by Norman Stone
P
Packard, Vance, Status Seekers
Pakistan:
and Afghanistan
American support for
and China
establishment of
nuclear weapons development
war in Kashmir
Palermo
Palestine:
British Mandate
partition
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
Palestinians
Palme, Olof
Panama
Panmunjom
papacy
Papandreou, Andreas
Paris:
1930s
1960s
Bibliothèque Nationale
bourgeoisie
Centre Beaubourg
Eiffel Tower
financial institutions
Louvre museum
metro
Musée’Orsay
Palais de Chaillot
post-war rationing
property prices
revolution of 1848
suburban tower blocks
Paris Commune
Paris Peace accords (1973)
Paris Peace conference (1947)
Paris summit (1960)
Parsifal (opera)
Partisan Review
Pasternak, Boris
Pathans
Patten, Chris, Baron Patten of Barnes
Patti, Adelina
Pavlov, Georgy
Pavlovsky, General Ivan
PDK (Kurdistan Democratic Party)
Pearl Harbor
Peasant Party (Hungarian)
peasantry
Chile
China
Cuba
Czechoslovakia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Poland
Romania
Russia / USSR
Turkey
Vietnam
Peck, Gregory
Pei, I. M.
Peking
PEN club
Peng Pai
Penguin (publishers)
penicillin
Penn Central railway
‘Pentagon Papers’
People’s Liberation Army see Red Army (Chinese)
perestroyka
Perkins, Thomas
Perle, Richard
Persepolis
Peter the Great
Petőfi, Sandor
petrochemicals industries
Pflimlin, Pierre
Philadelphia
Philby, Kim
Philipe, Gérard
Philippines
Phillips, Alban William
Phillips Curve
Phillips, Melanie
Phnom Penh
Phoenix, Arizona
Piaf, Édith
Picasso, Pablo
Pieck, Walter
pieds noirs
Pill, contraceptive
Pinay, Antoine
Piñera, José
Pinochet, Augusto
‘Pinochet solution’
Pinter, Harold
Pipes, Richard
Piscator, Erwin
Pitsunda
PKK (Kurdistan Workers’ Party)
Platts-Mills, John
Playboy (magazine)
Plaza Agreement (1985)
Pleiku
Pleven, René
PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization)
Plojhar, Mgr Josef
Plumb, Sir John
plutonium
Plyushch, Leonid
Podolia
Poindexter, John
Poitiers
Pol Pot
Poland:
agricultural collectivization
anti-semitism
anti-Soviet demonstrations
aristocracy
Catholic Church
coal industry
collapse of communism
Communist Party
communist takeover
Convention of Targowice (1792)
emigrants to Germany
ethnic German population
and France
under Gierek
under Gomułka
inflation
intelligentsia
Jews in
and Khrushchev’s relaxation attempts
and Marshall Plan
martial law (1981-2)
‘modernization’
oil money invested in
peasantry
relations with USSR
relations with West Germany
Second World War
Solidarność (‘Solidarity’)
Stalinization
steel industry
territorial losses
trade unions
UB (secret police)
Ukrainians in
universities
Warsaw Uprising (1944)
WRON (national security council)
Polaris (missile)
Poll Tax (Britain)
Pollitt, Brian
Pomerania
Pompidou, Georges
Ponomarev, Boris
Ponzi schemes
Poos, Jacques
population growth
collapse of
Porsche, Ferdinand
Port Said
Port Talbot
Port-au-Prince
Portugal
Potsdam
Potsdam conference (1945)
POUM (Spanish anarchist organization)
Powell, Charles, Baron
Poznan
Pozsgay, Imre
Prague:
architecture
Communists’ organized discontent
Czernin Palace
Kinsky Palace
museum of security police
revolution of 1989
Smichov
Stalinization
undamaged by war
working class
‘Prague Spring’
Prats, Carlos
Pravda (newspaper)
Prebisch, Raúl
Presley, Elvis
Preuves (magazine)
Primakov, Yevgeney
Prisender, Edgar
privatization of industry and services:
Britain
Chile
West Germany
prostitution
Protestant churches:
and economic development
in Germany
in Hungary
missionaries in China
Thirty Years War
see also Calvinist Church; Lutheran Church
Prussia
PUK (Patriotic Union of Kurdistan)
Punjab
‘pursuit of happiness’
Pusan
