Piraeus (i), (ii), (iii)
Pisistratus, Athenian tyrant (i), (ii)
Piso see Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus, Lucius; Calpurnius Piso Frugi Licinianus, Lucius
Pithecusae, modern Ischia (i), (ii)
Pizarro (i)
plague see epidemic
Plataea (i)
battle of (479 BC) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Plato, Athenian philosopher (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Platonic love (i)
plebeians, plebs, Roman see Romans
Pliny the Elder (i)
Pliny the Younger (i)
plunder see booty
Plutarch, Greek writer (i), (ii)
Po, River (i), (ii)
poems, poetry
drama and (i)
Greek (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
Roman (i)
see also drama; Homer; Horace; Nestor, Nestor’s Cup; Ovid; Sophronius; Virgil
Poeni (i) see also Carthage
poison (i), (ii), (iii)
polis see city-state
Polybius, Greek historian (i)
First Punic War and (i)
Roman army and (i), (ii)
Roman imperialism and (i), (ii), (iii)
Roman religion and (i)
Roman republican constitution and (i)
Polycrates, Samian tyrant (i)
Pompadour, Madame de (i)
Pompeii (i)
Pompeius, Gnaeus, Pompey (i)
descendants (i)
pontifex maximus (i)
pontiffs, Roman (i)
Pontius Pilate (i)
Pope Francis (i)
population
Archaic Greece (i)
Athenian citizen body (i)
Greek overseas settlements (i)
Megara Hyblaea (i)
Roman (i), (ii)
Rome (city) (i)
Spartan citizen body (i), (ii)
Populonia (i)
Pope, Alexander (i), (ii)
Poppaea Sabina (i)
porphyry (i), (ii)
portraiture, Roman (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Poseidon (i), (ii)
potters, pottery, pots, potsherds (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Athenian (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
‘Etruscan’ (i)
Geometric (i), (ii)
Phoenician (i)
power, Greek ideas about (i)
Praeneste, modern Palestrina (i), (ii)
praetorians (i)
Predjama, Slovenia (i)
priest, priestess, pagan (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x) see also fetialis; pontiffs; Vera; Vestal Virgins
princeps (i) see also Augustus; emperors; monarchy
Priscus, Roman diplomat (i), (ii)
Procopius, eastern Roman writer (i)
prodigies, Roman (i)
proscriptions, Roman (i), (ii)
prostitutes, female (i), (ii), (iii) see also courtesans; women
Proust, Marcel (i)
provinces, Roman (i), (ii) see also Asia; Britain; Egypt; Gaul; Greece; Judaea; Lycia; Sardinia; Sicily; Syria
provincial governors, Roman (i)
provincials
as local benefactors (i)
Roman provincial ideology (i)
Roman support for rich (i), (ii)
Psammetichus, Egyptian pharoah (i)
psyche see soul
Ptolemies, Macedonian dynasty (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
as pharaohs (i), (ii)
see also Arsinoe II; Cleopatra VII
Ptolemy I (i), (ii)
Ptolemy II (i)
Ptolemy III (i)
Punes (i) see also Carthage
Punic Wars, First (264–241 BC) and Second (218–201 BC) (i)
puns, in the New Testament (i)
purple dye (i)
Pygmalion, mythical Cypriot king (i)
Pylos (i), (ii), (iii)
Pyrrhus, Epirot king (i), (ii)
queens, queenship
Hellenistic (i), (ii)
see also Arsinoe II; Cleopatra VII
Quinctius Flamininus, Titus, Roman consul (198 BC) (i), (ii)
Greek worship of (i)
racism, ancient (i) see also barbarian, orientalism
Ramesses II (i)
rape (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Ravenna (i), (ii)
Raqqa (i)
recruitment see military
refugees see exiles; migrants
religion, ancient (i), (ii)
Aristophanes and (i)
Etruscan (i)
Greek (i), (ii)
Greek Sicily (i)
manipulation of (i), (ii)
nature of (i)
Roman (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Socrates and (i)
