The, 184
Galanopoulos, Angelos, 217–18
Galileo Galilei, 10, 46–50, 51, 53, 54, 58, 61, 74, 99, 100
Gallup Poll, 259n
gap theory, 123, 184, 186, 188, 191, 236, 250
Garden of Eden, 169
dinosaurs in, 179, 180, 181
see also Adam and Eve, story of
garnet, 17
Genesis, Book of, 34, 50, 74, 75–76, 82–83, 87, 106, 122, 133, 135, 139, 140, 152, 177, 188
brevity of, 252
as composite story, 160, 163–68
contradictions in, 163, 165–66, 190
figurative vs. literal interpretations of, 36–43, 44, 62, 65, 67–68, 89, 96–98, 100, 102, 109, 111, 120, 121, 123, 126–27, 128, 129–30, 131, 170, 187–88, 198, 250, 251–52
Jerome’s translation of, 39, 161, 162–63, 166–67
monotheism promoted by, 157, 168, 170–71, 251
names of God in, 164, 166
older sources of, 148, 157, 160, 164
repetitions in, 163, 164
stylistic analyses of, 164, 165
Genesis Flood, The (Whitcomb and Morris), 227–39
geological eras, 109, 114, 118–10, 186, 188
Geological Essays (Kirwan), 110–11
Geological Society of America, 205, 207, 260n
Penrose Medal of, 210
Geological Society of London, 130, 139
Geological Society of Washington, DC, 206–7
Geological Survey, U.S., 207
geologic record, 17–29, 18, 21, 77, 82–84, 91, 120, 133, 141, 189, 230, 234, 249
deciphering, 19–21
in flood geology, 189, 228–35
oldest rocks in, 14, 18, 26
stratigraphic sequence of, 18, 20, 26, 60, 105, 128–29, 136, 189, 196, 209, 229, 232–34
geologic time, 16, 20, 34, 60–61, 88–91, 93–114, 115, 120, 132–37, 180, 186, 188, 189, 233, 239, 243, 249, 256–57
Aristotle’s cycle theory of, 35, 106, 110
biblical chronologies vs., 96–98, 109
Cuvier’s recognition of, 88–90
deep time concept of, 94, 103, 111, 1
14, 250
The Rocks Don't Lie: A Geologist Investigates Noah's Flood Page 28