Pushkin, Alexander
‘Pushtunistan’
Putin, Vladimir
Q
Quang Tri (US combat base)
Queen Elizabeth, RMS
Quemoy islands
Quennell, Peter
R
Raab, Julius
radar
Radio Urumchi
Rákosi, Mátyás
Rakowski, Mieczysław
Rambouillet summit (1975)
Ramsay, Douglas
Rangel, Charles
Rangoon
Rapallo, Treaty of (1922)
Rasputin, Valentin
rationing:
Britain
East Germany
France
Ravenscraig steel works
Reader’s Digest (magazine)
Reagan, Nancy
Reagan, Ronald:
background and character
and Ceauşescu
and collapse of communism
core beliefs
defence policy
economic policy
election as President (1980); (1984)
enemies of
on failure of Johnson�
��s Great Society
and Goldwater campaign
Governor of California
Iran-Contra affair
marriages
oratory skills
and Poland
popularity
relationship with Margaret Thatcher
retirement
Savings and Loans crisis
‘The Speech’ (1980)
Strategic Defense Initiative (‘Star Wars’)
and universities
visits Britain
work regimen and leadership style
Récsk
Red Army (Chinese; ‘People’s Liberation Army’)
Red Army (Soviet):
atrocities committed by
conquering of eastern and central Europe
Second World War casualties
Red Army Faction
Red Brigades
Redford, Robert
Reece, Sir Gordon
Rees-Mogg, William, Baron
‘Reg Q’ (American interest rate regulation)
Regan, Donald
Reich, Robert
Reider, Jonathan
Reinhardt, Max
Remington Rand (corporation)
Rémond, René
Renault (automobile manufacturer)
reparations, First World War
reparations, Second World War:
German
Japanese
Soviet demands
Republican Party (United States)
Rerum Novarum (papal enyclical)
Reuter, Ernst
Reuther, Walter
revolutions of 1848
Rez, Adam
Rhee, Syngman
Rhineland
Rhodesia
Richter, Horst-Eberhard
Richter, Svyatoslav
Ridley, Nicholas, Baron Ridley of Liddesdale
Riesman, David, The Lonely Crowd
Rimbaud, Arthur
Robbins, Lionel, Baron
Robespierre, Maximilien
Robinson, Joan
Rocard, Michel
Rochet, Waldeck
Rockefeller, Nelson
Rodriguez, Carlos
Roe. Wade (1973)
Rohatyn, Felix
Rolls-Royce
Roman Empire
Romania:
communist takeover
economy
establishment of Romanian state
ethnic German population
fall of Ceauşescu
and France
Hungarian minority
Jews
Kurdish nationalists’ summer schools
labour camps
‘Little Entente’
nationalism
Orthodox Church
peasantry
Soviet annexation of Bessarabia
territorial gains from Hungary
universities
Rome:
airport bombing (1985)
student population
Rome, Treaty of (1957)
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano:
banking reform
and Chinesewar
and Johnson
and Kennedy
and Keynes
and lying
New Deal
reputation
and Supreme Court
Yalta conference (1945)
Röpke, Wilhelm
Rostov
Rostow, Walt
Rotterdam
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
Rover (automobile manufacturer)
Royal Dutch-Shell (oil company)
Royal Society
rubber
Rublev, Andrey
Rueff, Jacques
Ruhr
international authority
Ruhrgas
Ruijin
Rusk, Dean
Russell, Bertrand, 3rd Earl
Russell, Conrad, 5th Earl
Russia, Tsarist
Russia, post-Soviet
RussianWar (1917-23)
Russian Revolution (1917)
fortieth anniversary
Western views of
‘rust belt’
Rylands, George ‘Dadie’
Ryzhkov, Nikolay
S
Saarland
Sabanci dynasty
Sadat, Anwar
Saddam Hussein
Saigon:
American embassy
anti-American demonstrations
bombing of
fall of (1975)
French rule
refugee population
wartime squalor
St Anthony’s College, Oxford
St Louis, Missouri
St Petersburg (Leningrad)
Hermitage
Russian Museum
Soviet era slums
Zoo
Saint-Pulgent, Maryvonne de
Sakarya, battle of (1921)
Sakharov, Andrey
Saladin
Salisbury, Harrison
Salomon Brothers (bank)
Salonica
SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)
Saltén, Felix
Saltley Coke Depot
Salzburg Festival
