ALSO BY THE COUNTESS OF CARNARVON
Lady Almina and the Real Downton Abbey:
The Lost Legacy of Highclere Castle
Copyright © 2013 by 8th Countess of Carnarvon
All rights reserved.
Published in the United States by Broadway Books, an imprint of the Crown Publishing Group, a division of Random House LLC, a Penguin Random House Company, New York.
www.crownpublishing.com
Broadway Books and its logo, B D W Y, are trademarks of Random House LLC.
Originally published in hardcover in Great Britain by Hadder & Sloughton, a Hachette U.K. company, London, in 2013.
Downton Abbey is a registered trademark of Carnival Films Ltd.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Carnarvon, Fiona, Countess of.
Lady Catherine, the earl, and the real Downton Abbey / the Countess of Carnarvon.—First edition.
1. Great Britain—Social life and customs—20th century. 2. Highclere Castle—History—20th century. 3. Carnarvon, Henry George Alfred Herbert, Earl of, 1898–1987. 4. World War, 1939–1945—Great Britain. 5. Nobility—Great Britain—Biography. I. Carnarvon, Catherine, Countess of, 1900–1977. II. Title.
DA578.C29 2013
941.082092—dc23
[B] 2013028842
ISBN 978-0-385-34496-8
eBook ISBN 978-0-385-34497-5
Cover design by Laura Klynstra
Cover photograph and painting: © Highclere Castle Enterprises LLP 2013
Author photograph: © Tobi Corney Photography
v3.1
For my darling husband and son,
Geordie and Edward,
and my beloved sisters,
Sarah, Lucy, Alex, Penny and Georgie.
To view a full-size version of this image, click HERE.
Contents
Cover
Other Books by This Author
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Family Tree
Map
Prologue
Chapter 1: India, March 1923
Chapter 2: A Very English American
Chapter 3: The Girl in the Yellow Dress
Chapter 4: From Honeymoon to Highclere
Photo Insert 1
Chapter 5: The Heir Is Christened
Chapter 6: Saving Highclere
Chapter 7: Life and Death in the Roaring Twenties
Chapter 8: Highclere in All Its Glory
Photo Insert 2
Chapter 9: There May Be Trouble Ahead
Chapter 10: Bitter Sweet
Chapter 11: Two Divorces and a Wedding
Chapter 12: Recovery
Chapter 13: The Coming Disaster
Chapter 14: We Are at War
Photo Insert 3
Chapter 15: Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat
Chapter 16: Coming Through Darkness
Photo Insert 4
Chapter 17: Shoulder to Shoulder
Chapter 18: To Play One’s Part
Chapter 19: The Beginning of the End
Chapter 20: Celebrations
Epilogue
Acknowledgements
Picture Acknowledgements
Bibliography
Reader’s Guide
Prologue
This book describes the lives of the family who lived at Highclere Castle from 1923 to 1945, in particular the beautiful Anglo-American Catherine Wendell and the man she married, who became the 6th Earl of Carnarvon. Like its predecessor, about Almina the 5th Countess of Carnarvon, it is intended more as a narrative of the time than a work of history. Nonetheless, it is the product of many months of research in the Castle’s archives as well as conversation with those surviving family members who knew the people involved. It is based on diaries, memoirs, letters, household accounts and photographs, the guestbook that records those who came to stay and the recollections of those who worked here.
In Britain, the inter-war years were marked by the legacy of the First World War, which had exacted a terrible price on young men’s lives and bequeathed economic turbulence and political change. The fabric of the old society was loosening and a new spirit of personal liberty was in the air. Many of the great houses of England declined as their owners became impoverished. Highclere’s survival as the family home of the Carnarvons was very much in the balance. Increasingly, so was peace between the nations of Europe.
