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by Brenda Wineapple


  Young, James Harvey. “Anna Elizabeth Dickinson and the Civil War: For and Against Lincoln.” Mississippi Valley Historical Review 31 (June 1944): 59–80.

  Zuczek, Richard. “The Federal Government’s Attack on the Ku Klux Klan: A Reassessment.” South Carolina Historical Magazine 97 (January 1996): 47–64.

  ———. State of Rebellion: Reconstruction in South Carolina. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1996.

  Zunder, Theodore A. “Whitman Interviews Barnum.” Modern Language Notes 48 (January 1933): 40.

  INDEX

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  Abbott, Henry Livermore, 284

  Abolition Party, 126

  Across the Continent with the Kansas Pacific Railroad, Eastern Division (Gardner), 510

  Adams, Abigail, 450

  Adams, Charles Francis, Jr., 29, 185, 191, 238, 244, 432, 434, 480, 492, 499, 500, 503, 565

  Adams, Charles Francis, Sr., 5, 430

  Adams, Daniel Lucius “Doc,” 563, 564, 565

  Adams, Henry, 1–2, 31, 176, 185, 244, 376, 430–32, 440, 444, 445, 466, 477, 478, 480, 492, 512, 517, 526, 528–29, 588

  Adams, John, 1, 7, 8–9, 487

  Adams, John Quincy, 1–11, 16, 19, 27–28, 32, 50, 75–76, 126–27, 143, 221, 223–24, 225, 303, 305, 562, 593

  Adams, Louisa, 4

  Adams, Marian “Clover” Hooper, 376, 386, 387, 526, 586

  Aesop, 68

  Agamemnon, 99–100

  Agassiz, Alexander, 526

  Agassiz, Elizabeth Cabot Cary, 514

  Agassiz, Louis, 513–15, 523–24, 526

  agriculture, 171–72, 198, 252, 408, 447, 430

  Aiken, William, 403

  Akerman, Amos, 490, 491–92

  Akin, Warren, 356, 358

  Alabama, 75, 154, 165, 169, 178, 185, 187, 188, 397, 405, 407, 435

  Alabama, 481–82, 488

  “Alabama platform,” 165–66

  Albany Atlas & Argus, 135

  Albany Evening Journal, 31

  Alcott, Bronson, 82, 130–31, 176, 260, 270

  Alcott, Louisa May, 82, 257, 260–61, 265

  Alger, Horatio, Jr., 396

  ambrotypes, 214–15

  American Anti-Slavery Society, 91, 462–63, 546

  American Equal Rights Association, 453, 455, 456, 457, 461

  American Land Company and Agency, 435–37

  American Museum, 78, 101, 143, 163, 199

  American Telegraph Company, 209

  American Woman Suffrage Association, 464–65, 469, 472, 473

  Ames, Adelbert, 497, 572, 587, 588, 589

  Ames, Oakes, 503–4

  Amistad, 4

  Amnesty Proclamation (1865), 396–97, 400

  Anderson, Robert, 183–84, 199–200

  Andersonville Prison, 11, 378, 379–82, 427, 502

  Andrew, John A., 246, 316, 434–35, 436

  Andrews, Sidney, 397–98

  Andrews, Stephen Pearl, 469–70

  Andy’s Trip to the West, Together with a Life of Its Hero (Nast and Locke), 423–24

  Anglo African Magazine, 37

  Anthony, Scott J., 531

  Anthony, Susan B., 11, 343, 450–54, 457, 459–61, 463–66, 473, 474, 494

  Antietam, Battle of, 210, 215, 218–19, 233, 244, 246, 256, 257, 271, 272 274–75, 279, 311, 313, 326, 340, 395, 432, 508, 574

  anti-Semitism, 253–54, 291, 477

  Apache Indians, 535, 549, 550

  Appeal in Favor of That Class of Americans Called Africans, An (Child), 142–43, 592

  “Appeal of the Independent Democrats in Congress to the People of the United States” (Chase and Giddings), 67–68

  Appomattox, Surrender at, 11, 363–66, 369, 372, 382, 393, 427, 483, 529, 540, 544, 586