Samara (Kuybyshev)
Samarkand
Samuelson, Paul
San Francisco
San Francisco Treaty (1951)
Sandys, Julian
Santiago, Chile
Catholic University
University of Chile
Santiago de Cuba
Sapieha, Cardinal Prince
Sartre, Jean-Paul
Saudi Arabia:
and Afghan war
and Iran
oil production
and Yom Kippur War (1973)
Savak (Iranian secret police)
Savings and Loans crisis (USA)
Saxony
Scargill, Arthur
Schacht, Hjalmar
Scheel, Walter
Schenectady, New York
Schiller, Karl
Schily, Otto
Schlesinger, James
Schleyer, Hanns-Martin
Schmidt, Helmut:
background and character
and Britain
and Carter
economic policy
and European Community
and Gierek
and Honecker
on the Left
Minister of Finances
Ostpolitik
Rambouillet summit (1975)
and Reagan administration
succeeds Brandt as Chancellor
Schoenberg, Arnold
Schreiberhau
Schuman, Robert
Schumpeter, Joseph
Scotland:
comparisons with Saxony
Conservative Party in
first recorded Scottish utterance
nationalism
Protestantism
referendum on independence (1979)
SDP (British Social Democratic Party)
‘Second Cold War’
Second World War:
bombing of Germany
British victories
German capitulation
Japanese surrender
Soviet victories
Victory Day (1945)
SED (East German Party of Socialist Unity)
Sédillot, René, Le Coût de la Révolution française
Seeckt, Hans von
Seldon, Arthur
Sellers, Peter
Selyunin, Vasily
Semipalatinsk
Semyonov, Vladimir
Şener, Mahmut
Seoul
serfdom
Servan-Schreiber, Jean-Jacques
Seton-Watson, Hugh
Sèvres Protocol (1956)
Shah of Iran (Mohammad Reza Pahlavi)
fall of
Shakespeare, William
Shakhnazarov, Georgy
Shanghai
S
hannon, Claude Elwood
Shanxi province
Shawcross, Hartley, Baron
Shcherbitsky, Vladimir
Sheehan, Neil
Sheffield
Sheffield, HMS
Shelest, Petro
Shell (oil company)
Sherman, Sir Alfred
Shevardnadze, Edward
Shigemitsu, Mamoru
Shigeru, Yoshida
shipbuilding
Shultz, George
Siberia
gas pipeline
Sibiu
Sichuan province
Sicily
Siemens-Schuckert (corporation)
Sihanouk, King
Sihanoukville
Siirt
Šik, Ota
Sikhs
Silesia
Simenon, Georges
Simes, Dmitri
Singapore
single parents
Sino-Soviet split
Sinop
Sissons, Michael
Six Day War (1967)
Skidelsky, Robert, Baron
Sladkevičius, Vincentas
Slansky, Rudolf
Slater Walker Securities (bank)
slavery
Slovakia:
author’s imprisonment in
Catholic Church
Communist Party
Democratic Party
Hungarians in
Jews in
Lutheran Church
nationalism
and ‘Prague Spring’
relations with Czech lands
Second World War
Secret Service
Slovenia
Slump, Great (1930s)
Smiley, Xan
Smith, Adam
Smith, David
Smith, Frederick
Smithsonian agreement (on exchange rates; 1971)
smoking bans
Smoot-Hawley tariff
snoek (fish)
Snow, C. P., Baron
Snow, Edgar
Sobchak, Anatoly
Social Democratic Party (British; SDP)
Social Democrats (Austrian)
Social Democrats (Czechoslovak)
Social Democrats (German; SPD):
post-war occupied Germany
Weimar Republic
West Germany
Social Democrats (Hungarian)
Socialist Unity Party (East German; SED)
‘soft professions’
solar power
Solidarność (‘Solidarity’; Polish trade union)
Solomentsev, Mikhail
Solvay, Ernest
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander
Somalia
Somoza, Anastasio
Sontag, Susan
Sopron
Sorbonne
Soros, George
SOS Racisme
South Africa
South Georgia
South Korea:
economic success
establishment of
shipbuilding
steel industry
wig exports
see also Korean War
South Vietnam:
American investment
Army (ARVN)
communist takeover
corruption
Diem regime
establishment of
fall of Saigon (1975)
land reform failure
refugee population see also Vietnam War
Soutou, Georges-Henri
Souvarine, Boris
Soviet Union see USSR
Sozialmarktwirtschaft (West German)
space programmes:
American
Soviet
Spain:
