attention, 178–79, 191–92, 204, 225–34. See also specific researcher
Auberge du Soleil (Napa Valley): Gazzaniga family at, 247–48
audiotape company, Buckley-Gazzaniga, 143
Azrin, Nathan, 137, 137
babies: and basic principles of the brain, 337–38
Bacon, Francis, 14, 133
Baddeley, Alan, 310, 310n
Baird, Abigail, 308–9, 310
Baldwin, James: Caltech visit by, 92
Baldwin, Maitland, 38
Barzun, Jacques, 334
Batt, Flo, 281
Baynes, Kathy, 209–11, 266, 271
Bazell, Robert, 230
BBC: conjoined twins special on, 224, 267
behavioral neurology: Geschwind as father of, 49, 53
Benzer, Seymour, 21
Berger, Ed, 297
Berlucchi, Giovanni, 81, 91, 92–96, 94, 97, 100
Bernal, Sara, 345
Bernstein, Leonard: and orchestra metaphor, 353–54
Berry, Graham, 88
Biba’s (Sacramento restaurant), 284
The Big Bang Theory (TV show), 19
biochemistry, 142–43
biology: layering and, 350–51
Biology Department (Caltech): Gazzaniga’s talk to, 61
Bird, Lois, 73
The Bisected Brain (Gazzaniga and Towe), 118
Bizzi, Emilio, 251–52, 280
Black, Ira, 189, 212, 214, 315–16
Blakemore, Colin, 104–5, 309
blindness: technology and, 175–79
“blindsight,” 176–77
block test, Kohs, 62–63, 64–65, 66, 67, 71, 72, 87, 129
Bloom, Floyd, 303
Bogen, Glenda, 22
Bogen, Joseph: and advances in science, 77–78; and beginning of split-brain surgery, 20, 39; Caltech lab talk by, 41; Caltech postdoctoral appointment of, 22–23; and early reports about split-brain research, 77; Gazzaniga’s relationship with, 22–23, 39, 49; influence on split-brain research of, 38–39, 41; and N.G. case, 87; picture of, 39; and sensory-motor integration studies, 67; and Sperry’s initial interest in split-brain research, 60, 73; and Sperry’s publishing story, 53–54; and Sperry’s views about emergence, 345; and standard neuropsychological testing, 63–65; and W.J. case, 38–39, 77
“Bogen line,” 23
BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) response, 305, 305n
Bolis, Liana, 237–38
Bollinger, Lee, 285
Bonner, James, 24, 106
Boston Society of Neurology and Psychiatry, 50
Boy Scouts, 292
Bozell, L. Brent, 29–30
BRAF gene, 351
brain: basic principles of, 337–39; changes in framing of issues about, 334–37; command central in, 69–70; connectivity patterns in, 340; differences between monkey and human, 147; as dynamic system, 126–27; environment and, 212; fixed versus plastic, 335–37; future of research about, 354–55; linear view of, 341–42, 350, 353, 354, 357; malleability of, 338–39; mapping of human, 235–39; Morse code of the, 92–96; as prewired, 338; processing speed of, 340; as simple and organized, 114–15; size of, 340; structure of, 340. See also specific research, researcher, or topic
“brain death,” 320
brain imaging: advances in, 310; attention studies and, 226; as confirming split-brain surgery, 193–97; and Dartmouth’s Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, 297–303; data base for experiments with, 303–6; and future of neuroscience, 336; and launching of cognitive neuroscience, 185, 205–6; and Posner’s attention studies, 191, 192; and specialization in brain, 354; Tulving’s studies and, 276, 277. See also specific technique
Brain journal, 53
brain waves, 264, 272–74
brainprints, 235–39, 245
Brecha, Nicholas, 142–43
Britton, Ken, 261
Broca, Paul, 41
Brown, Jerry, 109n
Brown, Pat, 109, 109n
Bruer, John, 200
Buckley, Pat, 237, 238
Buckley, William F., Jr.: Allen debate with, 29, 30–32, 31, 282; Baldwin debate with, 92; and computer technology, 197–98; dinner parties with, 135–37; dogs of, 237–38; and Firing Line interviews with scientists, 137–38, 137; Gazzaniga’s audiotape company with, 143; and Gazzaniga’s move to New York City, 117; Gazzaniga’s relationship with, 28, 91, 197; and Graduate Committee for Political Education, 27, 28–29; influence on Gazzaniga of, 29; Pauling lawsuit against, 9; personality and character of, 29; and physical fitness program, 198; scientific interests of, 28; Sharon visit by, 292; in Switzerland, 237–38
Burns, James MacGregor, 30
Bush, George H. W., 326
Bush, George W., 312, 313–14, 320, 323. See also President’s Council on Bioethics
“Butterflies of Davis” (Tulving paintings), 276