  Aranda, Count d’, 487

  Arapaho Indians, 511, 530, 531, 532–33, 535, 538

  Arctic Explorations (Kane), 84

  Argyll, Duchess of, 481

  Arkansas, 158, 159, 166, 190, 201, 300, 307, 331, 405, 569

  Arkansas State Gazette, 174–75

  Armed Liberty, 346–47

  Army, U.S., 85, 109–11, 153, 251, 550

  Army and Navy Journal, 215

  Army Corps of Topographical Engineers, U.S., 85, 153, 515–17, 521–23

  Army of Georgia, 385

  Army of Kentucky, 299

  Army of Northern Virginia, 232, 258, 275–80, 339, 363–66

  Army of Tennessee (Confederate), 335, 357

  Army of the Cumberland, 298–99

  Army of the Ohio, 299

  Army of the Potomac, 206, 230–33, 257–59, 274–80, 319, 385, 386

  Army of the Shenandoah, 340–42

  Army of the Tennessee (Union), 299, 385, 395

  Arnold, Benedict, 31

  Arnold, Samuel, 373, 374–75, 378

  Articles of Confederation, 181

  Ashley, James, 305, 306, 343, 344, 493

  Associated Press, 213

  Astor, John Jacob, 54

  Atchison, David Rice, 65, 74

  Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad, 308

  Atlanta, Ga., 324, 332, 335–36, 355, 401, 412

  Atlantic Monthly, 170, 226, 269, 270, 271, 307, 487, 508, 517, 520

  Attaway, Allan, 564

  Atzerodt, George, 373, 374–75

  Augusta, Ga., 398, 400, 406, 563–64, 574, 579

  Babcock, Orville E., 483, 484

  Báez, Buenaventura, 483, 484, 485

  Bailey, Gamaliel, 47, 52–53

  Baird, Absalom, 412, 413

  Baker, Eugene, 545, 546

  Baker, Frank, 225

  Ballou, Maturin, 214

  Ball’s Bluff, Battle of, 326, 362

  Baltimore, Md., 7, 25, 54, 166–67, 326

  Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 206

  Baltimore Sun, 57

  Bancroft, George, 67, 95

  Banks, Nathaniel, 238, 300

  Bannock Indians, 530

  Baptists, 175, 340

  “Barbara Frietchie” (Whittier), 420

  Barnum, P. T., 11, 77–80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 101, 132, 143, 163, 199, 242, 458, 478, 489, 503, 511, 514, 530

  Barton, Clara, 262–64, 265, 266, 273, 424, 461–62

  Bates, Edward, 162, 165, 191, 315, 374

  “Battle Cry of Freedom, The,” 230, 362

  “Battle-hymn of the Republic” (Howe), 464

  Battle of the Clouds, 299

  Battle-Pieces (Melville), 427

  Beach, Moses Yale, 37, 42

  Beadle, Erastus, 510

  Beaufort, S.C., 245, 392, 398, 404

  Beauregard, Pierre G. T., 18–19, 199–200, 204, 206, 224, 253, 279, 432

  Bee, Barnard, 205

  Beecher, Catharine, 47, 470, 471

  Beecher, Henry Ward, 55, 131, 135, 162, 314, 395, 453, 457, 459, 468–73

  Beecher, Lyman, 47

  Belknap, William W., 550, 554

  Bell, John, 167–68, 170, 295, 308

  Belmont, August, 476

  Ben-Hur (Wallace), 377

  Benjamin, Judah, 119–20, 173–74, 182, 253–54, 352, 353–54, 361, 371–72

  Bennett, James Gordon, 89, 154, 212, 306, 422

  Bennett, John Cook, 105

  Benton, Thomas Hart, 5, 7, 61, 67, 85–86, 87, 88, 327

  Berkeley, George, 487

  Bible, 1, 7, 44, 59, 74, 80, 115, 144, 189, 272, 308, 347, 348, 350, 377, 406, 483, 515