The new young 6th Earl and Countess of Carnarvon were initially burdened by their responsibilities, but soon enough they were swept up in the freedom and gaiety of the 1920s. Catherine was a beautiful, vivacious but thoughtful woman, loved by everybody; her husband was a generous and amusing host, an excellent judge of racehorses, and a kind and proud father. Unfortunately for Catherine, however, he grew increasingly fond of the glamour of London, of its clubs, its fast society and its romantic diversions.
The book features a cast of well-known people, friends of the Carnarvons, who played a part in shaping the politics of the 1920s and 1930s. At the outbreak of the Second World War, a new generation of the people who lived at Highclere were swept up into global conflict. The Castle became home to evacuee children and teachers, and the estate provided a training ground for soldiers from all over the world. Catherine’s son, the heir to Highclere, played his part in one of the most brutal campaigns of the war.
Despite the trials of these years, Highclere Castle and the community of people who lived and worked here survived; the house remains the home of the Earl and Countess of Carnarvon. Via its television alter ego ‘Downton Abbey’, Highclere Castle has achieved new renown on a global scale and thrilled millions of viewers in hundreds of countries.
I hope that you enjoy this book and its insights into the history of the Real Downton Abbey. My husband Geordie and I love this house, the landscape and the people who work here with us. It is an extraordinary place, full of wonderful stories.
1
India, March 1923
It was a stifling afternoon at the Wheeler Polo Club in Meerut, northern India. The waves of heat still distorted the view over the five first-class polo grounds, but Catherine was much relieved that the most oppressive part of the day was over. She was sitting on a white-canopied dais with the Viceroy, Lord Reading, and Lord Inchcape, the chairman of the P&O line, their wives, Lady Reading and Lady Inchcape, and some other friends. Behind them, on the long, whitewashed verandahs, several hundred of the team members’ families and guests were watching the afternoon’s match.
Catherine’s husband, Lord Porchester, was playing number two and the game was level. She had never seen a polo match until she arrived in India two months ago, although her husband, a keen rider, played well. It was part of army life in a cavalry regiment. There were other amusements, beyond the polo grounds was a racecourse and her husband—who was known to family and friends all his life as Porchey—also enjoyed plenty of snipe, duck and black partridge shooting with his fellow officers.
Catherine was a favourite with all Porchey’s friends. Very pretty, with an entrancing smile, she was flirtatious and fun. She was always impeccably stylish in the latest fashions. Even sitting under the huge canopy she would wear one of her charming wide-brimmed hats to protect her complexion from the relentless sun. March was not the hottest month in Meerut by any means; Catherine knew it would become uncomfortable as the spring turned to summer. But it was so beguiling, so different from the narrow grey skies between the houses in Mayfair, London. She loved the scents of the great Neem trees, the different herbs and spices that flavoured the air
and the vastness and colours of India. It was all a world away from her experience.
Despite playing a significant part in the British Army during the First World War, time had stood still for the Army of British India. The cavalryman reigned supreme and his regiment trained and drilled in between dressing for supper and dining off silver plates in full mess kit. Servants were legion. Each officer occupied a bungalow with his wife and family and was attended by a khitmatgar (butler) and a bhisti (bearer). Catherine was born in Maine and had spent her first twelve years in New York and New Hampshire. Now she was adjusting to a very different environment, with its Old World customs, its bougainvillea-filled gardens and manicured lawns that had to be watered carefully every day.
It was the last chukka and Lord Porchester’s stick tangled with an opponent’s, but he managed to push the ball towards the mouth of the goal. For a moment it seemed to hesitate, but good luck spun it over the line. Catherine leapt up, smiling and clapping with excitement. When he came to write his memoirs, more than forty years later, Porchey recalled his moment of triumph. ‘My beloved wife Catherine was probably the most excited of our many supporters.’ There was tremendous applause. The exhausted teams presented themselves to the Viceroy and Catherine smiled proudly as her husband received a commemorative cup from Lady Mansfield. Her husband was not the bookish type like his father. He loved the racing and sporting worlds, was a noted horseman, a soldier and superb raconteur; he was enormous fun to be with.