California Institute of Technology (Caltech): ambience/culture at, 5–6, 12–13, 18–19, 66–67; differences between graduate and undergraduate students at, 19; and Gazzaniga-father relationship, 12; Gazzaniga’s departure from, 78, 91; Gazzaniga’s graduate work at, 13, 17–26; Gazzaniga’s undergraduate internship at, 3, 5–9, 10; influence on Gazzaniga of, 32; Mead’s comments about men at, 18–19. See also J. Alfred Prufrock House; Sperry (Roger) Laboratory; specific person
Cambridge Union Debating Society: Buckley-Baldwin debate at, 92
cancer, 332–34, 350–51
Caramazza, Alfonso, 285
Cardigan Mountain School, 308
Carpinteria, California: Gazzaniga home in, 107–8, 331
case studies: importance of, 32–33; and researcher-patient relationship, 87–88. See also specific case
Catholicism, 26–27, 89, 316–17, 320, 325
cats: Berlucci-Gazzaniga research on, 95; memory of, 74; and origins of split-brain research, 42–43; probability game and, 295; and sensory-motor integration studies, 67–68, 69, 74; Sperry’s experiments with, 39, 46, 47, 67–68, 69
“cause-and-effect” explanations, 153
Caux, Switzerland: Gazzaniga’s sabbatical in, 236–37
CBS Evening News (TV show), 136
Center for Cognitive Neuroscience (Dartmouth College), 296–303
Center for Group Dynamics (MIT), 121–22
Center for Neuroscience (University of California, Davis), 253, 262
“central dogma,” 40
cerebral commissurotomy. See split-brain research
Chalupa, Leo, 211, 251, 252–54, 255–56, 259, 272, 275, 280, 284
Changeux, Jean-Pierre, 211
Chapman, Barbara, 261
chemoaffinity process, 46
chimpanzees, 45, 101, 128–30, 131
Chin, Octavia, 20
Chomsky, Noam, 181–82, 182n
Circle of Willis, 8
City College of New York, 117
Clark, Andy, 340–41
Clever Hans (horse), 219, 220
cloning, 318–19, 321–26
cognition: and advances in science, 78; attention and, 228; and basic principles of the brain, 338; and copying of hand gestures, 84, 88; emotions and, 79; and modularity of the brain, 341; Sperry’s comments about, 345
“cognitive dissonance” theory, 116, 122–25
cognitive neuroscience: attention as grand challenge of, 228; brain imaging techniques and, 185, 205–6; conferences/meetings about, 186–90; and Cornell “program project” grant, 211; development of field of, 203–6; dinner parties about, 184, 192–93; funding for, 185–86, 185, 200; guiding ideas of, 185; importance of, 190; interdisciplinary nature of, 186–90; launching of field of, 182–90; meaning of term, 185; summer institutes in, 280–82, 281, 297. See also specific person or organization
Cognitive Neuroscience Institute, 186, 211–12
Cognitive Neuroscience Society, 282–84, 283, 311
cognitive psychology, 161, 161n
cognitive science: interdisciplinary interests in, 280; Miller’s report about, 185–86, 185
Colby, Ke
n, 108
Coleman, Sidney, 17, 18, 21
Collingwood, R. G., 121
Colvin, Molly, 309, 310
command central: in brain, 69–70
complexity: and advances in science, 78; and challenges concerning the brain, 351; emergence and, 342; and future of neuroscience, 335; language as way to look at, 4–5; layering and, 5; and modern brain science, 40–41; modularity and, 342; naming and, 5; and public dialogue, 32; and summing up of Gazzaniga’s research, 361. See also reductionism
computer-based publishing, 215
computer science, 303, 347
computer technology, 197–98, 200
consciousness: and basic principles of the brain, 338, 339; function of, 150; as interpreter, 114, 150–51, 361; and language and speech studies, 174–75; layering and, 348; modularity and, 341, 342
conservatives. See Graduate Committee for Political Education (Caltech); specific person
consonants/vowels study, Sergent’s, 220–22
controller: modularity and, 341
coping mechanisms, 122
Corballis, Michael, 310, 310n
Corballis, Paul, 295, 308
Cornell University Medical College: and brain imaging techniques, 195–96; Gazzaniga leaves, 207–9; Gazzaniga’s early years at, 155, 157–60; Gazzaniga’s sabbatical from, 236–37; “program project” grant for, 211; reputation of, 195–96; rounds at, 158, 183. See also specific person or research