see also Christianity; ghosts; haruspices; magic; miracles; omens; oracles; paganism, late Roman; priest, priestess; sacrifice; soul; temples; worship of rulers
religion, Jewish (i), (ii)
Renaissance (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Remus see Romulus
republic, Roman see Romans
Res gestae, political testament of Augustus (i), (ii)
rhetoric (i), (ii)
Aristotle and (i)
Demosthenes and (i)
Greek teachers of (i), (ii)
Rome and (i), (ii)
see also orators
Rhine, River (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Rhodes (i)
Rhodopis, Greek courtesan (i)
roads, road-building, Roman (i), (ii)
Romania (i)
Romanovs (i)
Romans
constitution, republican (i)
dictatorship (i), (ii)
electioneering, elections (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
good faith and (i)
Greece, attitudes to (i), (ii), (iii)
Greek civilisation and (i), (ii)
Greeks view as barbarians (i)
imperial-period identity as (i), (ii), (iii)
knights (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
morality, morals (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
‘new man’ (i)
patricians (i), (ii)
plebs (i), (ii), (iii)
racism and (i)
republic (i), (ii)
revolts against see Boudicca; Jews
Senate (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
tribunes of the people (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
triumph (i), (ii)
Trojan ancestry (i), (ii)
unconditional surrender and (i)
see also Aeneas; aristocracy; armies; assemblies; booty; citizens, citizenship; consulate; divination; emperors; Punic Wars, First; imperialism; law, Roman; nobiles; patronage; provinces; religion, Roman; Romulus and Remus; slavery; wolf
Rome (ancient city) (i)
Alaric’s sack (i)
Augustan building programme (i)
cattle market (i), (ii)
Column of Marcus Aurelius (i)
foundation (i), (ii)
Forum Augustum (i)
Forum Romanum (i)
Greek culture, capital of (i)
Hercules, temple of (i), (ii)
‘hut of Romulus’ (i)
Palatine Hill (i), (ii)
population (i)
St Peter’s basilica (i)
Senate house (i)
stadium (i)
theatres (i)
via Appia (i)
Rome (modern)
Centrale Montemartini museum (i)
Palazzo dei Conservatori (i)
Piazza Navona (i)
Roman National Museum (i)
Romulus Augustulus, Roman emperor (i)
Romulus and Remus (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Rowling, J. K., writer (i)
Roxane, marriage to Alexander III of Macedon (i)
Russell, Bertram (i)
Russia (i)
Sabini, Sabines (i), (ii)
sacrifice, animal
Etruscan (i)
Greek (i), (ii), (iii)
Jewish (i)
late Roman (i), (ii)
Roman (i)
sacrifice, human (i)
child (i)
sailing (i), (ii)
Salaambô, novel (i)
Salamis (i)
battle of (480 BC) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Samnites (i), (ii)
Samos, East Aegean island (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
San Giovanni di Ruoti, Italy (i)
sanitation (i)
Santorini, Cycladic island (i), (ii)
Sappho, Greek poet (i), (ii)
Sardinia (i), (ii), (iii)
Roman province (i)
Sardis, Lydian capital (i)
Sarmatians (i)
Sasanian Persians (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Satyricon, Roman novel (i)
Saxons, Saxon (i), (ii), (iii)
Scandinavia (i)
Schliemann, Heinrich (i), (ii)
science, ancient (i) see also Aristotle; astronomy; botany; medical research; zoology
Scipio family (i) see also Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius; Cornelius Scipio Barbatus, Lucius
Scotland (i)
sculptors, Greek (i)
sculpture
Athenian (i) see also Pheidias
booty (i), (ii), (iii)
Egyptian influence on (i)
Greek (i), (ii), (iii)
late Roman (i)
Pergamene (i)
Persian (i), (ii)
Ptolemaic (i), (ii)
Roman (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Roman Sparta (i)