A tall chuprassi, one of the messengers from the Viceroy’s bodyguard, dressed in white and beturbaned, stepped forward to hand something to the dishevelled Lord Porchester. ‘Sahib, a priority telegram from Egypt.’
Porchey turned to the Viceroy for permission to open it. ‘Of course, dear boy. More news of your dear father and his wonderful discovery, I imagine.’ Catherine smiled at her husband. Porchey’s father, Lord Carnarvon, had uncovered the tomb of Tutankhamun just before Christmas; in fact, just before they sailed to India. It had been front-page news around the world and was the culmination of more than sixteen years of painstaking excavation in the hills around the Valley of the Kings in Luxor, Egypt.
Catherine liked her father-in-law very much. He was totally different to his son: he loved to pore over scholarly texts about Egyptology, was passionate about Egypt’s culture and possessed one of the finest collections of Ancient Egyptian works of art in the world.
Porchey slipped open the telegram. Catherine stepped towards him as he stood motionless. Then he read aloud, ‘From Sir John Maxwell, Commander in Chief Egypt to Sir Charles Monroe, Commander in Chief India. Urgent. Will you please expedite an immediate passage for Lord Porchester to the Continental Hotel Cairo, where his father Lord Carnarvon is seriously ill. Three months compassionate leave.’
Catherine leaned in to her husband. ‘Darling, I am so sorry.’
The match was forgotten. Lord Inchcape cleared his throat. ‘Look here Porchester, the Narkunda sails tomorrow and will be calling at Suez. She’s full to the gunnels but I could instruct the Captain to have a junior officer’s cabin made available.’ Lord Reading turned to one of his ADCs and said, ‘I’ve an idea. We should put Porchester on my train down to Bombay tonight; that will give him ample time to board the Narkunda.’
Porchey was tremendously grateful to them both. He turned to Catherine and the two of them went to sit down and discuss their plans. ‘I hate to leave you alone here, darling, but I don’t see we have any choice.’
Catherine had never seen her husband cast so low. She took his hand. ‘I shall be perfectly fine, really. I’m sure all our friends will be a wonderful help. I’ll make a start on closing up the house.’ Porchey nodded. Though they didn’t acknowledge it, they both felt that somehow he would not be coming back to India and that this part of their lives was over. Catherine would return to their bungalow, Bronx Hall, in Mhow. He would send a telegram as soon as he arrived in Egypt.
Porchey brightened. ‘I’m sure my mother will already have set out for Cairo, so all may not be lost.’ Almina, 5th Countess of Carnarvon, was an extraordinarily skilled and gifted nurse. If anyone could save her husband, she could.
Porchey arrived at the Continental Hotel a week later to find that his mother was already there. She had hired a small biplane and flown to her husband’s bedside, accompanied by the family’s personal doctor, Dr Johnnie. This was even better than Porchey had hoped for. His mother’s determination never ceased to amaze him. She and Dr Johnnie had arrived in two days rather than the two weeks it would have taken by train and sea.
Porchey went straight to his father’s rooms and tapped on the door. A nurse drew him into the dimly lit space. Everything was quiet. She whispered to him, ‘Thank goodness you’ve come, Lord Porchester. Your mother is exhausted. She’s had several sleepless nights now and we’ve had to insist that she gets some rest.’
Porchey nodded. ‘How is he? Can I see him?’
‘Of course,’ replied the nurse, ‘though I’m afraid he may not recognise you.’
Porchey trod softly across to the bed. His father was unshaven and seemed so angular, his pulse visibly beating erratically. Porchey touched his hand, which felt burning hot. ‘Papa, this is your son, Henry, I’ve come from India to see you.’ His father’s eyes turned towards him but they were blank. He seemed delirious. Porchey felt overwhelmed by sadness. He had been away at school, away at war and then away in India. Now he could feel that it was too late for both of them. Suddenly he felt exhausted.
