Daggett: Leonard M. Daggett, A History of the Class of Eighty-Four, Yale College, 1880–1914 (New Haven, CT, 1914).
Deutsch: Jordan A. Deutsch, Richard M. Cohen, Roland T. Johnson, and David S. Neft, The Scrapbook History of Baseball (Indianapolis, 1975).
Donald: David Herbert Donald, Lincoln (New York, 1995).
Encyclopedia: Supplement to the Encyclopedia Britannica, vol. 4 (New York, 1889).
Glazier: Captain Willard Glazier, Peculiarities of American Cities (Philadelphia, 1886).
Hetrick: J. Thomas Hetrick, Chris Von der Ahe and the St. Louis Browns (Lanham, MD, 1999).
Isenberg: Michael T. Isenberg, John L. Sullivan and His America (Urbana, IL, 1988).
James: Bill James, The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract (New York, 2003).
Kargau: Ernst D. Kargau, edited by Don Heinrich Tolzmann, translated by William G. Bek, The German Element in St. Louis: A Translation from German of Ernst D. Kargau’s St. Louis in Former Years: A Commemorative History of the German Element (Baltimore, 2000).
Kelly: Mike “King” Kelly, “Play Ball”: Stories of the Diamond Field and Other Historical Writings About the 19th Century Hall of Famer (Jefferson, NC, 2006).
Lardner: James Lardner and Thomas Reppetto, NYPD: A City and Its Police (New York, 2000).
Leonard: John W. Leonard, ed., The Book of St. Louisans (St. Louis, 1906).
MacDonald: Neil W. MacDonald, The League That Lasted: 1876 and the Founding of the National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs (Jefferson, NC, 2004).
McFeely: William S. McFeely, Frederick Douglass (New York, 1991).
Miner: Margaret Miner and Hugh Rawson, The Oxford Dictionary of American Quotations (New York, 2006).
Minstrel: Minstrel Songs, Old and New (Philadelphia, 1883).
Morris: Roy Morris Jr., The Better Angel: Walt Whitman in the Civil War (Oxford, 2000).
National: Lee Allen, The National League Story (New York, 1961).
Nemec 1: David Nemec, comp. and ed., Major League Baseball Profiles, 1871–1900, vol. 1, The Ballplayers Who Built the Game (Lincoln, NE, 2011).
Nemec 2: David Nemec, comp. and ed., Major League Baseball Profiles, 1871–1900, vol. 2, The Hall of Famers and Memorable Personalities Who Shaped the Game (Lincoln, NE, 2011).
Nye: David E. Nye, Electrifying America: Social Meanings of a New Technology (Cambridge, MA, 1990).
Olson: Audrey L. Olson, St. Louis Germans, 1850–1920: The Nature of an Immigrant Community and Its Relation to the Assimilation Process (New York, 1980).
Orem: Preston D. Orem, Baseball from the Newspaper Accounts, 1882–1891 (Altadena, CA, 1966).
Palmer 1: Harry Clay Palmer, J. A. Fynes, Frank Richter, and W. I. Harris, Athletic Sports in America, England and Australia (Philadelphia, 1889).
Palmer 2: Harry Clay Palmer, Stories of the Base-ball Field (Chicago, 1890).
Proetz: Arthur Proetz, I Remember You, St. Louis (St. Louis, 1963).
Rice: Edw. Leroy Rice, Monarchs of Minstrelsy, from “Daddy” Rice to Date (New York, 1911).
Ritter: Lawrence S. Ritter, The Glory of Their Times: The Story of the Early Days of Baseball Told by the Men Who Played It (New York, 1966).
Schlereth: Thomas J. Schlereth, Victorian America: Transformations in Everyday Life (New York, 1991).
Smith: Page Smith, The Rise of Industrial America: A People’s History of the Post-Reconstruction Era (New York, 1990).
Spalding 1: Albert G. Spalding, America’s National Game (New York, 1911).
Spalding 2: Spalding’s Official Base Ball Guide (Chicago, 1880).
Spalding 3: Spalding’s Official Base Ball Guide (Chicago, 1883).
Spink: Alfred H. Spink, The National Game (St. Louis, 1910).
Sullivan: “Ted” Sullivan, Humorous Stories of the Ball Field: A Complete History of the Game and Its Exponents (Chicago, 1903).
Twain: Mark Twain, Life on the Mississippi (New York, 1901).