see also Cyclades; Delphic Charioteer; Neolithic; portraiture
seafaring, ancient
Archaic Greece (i), (ii)
capes and (i)
Greek Bronze Age (i), (ii)
Greek Stone Age (i)
Hellenistic (i)
Minoan (i)
Phoenician (i)
see also galleys; lighthouses; merchants; navy; sea-power; shipping; trade; triremes
seals, Minoan (i)
sea-power (i), (ii)
Athenian (i)
Etruscan (i)
Persian (i)
Spartan (i)
Roman (i)
see also empire; navy; seafaring
Segesta (i), (ii)
Seleucid dynasty (i), (ii) see also Antiochus I; Antiochus III
Seleucus I, Macedonian king (i), (ii)
Selinus (i), (ii), (iii)
Sempronius Gracchus, Gaius (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Sempronius Gracchus, Tiberius, Roman consul 177 BC, husband of Cornelia (i)
Sempronius Gracchus, Tiberius, brother of Gaius (i), (ii), (iii)
Seneca, Nero’s tutor (i)
Septimius Severus, Roman emperor (i)
Serbia (i), (ii), (iii)
serfs (i) see also Helots
Sesklo, Neolithic site (i), (ii), (iii)
sexual love, Greek see courtesans; erōs; homosexuality; marriage; prostitutes; rape
Shakespeare, William (i), (ii)
sheep and goats (i), (ii), (iii)
shields
Macedonian (i), (ii)
Roman (i)
shipping, ships (i), (ii)
Isthmian haulage (i)
Minoan (i)
Phoenician (i)
see also galleys; triremes
Sicani (i)
Sicels (i)
Sicily, Sicilians (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Archaic Greek settlements on (i)
Athenian expedition against (i)
Hellenistic (i)
pupils of Plato (i)
Roman province (i), (ii), (iii)
see also Carthage; Romans
Silchester, Roman (i)
silver (i), (ii), (iii)
coins (i), (ii)
see also mines
skyscraper envy (i)
slavery, slaves (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
agricultural (i), (ii)
Athenian democracy and (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
revolts (i), (ii), (iii)
Roman (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
see also Helots; freedmen, freedwomen; mines, mining; piracy; serfs
Socrates (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) see also Aristophanes; Plato; Seneca
Solon (i), (ii)
Soluntum (i)
Sophocles, Athenian playwright (i), (ii)
Sophronius, bishop (i)
soul, belief in (i)
Spain, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Carthage and (i), (ii)
Roman province (i)
Sparta, Spartans (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
Athenians, contrasted with (i)
‘decline’ (i)
Peloponnesian War and (i), (ii)
Persian Wars and (i)
Roman (i)
Roman ideas about (i)
Taras, overseas settlement (i)
see also Caryae
Spartacus, film (i)
Spartacus, slave leader (i)
Sparti, modern Sparta (i), (ii)
speeches see Cicero; Demosthenes; Thucydides
spices (i)
sport see athletes; pankration; wrestling
status anxiety, Roman (i)
Stesichorus, Sicilian Greek poet (i)
Stoa, Stoics, philosophical sect (i)
Stone Age (i), (ii)
see also Neolithic
storage jars, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) see also amphora
Successor wars (i)
suicide (i), (ii)
Sulla see Cornelius Sulla, Lucius
Sunium (i), (ii)
Susa (i)
Swallow Islands (i)
symposium, Greek drinking party (i), (ii), (iii)
Athenian democracy and (i)
convivium and (i)
Symposium, Plato’s dialogue (i)
Syracuse (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Apollo, temple of (i)
Athenian expedition against (i), (ii)
Euryalus (i)
Hellenistic (i)
Roman capture (i)
theatre (i)
Syria (i), (ii), (iii)
Roman province (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Seleucids and (i), (ii)
Syro-Canaanites (i)
Tacitus, Roman historian (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Christians and (i)
Tajikistan (i), (ii)
Taras, Tarentum, modern Taranto (i), (ii)
