The Anglo Saxons at War 800-1066

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The Anglo Saxons at War 800-1066 Page 28

by Paul Hill


  Wheeler, R.E.M. (1935) London and the Saxons. London: Lancaster House

  Whitelock, D. (ed.) (1955) English Historical Documents. London: Routledge

  Index

  Ælfgar, rebel earl of East Anglia and Mercia

  Irish mercenaries

  Ælfheah, ealdorman

  Ælfhere, archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1012)

  Ælfric, archbishop

  Ælfric of Hampshire

  Ælfwold, bishop of Crediton

  Ælfwynn, daughter of Æthelflæd

  Æsc (spear)

  Æthelbald, king of Mercia (716–57)

  Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians

  at Chester

  takes Derby

  Æthelhelm, ealdorman of Wiltshire

  Æthelnoth, ealdorman of Somerset

  Æthelred, ealdorman of Mercia

  Æthelred I, king of Wessex (865–71)

  Æthelred II (979–1016)

  1008 decree

  emergency fortifications

  exile

  naval reforms

  orders ships to London (992)

  ravaging of Lindsey

  St Brice’s Day massacre (1002)

  use of mercenaries

  Æthelric, bishop of Sherbourne

  Æthelric of Bocking

  Æthelweard, chronicler

  Æthelwine, nephew of Earl Leofric

  Æthelwold, challenger to the throne

  Æthelwulf, ealdorman of Berkshire

  Aberlemno Stone, the

  Abingdon abbey

  Alfred the Great (871–99)

  at Ashdown

  at Edington

  capture of London

  death and succession issues

  early campaigns against the Vikings

  military reforms navy

  Alfred, son of Æthelred II murder of (1036)

  ambushes

  Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

  Annals of St Neots

  Appledore, Kent

  Archenfield

  armour

  lamellar

  mail

  difficulties in dating

  method of construction

  square chest patch on Norman garments

  ‘trousered’ byrnie issue

  use as aventails in helmets

  scale

  ‘soft’ armour

  army

  fyrd

  here

  numbers

  recruitment mechanics

  structure

  summoning

  Ashdown, Battle of (871)

  Ashingdon, Battle of (1016)

  askrs see ships

  Asser, Alfred’s biographer

  Athelstan, Ætheling (d. 1014)

  Athelstan, king of England (924–39)

  campaign in Scotland (934)

  laws on burhs

  laws on horses

  relations with Bretons

  Athelstan, king of Kent

  naval victory at Sandwich (851)

  Avebury, ancient monument

  Axbridge

  axes

  Badbury Rings

  Bagsecg, Danish leader

  Baldwin of Flanders

  Bamburgh

  Basing, Battle of (871)

  Bath

  Battle, East Sussex

  Bayeux Tapestry, the

  beacons

  Bede, the Venerable

  Bedford

  Benfleet

  Beorhtric, ealdorman

  Beowulf

  Berkshire

  Bloodaxe, Eric

  Bokerley Dyke

  Bookland

  bows

  evidence for military usage

  literary references

  Brecon Mere, Wales

  Bretons

  Brevis Relatio

  Bridgnorth

  Bridport

  Brunanburh, Battle of (937)

  Battle of Brunanburh (poem)

  Buckingham

  Burghal Hidage see fortifications

  Burgred, king of Mercia (852–74)

  burhs see fortifications

  butsecarls

  Buttington

  Byrhtnoth, ealdorman of Essex

  Canterbury

  Carmen, The

  castles

  cavalry see horses

  Ceolwulf II, puppet king of Western Mercia (874–c. 80)

  ceorls

  Charles the Bald, king of Western Franks (840–77)

  Chester

  Chichester

  Chronicle of Battle Abbey

  Cirencester

  Cnut, king of England and Denmark

  law code II Cnut(1020–3)

  laws against cowardice and desertion

  taxation

  coifs

  Colchester

  common burdens, the

  Comnena, Anna, Byzantine historian

  Coppergate Helmet see helmets

  Cornwall

  cottars

  Cricklade

  crossbows

  Cwichelmslow, Berkshire

  Danegeld

  Danelaw

  daroð (spear)

  Derby

  Devil’s Dyke

  Devon

  Domesday Book

  Dorset

  Dover as supplier of vessels

  duguð (senior warrior)