  Bickerdyke, Mary Ann, 264, 387

  Bigelow, Charles Henry, 153–54

  Birth of a Nation, The, 427

  Bismarck, Otto von, 342

  Black, Jeremiah, 95, 183–84

  Blackburn’s Ford, 202, 217

  Blackfoot Indians, 545, 555

  Black Friday (1869), 477–80

  Black Hills, 552–53, 557

  Black Kettle, 531, 532, 541

  Blacks
tone, William, 68

  Black Warrior, 62, 64

  Blackwell, Henry, 456

  Blaine, James G., 504, 579–80, 590

  Blair, Francis Preston, Jr., 87, 163, 214, 227–29, 251, 309, 448, 498

  Blair, Francis Preston, Sr., 352

  Blair, Montgomery, 191, 199, 227, 309, 311, 323, 590

  Blake, or the Huts of America (Delany), 37

  Blithedale Romance, The (Hawthorne), 42–44, 47, 49, 51

  Bloomer, Amelia Jenks, 103

  Blunt, James, 330

  Board of Indian Commissioners, 542–43, 546, 549–50

  Boggs, Lilburn W., 104–5

  Bogus Laws, 75

  “Bohemian Brigade,” 210

  Bolívar, Simón, 17

  bonds, government, 309, 315, 316, 318

  Booth, Edwin, 371

  Booth, John Wilkes, 147, 367–80, 381, 382, 415

  Booth, Junius Brutus, 371

  “border ruffians,” 74, 128, 447, 573

  Border States, 167, 169, 185, 186, 191, 200–201, 226, 228, 229–30, 234, 236, 239, 243–44, 245, 269–71, 300, 317

  Boston, Mass., 8, 72, 76, 123, 135, 142, 175, 244, 246–47, 270, 302, 325, 326, 430, 459, 546, 570

  Boston Associates, 151

  Boston Daily Advertiser, 153, 409

  Boston Daily Atlas, 64

  Boston Daily Journal, 570

  Boston Evening Transcript, 508

  Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society, 302

  Boston Herald, 153

  Bostonians, The (James), 304

  Boston Journal, 210

  Boston Post, 458

  Boutwell, George, 448, 477, 480

  Bowles, Samuel, 146, 493, 510–11

  Bozeman Trail, 534, 536

  Brackett, Harriet, 149, 150

  Brady, Mathew, 40–41, 79, 163–64, 214–18, 521

  Bragg, Braxton, 275, 298, 335

  Breckinridge, John C., 166–67, 170

  Brewer, William, 515–16

  Brisbane, William Henry, 245

  Brook Farm, 42–44, 283, 391, 392, 436

  Brooklyn, N.Y., 55, 82, 162, 163, 213

  Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 177, 469

  Brooks, Noah, 213, 297, 368, 384

  Brooks, Preston, 75, 186, 301

  Brooks, Van Wyck, 513

  Brougham, Henry Lord, 91

  Brown, Benjamin Gratz, 492, 498–99

  Brown, John, 20, 73, 75, 127–32, 138–48, 154–55, 156, 157, 159, 161, 163, 165, 175, 186, 202–3, 222, 235–36, 247, 251, 253, 256–57, 276, 326, 328, 349, 371, 395, 435, 532

  Brown, Olympia, 457

  Brown, William Wells, 48, 243

  Browne, Junius Henri, 212, 213

  Browning, Orville H., 191, 229

  Brownlow’s Knoxville Whig, 174

  Brownson, Orestes, 32, 36

  Bruin and Hill (slave traders), 54

  Brulé Indians, 547, 550

  Bryant, John Emory, 400

  Bryant, William Cullen, 36, 39, 67, 175, 493, 500

  Buchanan, James, 18, 34, 58, 61, 62–63, 64, 84, 88, 89–90, 93, 94, 95–96, 97, 100, 108–10, 113, 119, 121–22, 137, 166, 176, 182–84, 377, 486, 581

  Buckner, Simon, 231, 275

  buffalo herds, 511–12, 513, 530, 536, 540, 544, 553

  Bulfinch, Charles, 8

  Bull Run (Manassas), First Battle of, 201–5, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 212, 213, 217, 219–20, 221, 222, 223, 226, 231, 233, 253, 279, 284, 318, 339, 395, 412, 432, 574