Walker: M. F. Walker, Our Home Colony: A Treatise on the Past, Present and Future of the Negro Race in America (Steubenville, OH, 1908).
Wallop: Douglass Wallop, Baseball: An Informal History (New York, 1969).
Ward: Geoffrey C. Ward and Ken Burns, Baseball: An Illustrated History (New York, 1994).
White: Sol White, Sol White’s Official Base Ball Guide (Philadelphia, 1907).
INDEX
Admission prices, 13, 24, 26, 31, 32,
36, 37, 44, 175, 254
African American ballplayers
clubs comprising only, 155, 159–161
racist/prejudicial attitudes toward, 152, 154–155, 156–157, 158, 161–162, 162–163, 164–167, 256
as rising stars, 155, 156
stereotyping, for comical effect, 159–160
See also specific ballplayers
African Americans
assaults on, 164–165, 238
difficult years for, 163
emancipation of, and the Civil War, 154
first major league to welcome, 163, 164
middle class, 159
migration of, proponents of, 154, 252
population of, in St. Louis, 6
racist attitudes toward, 41, 153, 161
stereotyping, for comical effect, 40, 41, 153–154
as team mascots/batboys, 153, 161
Allen, Lee, 48
American Association, 125, 139, 142
and the 1882 pennant, 34
adding more games to the schedule, 74
admission price of, 31, 32, 37
allowing Sunday games and drinking, 26–27, 29, 31–32, 37, 100, 117, 244
appearance of peace between National League and, 29–30
array of stars in second season of, 116
board showing progress of games in, 62, 136 (photo)
and crowd behavior at games, 32
and crowd turnout at games, 32, 34, 36, 37, 77
declaring war on the National League, 35
difficulty in finding talent, 98
end of, 244, 258
as first major league to welcome a black player, 163, 164
formal protests filed with, over Athletics extra home games, 193–194
and the foul-bound catch, 23
founding of, 19, 25, 43, 59
franchises still in existence today, 244
idea of signing blacklisted players, 27, 28, 48
league founded by entrepreneurs frozen out of, 244
members admitted to, 25, 55, 163
merger with the National League, 244
nickname given by critics to, 27, 188, 244
policies of, 26, 27, 29, 80
and postseason interleague games, 35–36, 46
and preseason interleague games, 29, 50–51
profitability of, 34
rate paid to visiting clubs, 26, 220
response of the National League to, 17, 19, 27–29, 30, 31, 35, 37, 116
spirit of, 33, 170
state of, at close of 1882 season, 37
transforming public perception of baseball, 116
truce in the war with their rival, 46, 47–48, 59
and umpires, 104, 107, 112
uniforms in, 32–33
Von der Ahe’s threat to break up, 110
voting on expulsion of the Cincinnati Reds, 37
wages/salaries in, 34, 77
wounded by formation of new major league, 244
See also specific teams, owners/managers, and ballplayers
American dream, 4, 9
American League, 92, 245, 253, 254
Anson, Adrian Constantine “Cap,” 65, 151, 153 (photo), 180
death of, 252
racist attitude of, 152–153, 162–163, 165–166, 166–167
Antiprohibition, 9
Appleton, Walter, 174
Athletic Park, 45–46, 48–49, 50, 69, 72, 184
scorecard of, 70 (drawing)
See also Philadelphia Athletics
Baker, Phil, 48
Bakley, “Jersey,” 135 (photo), 170
Baldwin, Kid, 16
Ballparks. See specific park/grounds
Baltimore Canaries, 73
Baltimore Orioles, 187
added to the American Association, 26
Browns vs., 95, 102, 203–204
crowd turnout at games of, 71
standings during 1882 season, 55
standings during 1883 pennant race, 172, 208
uniforms of, 33, 203
Bancroft, Frank, 47, 79, 103–104
Bank Street Grounds, 36, 83, 86, 117, 199
See also Cincinnati Reds
Barnes, Ross, 56
Barnie, Billie, 236
Baseball
African American passion for, 159
best markets in, National League depriving, 25
booming popularity of, 215
curfew in, difficulty enforcing, 142