  Dunnichen, Battle of (685)

  Durham

  Eadmer, historian

  Eadred I, king of the Anglo-Saxons (946–55)

  Edgar the Ætheling (brief recognition as king 1066)

  Edgar the Peaceable, king (959–75)

  naval provision

  rowed on the Dee by subservient leaders

  Edington, Battle of (878)

  Edmund, king of East Anglia

  Edmund I (939–46)

  Edmund II Ironside (1016)

  Edward the Confessor (1042–66)

  discontinues heregeld

  Edward the Elder, king of the Anglo-Saxons (900–24)

  at Farnham

  fleet

  fortification programme

  struggles with Æthelwold

  Tower Type coinage

  Edward the Martyr (975–9)

  Edwy, king in Wessex (955–9)

  Egbert’s Stone

  Egil’s Saga

  Ely

  Emma of Normandy

  Englefield, skirmish at (871)

  Eorpeburnan, burh

  Essex

  Eustace of Boulogne

  Exeter

  Exeter Book

  Farnham, Battle of (894)

  feuding

  Flemings

  fortifications

  Burghal Hidage

  burhs

  garrison strength

  twin fortifications

  Fox, Sir Cyril

  Freeman, E.A., scholar

  Frisians

  Fulford Gate, Battle of (1066)

  fyrd see army

  gafol (tribute payment)

  Gaimar, historian

  Gainsborough

  gar (spear)

  geld see heregeld

  geoguð (youthful warrior)

  Gerald of Wales, historian

  gesiðas (companions)

  Gilling Sword, the

  Glasbury-on-Wye

  Gloucester

  Godwin, earl of Wessex

  gift to Harthacnut

  struggles with King Edward the Confessor

  trial

  Goltho, Lincolnshire

  Greenwich

  Gruffydd ap Llewelyn, king of Gwynedd and Powys

  struggles with Earl Harold

  Guildford

  Guthfrithson, Olaf

  Guthrum the Dane

  baptised as Athelstan

  treaty with Alfred

  Guy, count of Ponthieu

  Gyrth Godwinson

  Hæsten, Danish leader

  Hakon Godwinson, hostage

  Halfdan, son of Ragnar Lothbrok

  Halsall,
Guy

  Hampshire

  Hardrada, Harald, king of Norway see Sigurdsson

  Harefoot, Harold, king of England (1036–40)

  Harold II Godwinson (1066)

  at Hastings ‘Fighting Man’ Standard

  at Stamford Bridge oath taking

  Welsh campaigns

  Harthacnut, king of England (1040–2)

  Hastings as supplier of vessels

  Hastings, Battle of (1066)

  malfosse incident

  Heimskringla see Sturluson, Snorri

  helmets

  Benty Grange Helmet

  Coppergate Helmet

  crested tradition

  Pioneer Helmet

  spangenhelm tradition

  Staffordshire hoard cheek piece

  Sutton Hoo Helmet

  Henry of Huntingdon

  Hereford

  Battle of

  heregeld (army tax)

  herepaths see roads

  heriots

  Hertford

  Hill, Professor David

  Hollister, Warren

  Holme, Battle of

  Holy River, Battle of (1026)

  Holy Roman Empire

  horns

  horses

  Anglo-Saxon usage of

  horse thegns

  legislation

  Norman usage of

  terminology for mounted troops

  hostages

  exchange after Stamford Bridge (1066)

  housecarls

  Hugh, Duke of the Franks

  Huntingdon

  Hythe

  as supplier of vessels

  Hywel Dda

  Icknield Way, the

  Ine of Wessex (688–726)

  law code (No. 21)

  law code (No. 51)

  Ingimund, Norse leader

  injuries

  John of Worcester

  John of Salisbury, historian

  Jomsvikings

  Jomsvikinga Saga

  Kennet, River

  Kent

  Leicester

  Leo IV, Pope (847–55)

  Leofgar, bishop of Hereford

  Leofric, earl of Mercia

  Leofwin Godwinson

  liðsmen

  Liber Eliensis

  Life of St Guthlac

  Life of St Oswald

  Life of St Wilfred

  Lincoln

  Lindsey, ancient district of

  London

  seiges at

  lordship bonds

  Luton

  maces

  mail armour see armour

  Maldon, Battle of (991)