  Bull Run (Manassas), Second Battle of, 237–38, 256, 262, 274–75, 276, 313, 407

  Bunker Hill, Battle of, 8, 221

  Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S., 537, 550

  Burke, Edmund, 97

  Burns, Anthony, 72, 76, 84

  Burnside, Ambrose E., 212, 257–59, 274, 287–88

  Burr, Aaron, 327

  Burroughs, John, 477

  Butler, Andrew, 75

  Butler, Benjamin F., 152, 166, 224–27, 233, 236, 242, 292, 380, 403, 415, 422, 423, 467, 572

  Butler, Matthew C., 563, 564, 565, 572, 573

  Butterfield, Daniel, 478, 480

  Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 111

  Cabell, James Branch, 241–42, 429

  Cable, George Washington, 313

  Cain, Richard Harvey, 565

  Calaveras Grove, 507, 508

  Caldwell, Charles, 572

  Calhoun, John C., 7, 19, 41, 60, 180–81, 289, 575

  California, 16, 26, 29, 33, 71, 85–87, 108–9, 120, 166, 187, 227, 325, 431–32, 458, 507–10, 512, 515–21, 527

  California Geological Survey, 515–16

  Cameron, Simon, 191, 208–9, 212, 226, 234

  Campbell, John Archibald, 344, 352

  Campbell, Robert, 18

  Camp Floyd, 110–11

  Canada, 39, 57, 130, 142, 289, 320, 371–72, 378, 481–82, 487, 488, 506

  Canby, Edward R. S., 550–51

  capitalism, 151, 156, 172, 400, 402, 403, 405, 434–37, 444, 492, 551–52, 593

  Capitol, U.S., 6, 193, 304, 346–50, 386, 493, 510

  Carnegie, Andrew, 208–9

  Carter, John M., 573

  Casey, James F., 496

  Cass, Lewis, 183

  catastrophism, 523–25

  Catholics, 88, 299, 378, 543

  Catron, John, 90

  Cavalry Corps of the Potomac, 340

  Cazneau, Jane McManus Storm, 37

  Cazneau, William L., 483

  Cedar Creek, Battle of, 341

  Cedar Mountain, Battle of, 238, 246, 262, 311

  Cemetery Hill, 276, 278, 294

  Centennial International Exhibition (1876), 523, 555–56, 562

  Central Pacific Railroad, 433, 516

  Centreville, Va., 202, 203–4, 231

  Chaffee, Calvin Clifford, 90

  Chamberlain, Daniel, 563, 565–69, 575–78, 582–83, 584, 587

  Chancellorsville, Battle of, 267–68, 274–75, 311, 326, 362, 388, 395, 407

  Chandler, Zachariah, 311, 485

  Channing, William Ellery, 36

  Charles I, king of England, 353

  Charles X, king of Spain, 61

  Charleston, S.C., 165–66, 167, 171–72, 182–84, 187, 199–200, 210, 274, 342–43, 393, 400, 406, 435, 565, 576

  Charleston Courier, 18

  Charleston Harbor, 182–84, 199–200, 236, 248–49

  Charleston Mercury, 34, 194, 254, 356, 359

  Charleston News and Courier, 567, 575

  Chase, Salmon P., 51, 67–68, 162, 165, 191, 199, 226, 233–34, 257, 296–300, 307–11, 317, 323, 349, 384, 443–44, 445, 463, 585

  Chattanooga, Battle of, 298–99, 412

  Cherokee Indians, 85, 158, 298, 546, 549

  Chesnut, James, 147–48

  Chesnut, Mary, 162, 219–20, 250, 251, 253–54, 261, 268, 269, 271, 355, 357–58, 361, 588