Tarquin the Proud, Roman king (i)
Tarquinii (i), (ii), (iii)
Tarsus (i)
tattoos (i)
tax, taxation (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x) see also tribute
Taygetus, Mt (i), (ii)
temples, temple-building
Greek (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x) see also Athens, Acropolis; Athens, Parthenon
Roman (i)
Tertullian, Christian writer (i)
Tetrarchy (i), (ii)
Thales, Greek philosopher (i), (ii)
Thasos (i)
Thatcher, Margaret (i), (ii)
theatres
Greek (i), (ii)
Roman (i), (ii), (iii)
see also drama; Athens, Theatre of Dionysus
Thebes, central Greece (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) see also Boeotia
Thebes, Egypt (i)
Themistocles (i), (ii), (iii)
Theodora, Roman empress (i)
Theodosius I, Roman emperor (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Thera (i) see also Santorini
Thermopylae (i)
battle of (480 BC) (i)
Thespiae, central Greece (i)
Thessalonice, modern Thessaloniki (i), (ii)
Thessaly (i)
Thompson, Homer A., archaeologist (i)
Thucydides, Athenian historian (i
), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Peloponnesian War and (i)
Tiber, River (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Tiberius, Roman emperor (i)
Tigris, River (i), (ii)
tin (i), (ii)
Tiryns, southern Greece (i)
Titus, Roman emperor (i)
toga, Roman (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Togidubnus see Claudius Togidubnus, Tiberius
Tomis, modern Constantsa) (i)
Topkapi Palace (i)
town planning (i), (ii), (iii)
trade, traders (i), (ii)
Alexander III of Macedon and (i), (ii)
Archaic Greece (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Archaic Sicily (i)
Carthaginian (i)
Etruscan (i)
Phoenician (i), (ii)
Roman (i), (ii), (iii)
see also businessmen; merchants; Palmyra
tragedy, Greek (i)
Athenian (i)
Trajan, Roman emperor (i)
Christians and (i)
translation, translators, post-antique (i) see also Pope, Alexander
transvestism see cross-dressing
treaty, treaties (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
tribute (i)
late Roman (i)
Persian (i)
Roman (i)
see also Athens, naval alliance; tax
Trimalchio (i)
tripods (i), (ii), (iii)
Triptolemus, Greek demi-god (i)
triremes, Athenian (i)
triumph see Romans
triumvirs (i)
Trojan War (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Troy (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi) see also Aeneas of Troy; Romans
Trump, Donald (i), (ii)
Tullius see Cicero, Marcus Tullius
Tunis (i)
Tunisia (i)
Turin, Museo di Antichità (i)
Turkmenistan (i)
Tuscany (i)
Tussaud, Madam (i)
Tutankhamun (i), (ii)
Twelve Tables see law, Roman
tyrant, tyranny (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) see also Gelon; Phalaris; Pisistratus
Uluburun, Cape, southern Turkey (i), (ii)
urbanisation
Hellenistic (i)
see also cities; drainage; houses; town planning; Rome (ancient city); Patara; Pergamum
utopia (i)
Valens, Roman emperor (i)
Valentinian III, Roman emperor (i)
Vandals (i), (ii), (iii)
Vaux-le-Vicomte, French château (i)
Venice (i)
Ventris, Michael, linguist (i), (ii)
Venus, Roman goddess (i)
Vera, priestess of Patmian Artemis (i), (ii)
Verania, wife of Piso Licinianus (i)
Veranius, Quintus, Roman governor (i)
Vergina, Macedonia, ancient Aegae (i)
Vestal Virgins (i)
Vesuvius, Mt (i), (ii), (iii)
Victoria, Roman goddess (i)
Victorian, Victorians (i), (ii)
Vidal, Gore (i)
Vienna (i), (ii)
Vilia Procla (i), (ii)
Villa of the Papyri (i)
villas, Roman (i), (ii)
lifestyle (i)
villa estates (i)
see also Fishbourne; Piazza Armerina
vines, vineyards (i) see wine
The Story of Greece and Rome Page 47