That evening he had supper with his father’s colleague, Howard Carter, and his sister Evelyn. Eve had been out in Egypt with their father for weeks and was already very strained by the extraordinary events that had overtaken the 5th Earl’s investigations in the Valley of the Kings. Eve had been at his side to witness the momentous unsealing of Tutankhamun’s tomb, an event that generated massive excitement all over the world. After nearly twenty years of excavations in the desert, the 5th Earl of Carnarvon and Howard Carter, the brilliant Egyptologist, had made a discovery that would rewrite historians’ understanding of Ancient Egypt and fascinate people for generations to come. Now, just six weeks after stepping into the Shrine Room and Treasury, the first man to enter the tomb of the boy king in three thousand years lay desperately ill.
Porchey had hardly fallen asleep when he heard the knock. It was nearly two in the morning. One of the nurses put her head around his door. ‘Lord Porchester, hurry. I’m so sorry, your father has just died. Your mother has closed his eyes and would like you to go in and say a prayer.’
Porchey scrambled into a dressing gown and headed for his father’s rooms. Suddenly the hotel was plunged into darkness. Carefully he made his way along the corridor and into the suite. He could just make out his mother, on her knees at his father’s bedside, crying softly. He knelt down beside her and put his arm around her as he offered a small prayer of his own. ‘He fought so hard to live,’ whispered Almina, between tears, ‘but just at the end he said, “I have heard the call; I am preparing.’ ”
Porchey stayed a few minutes and then decided to leave his mother alone. He retreated from the bedroom to the sitting room where Eve, Dr Johnnie and Howard Carter had gathered. Somebody had brought a torch. A few minutes later, much to their relief, the lights came on again. Porchey and Eve hugged one another. Everyone was desperately upset, their faces showing exhaustion and sadness. Each of them, in their different way, had loved the 5th Earl.
In the days to come, the world’s newspapers would work themselves into a state of feverish excitement over the Earl’s death. ‘The curse of Tutankhamun’, shrieked the headlines. The press took great delight in suggesting that at the moment of Lord Carnarvon’s passing, the lights throughout Cairo had been extinguished by ghostly command of King Tut. The reality was more prosaic: power shortages were common in Cairo and the Earl had died of blood poisoning contracted from a mosquito bite that he had nicked while shaving. The cut festered in the Egyptian heat and the illness seeped steadily
through his body.
Lord Porchester was about to assume the role and responsibilities to which he had been born. It was a terrible shock. He was just twenty-five years old and, though his father’s health had never been robust, the 5th Earl was only fifty-six when he died. Lord Porchester had not expected to inherit for many years; he had just rejoined his regiment on the assumption that he had a long army career ahead of him. Porchey and Catherine had been married for less than a year and they must have expected that they had plenty of time to really get to know each other and establish themselves in their marriage before the duties attached to being the heads of the household claimed them.
Porchey sent a telegram to Catherine—their intuition had indeed been correct. She should sail for England as soon as possible. Though she had half expected this news, it must have been difficult to take in. In addition to the grief and the worry for her husband, Catherine had to prepare herself for a new life. She was no longer the wife of an army officer. Catherine had just become the chatelaine of Highclere Castle, one of the loveliest and most famous country houses in England. She and Porchey were now the 6th Earl and Countess of Carnarvon.
2
A Very English American
Catherine could never, as a child growing up in New York State, have expected to live in India, much less Highclere Castle. Then again, by the time she married Lord Porchester, she had already lived through a great deal of disruptive change. Catherine was the daughter of Jacob Wendell Jnr and his wife, Marian, née Fendall, and had been born Anne Catherine Tredick Wendell on 25 November 1900 in a house called Willowbank in Kittery, Maine—one of the family’s many homes. Her father wrote a teasing but evidently pleased-as-Punch letter to his Aunt Sallie to tell her the news. ‘I don’t know whether you’d call it a pretty baby or not: it reminded me more of a plucked turkey than anything else. Its eyes are blue and what hair it has is light. Marian is as happy as can be and delighted with her little daughter.’
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