  Chester, Thomas Morris, 361

  Cheyenne Indians, 511, 530–33, 534, 535, 538, 540, 541–42, 554, 555, 557

  Chicago, 68, 136, 165, 431, 433–34

  Chicago Press & Tribune, 111

  Chicago Times, 173, 212

  Chicago Tribune, 213, 234, 309, 494–95

  Chickamauga, Battle of, 215, 298, 335, 412

  Child, David, 143

  Child, Lydia Maria, 37, 142–45, 154–55, 235, 350, 460, 501, 545–46, 592, 593

  Chipman, Colonel, 381

  Chippewa Indians, 549

  Chivington, John, 530–32

  Christiana, Pa., incident (1852), 11, 55–57, 425

  Christian Inquirer, 49

  Christianity, 30, 32, 39, 49, 59, 102–3, 394–95, 404, 451, 543, 549–50

  Church, Sanford E., 444

  Cicero, 2

  Cilley, Jonathan, 327

  Cincinnati Commercial, 493

  Cincinnati Enquirer, 287

  Cincinnati Gazette, 211

  Civil Rights Act (1875), 419, 571–72, 647n

  Civil Rights Act (1964), 571–72

  civil service reform, 476, 492, 498, 502, 505,
584

  Civil War, U.S., 165–388

  abolitionism in, 175–76, 178, 180, 185–87, 197–98, 223–24, 225, 229, 233, 237, 238, 239, 243–44, 252, 253, 256, 257, 261, 270, 283–84, 285–86, 296–97, 300, 301–5, 310–11, 314–16, 328–29, 343–50, 514

  amnesty and pardons in, 300–301, 304, 315

  amputations in, 215, 243, 248, 264

  appeasement and compromise in, 176–80, 185–88, 197–98, 199, 234–35, 239–40, 286, 304–5, 307, 310–11, 314–16, 320–21, 433–34, 586–87

  arrests in, 285, 287–88, 342, 365, 373, 381

  artillery used in, 183, 187, 203, 252, 258, 259, 277, 281, 311, 312, 335–36

  atrocities in, 291–92, 311–15, 328–41, 378, 379–82, 417, 422, 427, 446, 560, 561

  black laborers in, 237, 241–42, 248, 310

  black troops in, 233–49, 283–84, 286, 292–94, 308, 311–15, 346, 353–60, 387, 435–36, 497, 563, 565

  Blair’s confiscation order in, 224–27

  Buchanan’s role in, 166, 176, 182–84, 186, 193, 200

  casualties in, 207, 210–11, 214, 215–19, 220, 221, 228, 232–33, 242–43, 253, 257, 259–65, 266, 272–73, 277, 282, 286, 287, 290, 294–95, 298, 311–15, 319–20, 355, 357–58, 378, 386, 427, 428, 430

  cavalry in, 232, 275–76, 340–42, 360–61

  civilians in, 203–4, 210, 218–19, 227, 253–54, 265–71, 281, 282, 332–33, 336–37, 339–40, 342, 345–46, 361–63, 388

  commanders and officers in, 204, 205, 206–8, 211–12, 224–27, 239–40, 242–43, 246–49, 257, 283–84, 314–15, 365, 559–62

  confiscation acts in, 226, 228, 237, 240, 305, 310

  congressional actions in, 174, 176, 177, 179, 185–90, 200, 203, 226, 228, 230, 237, 240, 273, 304–6, 307, 308, 314, 315–16, 343–46

  conscription in, 236–37, 254, 268, 290–92, 303–4, 318, 319–20, 327, 353–60, 445

  constitutional issue in, 173, 174, 177, 178–82, 186, 188, 189, 191–92, 194, 223–24, 240, 252, 285, 286, 287, 288, 290–91, 292, 293, 301, 305–6, 310–11, 333–34, 344

  Democratic opposition to, 173–75, 181, 182–84, 194, 207, 210, 212, 224, 227, 231, 243, 249, 252, 257, 271, 284–88, 290, 291, 292, 295, 297, 301, 305–11, 316–17, 343, 344, 345, 434

  desertions in, 247–48, 250, 251, 288, 338, 351, 380

  diseases in, 248, 257, 260–61, 272, 273, 334, 378

  draft riots in (1863), 290–92, 318, 327, 445

  economic aspect of, 171–72, 198, 247, 252, 265–66, 268–69, 286, 292, 309, 315, 316, 318, 336–37, 351, 430, 431

  emancipation in, 175–76, 224–29, 233–49, 268, 283–84, 286, 290–94, 303, 304–6, 307, 308, 315–16, 337, 339, 343–50, 356, 370, 398, 430, 459

  enlistment in, 207, 208, 254, 270–71, 286, 291, 319–20, 330–31

  espionage in, 215, 235, 320, 328–30, 370–74

 

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