  Battle of Maldon (poem)

  Maldon, burh

  military provision

  malfosse, the see Hastings, Battle of

  Malmesbury

  marching rates

  Marlborough

  Maxims

  mercenaries

  Mercian Register

  Merton, Battle of (871)

  Mervyn of Powys

  metsunge (provisioning of mercenaries)

  Milton Regis

  naval provision see ships

  Nennius, historian

  Norfolk

  Northampton

  Northey Island

  Norwich

  Nottingham

  Offa, king of Mercia (757–96)

  Offa’s Dyke

  Olaf’s Saga

  Ordericus Vitalis

  Oswaldslow (shipsoke)

  Oxford

  Pallig, Danish mercenary

  Pevensey

  Poole Harbour, Dorset

  Ralph, Norman Earl of Herefordshire

  Reading

  Rectitudines Singularum Personarum

  Repton, Derbyshire

  Repton Rider, the

  Rhuddlan

  Riccall

  roads

  ancient track ways

  herepaths

  Roman roads

  Robert of Jumièges

  Rochester

  Romney

  as supplier of vessels

  Ruin, The

  Salisbury

  Sallust, Roman writer

  Sandwich, Kent

  Saucourt, Battle of (881)

  Saxo Grammaticus

  seaxes

  decoration

  scabbards/sheaths

  typologies

  Severn, River

  Sherston, Battle of (1016)

  shields

  decoration

  forms

  provision for on campaign

  ships

  Alfredian reforms

  askrs (Viking warships)

  fighting styles

  naval organisation

  scegð (Anglo-Saxon vessel)

  shipfyrd

  shipscot

  shipsokes

  Shoebury

  Siddorn, Kim

  sieges

  Buttington

  Chester

  London

  Rochester

  Sigurdsson, Harald, king of Norway

  Sihtricson, Olaf

  Simeon of Durham

  Siward, earl of Northumbria

  slings

  soke

  Somerset

  Southampton

  Southwark

  spears

  damage

  punishment for misuse

  terminology

  socket or ferrule features

  ‘wings’

  Staffordshire hoard, the

  Stamford, Lincolnshire

  Stamford Bridge, Battle of (1066)

  standards

  Stigand, archbishop

  stratagems

  strategy

  Strathclyde, kingdom

  Streona, Eadric

  Sturluson, Snorri

  Heimskringla

  Suffolk

  Surrey

  Sutton Hoo

  Swanage

  Swein, king of Denmark

  Swein Godwinson

  swords

  differences in later period from earlier types

  fighting/handling qualities

  fullers

  hilt forms

  in wills and heriots

  inscribed blades

  pattern welding

  Petersen’s typology

  value

  Tacitus, Roman historian

  tactics

  Tadcaster

  Tamworth

  Tanshelf

  Tempsford

  tents

  Tetbury, confrontation at (1051)

  Tettenhall, Battle of (910)

  Thames, River

  Thetford

  Thietmar of Merseburg, historian

  Thorkell the Tall, Dane

  Thorney Island

  Three Fragments (Annals of Ireland)

  Thurbrand the Hold

  Tostig Godwinson

  tot sites

  Towcester

  training of warriors

  Trent, Battle of (679)

  Tryggvason, Olaf

  Uhtred, earl of Northumbria

  Ulfcytel Snilling of East Anglia

  Varangian Guard

  Wace, Robert

  Wallingford

  Wanderer, The

  Wansdyke

  Wareham

  Warwick

  Watling Street

  Wayland’s Smithy

  Wedmore, Treaty of

  Wednesdfield see Tettenhall, Battle of

  Weymouth (burial pit)

  Wheeler, Mortimer

  Wigingamere

  William, Duke of Normandy and king of England (1066–87) at Hastings

  William of Jumièges

  William of Malmesbury

  William of Poitiers

  on Hastings

  wills see heriots

  Wilton

  Wilton, Battle of (871)

  Wiltshire

  Wimbourne, royal centre

  Winchester

  Witham

  W
orcester

  Wroughton

  Wulfnoth Godwinson

  Wulfnoth, South Saxon nobleman

  Yatesbury Lane

  York

 

 

 


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