corpus callosum: and beginning of split-brain research, 42, 43, 45, 49; Berlucchi-Gazzaniga studies about, 92–96; and brain imaging techniques, 193–97; brainprints and, 239; classical anatomy of, 239–40; and correcting scientific errors, 300, 300, 302, 302; cutting of, 140; and Dartmouth split-brain patients, 140; and development of cognitive neuroscience, 203; electrophysiology and, 205; emotions and, 151; function of, 43, 45, 96, 146; Gazzaniga’s interest in, 14–17; Gazzaniga’s question about, 14; gliablastoma multiforme and, 50; importance of, 52; Mangun’s studies and, 264; modularity and, 342; organization of, 239–44; and semi-split mind, 239–44; smiles and, 245; and Stony Brook patients, 145–46; visual system and, 92–96, 301. See also split-brain research; specific scientist or case
cortex: brainprints and, 239; “equipotentiality” of, 16; Hutsler’s study of, 272, 273, 274; of identical twins, 239; Lashley’s research on, 16; Mangun’s studies and, 264; patients with lesions in right parietal, 159–60; and semi-split mind, 239–40
Cortex: Gazzaniga’s investment in, 257
cow conversation, of Holtzman-Gazzaniga, 164–65
CRAF protein, 351
creative process: Allen’s discussions about, 103–4, 143–44
Crick, Francis, 40, 45, 188–89, 190, 252, 253
crime: Gazzaniga’s article about prevention of, 108–9
Cronkite, Walter, 136
cross-cueing, 79–83, 105–6, 125–26, 126, 216, 219, 221–22
CT scans: limitations of, 193–94
cueing: and beginnings of left brain/right brain distinction, 79; and challenges to two minds idea, 134, 135; conjoined twins and, 267; and copying hand gestures, 84–87; emotions and, 80, 81–83, 89; and future of neuroscience research, 360; goal-directed behavior and, 86–87; as improving over time, 224, 225; and orchestra metaphor, 354; and sensory-motor integration studies, 70–71, 72, 79–87; Sergent’s studies and, 219–20; speech/language and, 82–83, 267–68; visual system and, 80, 81–83, 84–87. See also cross-cueing; self-cueing
Dabney, Walter, 198, 199–200
Damasio, Antonio, 50, 287–88
Damasio, Hannah, 287–88
Dardanelles (New York City restaurant), 120, 161
Dartmouth cases. See East Coast cases; specific case
Dartmouth College: Center for Cognitive Neuroscience at, 296–303; and cognitive neuroscience as nationally recognized program, 293; cognitive neuroscience psychology department at, 285–86; departmental/faculty meetings at, 293; Gazzaniga as dean of faculty at, 326–27; Gazzanga family award for top graduating scientist at, 327; Gazzaniga as undergraduate at, 3, 13–17, 19, 26–27; Gazzaniga leaves, 327; Gazzaniga’s honorary degree from, 326, 327; Gazzaniga’s return to, 284–86, 289; as going co-ed, 306–7; research funding for, 293. See also Alpha Delta Phi (Animal House); Dartmouth Medical School; specific person
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 210, 332
Dartmouth Medical School: funding for Gazzaniga’s lab at, 211; Gazzaniga’s application for, 139; Gazzaniga’s appointment at, 235; Gazzaniga’s lectures at, 138–39; Gazzaniga’s move to, 207–8, 209–10; and Gazzaniga’s move to UC Davis, 247, 248; Gazzaniga’s return to, 263; Gazzaniga’s studies at, 207; and Grafton hire, 298; interest in Gazzaniga’s studies by, 235; and “program project” grant, 211; setting up of Gazzaniga lab for, 209–11; split-brain patients at, 139–42, 139; summer institutes in cognitive neuroscience at, 280–81. See also Mary Hitchcock Foundation; Pike House; specific person
Darwin, Charles, 355–56
Davidson, Donald, 345
death: Gazzaniga’s views about, 333–34
Deck, Michael, 194, 196
Dejerine, Joseph, 52
Delbrück, Max, 21, 25–26
Dennett, Daniel, 107
“diagnostic dyspraxia,” 64
Didion, Joan, 119
diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), 196–97
dinner parties, 135–37, 184, 192–93, 244, 247, 292
Dirt Cowboy (Hanover restaurant), 303, 306
DNA, 17, 17n, 40, 45, 318n, 337, 355
documentaries, filming of science, 143–44
dogs, 237–38, 295, 338
Dolly (sheep): cloning of, 325
Dombey, Norman, 17, 18, 21
Dos Passos, John, 91–92
dot-matrix picture example, 345–46
“double simultaneous extinction,” 159–60, 173
Doyle, John, 346, 347, 349, 350
D.R. (case), 78, 84, 85–86, 222–23, 246
Dulbecco, Renato, 21, 21n
DuPont, Pierre S., 180–81
