by Frank Close
burning 76, 109–10, 124
gamma radiation 26
neutrinos emissions 47
origins of 111–15
primeval 11
strange antiquarks 127
strange particles 9, 10, 64, 65, 72, 92–105, 103
strange quarks 9, 10, 92, 95, 96, 98
strings 5
strong force 4, 6, 8, 81, 83–4, 117
carriers 89–91
colour charges 85–6, 87
strangeness and 93
Sun 6, 11, 13, 17
electron-neutrinos 122, 123
fundamental forces and 84, 124
hot gas emissions 26
ionized atoms 18, 36
and life on Earth 106
neutrino emissions 41, 42–3, 74, 76, 108
nuclear fusion 107–11, 122
plasma 108, 126
radiation 23
sunshine 84, 107, 108
superconducting magnets 52, 54
superheated liquid 65, 69
SuperKamiokande experiment 74
supernovas 11, 21, 47, 111
supersymmetry (SUSY) 114, 118–21, 124
synchrocyclotrons 50
synchrotron radiation 58
synchrotrons 52, 53, 54, 57
T
tau-neutrinos 100, 122
taus 9, 10
telescopes 9, 16
television 28, 62
temperature 18, 113
electromagnetic radiation 114
energy and 17–19, 22
ionization and 36
matter and 17
of the universe 20, 41, 82, 112–14
wavelength and 26
TeV (teraelectronvolts) scale 17, 20, 27, 59, 126
Tevatron, Fermilab 52, 54, 73, 117, 125
thermal equilibrium 112
Thomson, J.J. 29
time 20, 38, 72, 128, 129
time dilation 50, 61
top quarks 9, 10, 73, 98, 103
transmutation 5, 6, 9, 84, 106
U
UA1 detector, CERN 70
ultraviolet radiation 23, 110
universe:
dark matter 116–17, 121
expansion of 20, 41, 82, 112–13, 114
extra dimensions 5, 128–9
matter and antimatter 45, 102–5, 126–8
origins of 111–15
scale of 12–13 see also Big Bang; fundamental forces; neutrinos
up quarks 37, 38, 39, 40, 45, 95, 96, 98, 99
uranium 4, 42, 83
W
W bosons 87–9, 90, 110, 124
W particle 70
water 1, 74, 107
wavelengths 22–7, 39
weak force 5, 6, 8, 10, 58–9, 70, 81, 123, 127
carriers 87–90, 101, 114, 118, 124
neutrons and protons 83–4
slowness of solar burning 109–10, 124 see also beta decay
Wells, H. G. 129
wino 119
wire spark chambers 70–1
X
X-ray crystallography 24
X-rays 23, 24, 26, 64
Y
Yukawa, Hideki 45
Z
Z bosons 87–9, 90, 101, 114, 124
zino 119