difficulty finding talent in, season of, 98
diminishing popularity and reputation of, 10, 11–12, 42
future of, 244
heightened interest in, 71, 72, 229, 230, 241
increase in number of clubs in, 244
integration of, 154–155, 158, 162, 163–164, 167
international ambassador for, 257
more inclusive marketing of, 13
nocturnal activities of players in, 142
opening day of the 1884 season, 244
organized, framework for, 48
pace of the games in, 33
pace of play in, 33, 34, 75
players as hard drinkers, attitudes toward, 24, 142–143
public perception of, transforming, 116
reason for Von der Ahe’s early interest in, 9–10
renewed interest in, 15, 16, 33, 43, 45, 49, 50, 230, 240, 244
rules of the game in, compared to modern day, 22, 23
season of unprecedented attendance, 243
segregation of, 154–155, 156, 163, 165, 166
sermon against, 116–117
shutouts in, and when they became more common, 73
total contributions to, by Von der Ahe, 259
trust of the people reestablished in, 244
typical players in, characteristics of, 22
wages/salaries in, 14, 22, 27, 34, 74, 77, 142, 187, 188, 244
working conditions in, 22–23
See also specific leagues, teams, owners/managers, and ballplayers
Baseball bats, 126–127
Baseball gloves, 22
Baseball Hall of Fame, 74, 100, 245, 255, 256, 259
Baseballs, 22–23, 78–79
Batters
readiness of, 33
working conditions of, 23
See also specific ballplayers
Battery, first all-black, 165
Becker, Edward C., 258
Beer and Whiskey Circuit, as a nickname, 27, 188, 244
See also American Association
Beer gardens, 4–5
Bellefontaine Cemetery, 259
Berra, Yogi, 1
Birchall, Jud, 135 (photo), 191, 192, 211, 216, 222, 246
Blacklisting, 23–24, 27, 28, 29, 35, 48, 142, 144, 145, 247, 255, 256
Blacks. See African American ballplayers; African Americans
Blakiston, Bob, 135 (photo), 231, 247
Bogen, F. W., 5
Boston Globe, 116, 138, 148, 171, 172
Boston Red Stockings, 10, 11, 21, 27, 46, 58, 74, 109, 147, 155, 240, 243, 253
Boyd, Sam, 101
Bradley, George Washington “Grin,” 81, 128, 135 (photo), 145, 170, 194, 198, 199, 221, 223, 224, 234, 236, 250
and Athletics vs. Browns, 96, 97, 109, 184, 185, 191, 192, 212–213, 216, 217, 218, 220
and Athletics vs. Reds, 119, 120, 201–202
background on, 78–80
death of, 247
following the 1883 season, 247
Bridgewater, Henry, 159
Brooklyn Atlantics, 17, 25, 26, 46, 49
Brooklyn Dodgers, 163, 244
Brouthers, Dan, 126
Brown, Freeman, 103
Brown, Jonathan, 163
Brown, Roger A., 94
Brown, Tom, 16, 33
Browning, Louis Rogers “Pete,” 30, 116
alcoholism of, 127
background on, 124–125
baseball card of, 127 (photo)
bats of, 126–127
and Eclipse vs. Athletics, 115, 128, 222, 227
injury affecting, 128, 131
reaction to death of President Garfield, 125–126
Buffalo Commercial Advertiser, 187
Butler, Ormond, 100–101, 102–103, 106, 143–144, 243
Campbell, John P., 31, 48
Carpenter, Hick, 118, 120, 123–124, 128–129, 132, 133, 248, 250
baseball card of, 120 (photo)
Catchers, working conditions of, 22
See also specific ballplayers
Catto, Octavius, 155
Caylor, Oliver Perry, 24, 30, 35, 79, 83, 84, 85, 88, 106, 107, 123, 124, 127, 129, 132, 140, 148, 160, 169, 200, 201–202, 248
death of, 249
establishing the Reds, 15
and the National (Tripartite) Agreement, 48
newspaper depiction of, 25 (drawing)
and Reilly’s cartoons, 134, 249
taking over as manager of the Reds and Mets, 249
Chadwick, Henry, 47, 48, 49, 50, 60, 77
Championship titles, conventions for, 84, 240
Chapman, Jack, 138
Chicago Dreadnoughts, 98
Chicago Eckfords, 15–16
Chicago Herald, 180
Chicago Tribune, 74, 78, 142
Chicago White Sox, 92, 254–255
Chicago White Stockings, 10, 20, 34, 58, 105, 124, 151–152, 153, 161, 162–163, 165, 166, 179