East Coast cases, 147, 223. See also specific case or researcher
E.B. (case), 239–40
Edwards, Dr., 64
EEGs, 204, 263, 320
Einstein, Albert, 287
Eisenhower, Dwight, 298
elections of 1964, 91–92
electronic technology, 197–98, 200
electrophysiology: development of, 203–4
Eleganza motor home, GMC, 147, 170–72, 171, 206, 207
Eliassen, Jim, 265
Ellsberg, Daniel, 136
emergence, 342–45, 347
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 77
emotions: and challenges to two minds idea, 132, 134; cognition and, 79; corpus callosum and, 151; cueing and, 80, 81–83, 89; Gazzaniga’s views about, 169; and human reactions to sexual pictures, 89–90; interpreter theory and, 151–52; LeDoux’s work on neuroscience of, 139, 147, 170; “normative systems” and, 132; visual system and, 81–83
environment: brain and, 212
epilepsy, 15–16, 77. See also specific case
Erlbaum, Larry, 212, 213
errors, scientific, 216, 299–303
Estes, Rusty, 235
ethical issues: Gazzaniga’s views about, 317. See also President’s Council on Bioethics
event-related potentials (ERPs), 204, 225–26
evolution, Darwin’s theory of, 355–56
“executive hiring,” 285–86, 289
“extinguished stimuli,” 176
extra-pyramidal system, 245
eye movements: Smith’s measurement of, 14
eye tracker, 161–62, 162, 176–77, 208, 269, 269
faces: detection of, 295–96, 339
“facilitated variation,” 356–57
faculty meetings: Gazzaniga’s views about, 293, 327
Farah, Martha, 178
feedback: and challenges to two minds idea, 134–35
Fendrich, Bob, 208–9, 210
Festinger, Leon
: archaeological interests of, 205; Buckley’s Firing Line interview with, 137, 137; and cognitive dissonance theory, 116, 122–25; control comment by, 255; diversification of interests of, 117; and eye tracker, 161, 162, 175; French Foreign Legion story of, 26; Gazzaniga-Schachter book about, 120; Gazzaniga’s lunches/relationship with, 116–17, 120–21, 120, 124–25, 161; influence on Gazzaniga of, 121, 124–25, 127, 131; influence on psychology of, 182; at interdisciplinary meetings, 187–88, 187, 189; and Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 213; and Keech prophecy, 122–24; Lewin’s work with, 121–22; at MIT, 121–22; at New School for Social Research, 116, 117; New York City move of, 116; projects and studies of, 121–24; and public-private self, 48; risk-taking of, 116; social psychology interests of, 121; Stanford graduate seminars of, 116–17; and supervene-supersede discussion, 345; two minds concept and, 131; and University Consortium on Perception, 117; and violence meeting, 108
Feynman, Richard P., 3, 17, 18, 66–67, 203, 251
Filbey, Robert, 98
filming: and beginning of distinctions between left brain/right brain, 61–67; and Gazzaniga’s departure from Caltech, 78; of science documentaries, 143–44; and sensory-motor integration studies, 68, 70, 71; of smiles study, 245–46
Firing Line (TV show): Buckley’s interviews with scientists on, 137–38, 137
Fitts, Paul, 190
flood prophecy, Keach, 122–24
fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), 204, 305–6, 309, 310
fMRIDC (functional brain imaging data center), 304–6
Forbes magazine, 162, 165
Ford Foundation, 122
Fraser, Dick, 198
free will, 106–7, 216–19
Freedman, James O., 248
Funnell, Jamie, 308
Funnell, Margaret, 301, 307–8, 309
Galambos, Robert, 204
Gallistel, Randy, 296
Gazzaniga, Al (brother), 11
Gazzaniga, Anne (daughter), 118–19
Gazzaniga, Charlotte (second wife): and Black’s stem cell discussion, 315; Boy Scouts and, 292; and carbonara recipe, 173; and climbing Mount Rainier, 198, 199; dinner parties and, 136, 192, 244, 247; and Eleganza motor home, 172; first child of, 169; Gazzaniga’s marriage to, 166–67, 167, 311; Gazzaniga’s noonday martinis with, 120; and Gazzaniga’s prostate cancer, 333; Holtzman and, 163, 169; and Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 213, 214–15, 282; and Marin’s wedding, 290–91; New York City life and, 206; and Norwich home, 206–7; and researcher-patient relationship, 244; and Sharon home, 290–91; smiles study and, 244–46; and Switzerland sabbatical, 236; and UC Davis move, 247, 255, 258
Tales from Both Sides of the Brain : A Life in Neuroscience (9780062228819) Page 40