ploy to steal the 1882 pennant, 193
postseason faceoff between the Cincinnati Reds and, 36–37
Cincinnati Brown Stockings, 159
Cincinnati Commercial Gazette, 79, 83, 85, 117, 123, 134, 179, 248, 249
Cincinnati Enquirer, 6, 15, 24, 30, 35, 59, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88–89, 93, 120, 125, 143, 145, 147, 148, 161, 202, 221, 249–250
Cincinnati Reds, 73, 198, 256
as 1882 pennant winner, 34, 248, 250
Athletics vs., 69, 75–76, 80–81, 117–120, 171, 199–202
ballpark bars of, 26
Browns vs., 15, 83–89, 93, 146
Buckeyes vs., 132–133
capturing back-to-back pennants, 250
cartoon featuring, 171 (drawing)
Caylor taking over as manager of, 249
Chicago White Stockings vs., 36–37
crowd behavior toward Bradley, 201, 202
crowd turnout at games of, 36, 84, 117, 119, 199
as defending champions, 54, 69, 84, 117, 124, 185
Eclipse vs., 127–129
expulsion of, from the National League, 24
final standing of the 1882 season, 34
following 1883 regular season, 248
Mets vs., 123, 230
new league admitting, 25
protesting Athletics extra two home games, 193–194
scam pulled off by, 133
as semipro team, 15
standing during 1882 season, 55
standings during 1883 pennant race, 172, 199, 208
still in existence today, 244
in tight pennant race, 116, 132, 134
uniforms of, 54
vote blocking expulsion from the American Association, 37
wanting to hire blacklisted League player, 27, 29
Cincinnati Shamrocks, 160
Civil rights, 154, 163
Civil War, 41, 47, 71, 72, 154, 234
Clapp, John, 175
Cleveland Blue Stockings, 159
Cleveland clubs, 47, 73, 79
Cleveland Leader, 34, 125–126
Cleveland Whites, 156, 157
Cobb, Ty, 96
&n
bsp; Columbus Buckeyes, 69, 162
added to the American Association, 35
agreeing to move two home games, 193–194
Athletics vs., 121, 193, 194, 198, 199
Browns vs., 89, 90
Eclipse vs., 129
Reds vs., 132–133
standings during 1883 pennant race, 172, 208
Comiskey, Charlie, 2, 33, 62, 63, 67, 85, 93, 101, 116, 138, 204, 206
background on, 56–57
baseball card of, 92 (photo)
and Browns vs. Athletics, 96–97, 109, 112, 113, 209, 213, 216
in the crowd at Black Sox game, 159
daily leadership of the Browns turned over to, 178, 218
death of, 255
following the 1883 season, 254–255, 258–259
leading the Browns to four straight pennants, 253, 254
as new captain of the Browns, 91–92
as pallbearer, 259
posing with team during 1883 season, 136 (photo)
and the scandal involving the White Sox, 255
Comiskey Park, 255
Commercial Gazette, 85
Compton Avenue Grounds, 11, 14
Connor, Roger, 245
Contracts
respecting, 48, 98
violated, 47
See also Reserve clause
Cooney, John, 32
Corcoran, Larry, 36
Corey, Fred, 77, 115, 119–120, 170, 225
and Athletics vs. Browns, 112, 113, 190, 192, 217
death of, 247
following the 1883 season, 247
posing with team during 1883 season, 135 (photo)
Corkhill, John “Pop,” 87, 132, 248
Craft, Frederick H., 259
Crane, Sam, 123, 206
Creamer, George, 143
Crittenden, Thomas T., 208–209, 210
Crowley, Bill, 119, 135 (photo)
Culver, W. I., 31
Cummings, Candy, 74
Curfew, difficulty enforcing, 142
Curve-ball throws, 74
Cuthbert, Ned, 138
brought back as a player, 94, 98
and Browns vs. Athletics, 112–113
compared to Sullivan, 65
as player-manager of the St. Louis Browns, 12, 15, 55, 58, 65
releasing as a player, 59
replacing as manager, 55–56, 58
Daily, Hugh, 154
Daily, John, 107
Daniels, Charley, 203, 206
and Athletics’ victory celebration, 231, 236
death of, 251
following the 1883 season, 251
special train hired for, 11–112, 121, 251
umpiring Athletics vs. Browns final series, 209, 211, 212, 213, 217
Davis, William “Bud,” 160
Day, John B., 26, 35, 173, 174, 175, 251
Deagle, Ren, 84, 160
The Summer of Beer and Whiskey Page 33
