Victory in the East

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Victory in the East Page 58

by John France


  Taleria, 313

  talevart or talevas, meaning shield, possible origin for Tafur. See above

  talpa, see penthouse

  Tamin (1062–1108), ruler of Mahdia, 48; see also Zirids

  Tancred, nephew of Bohemond, 16, 20, 21, 85, 104, 107, 122, 128, 129, 136, 169, 180, 217, 223, 225, 226, 229–30, 232, 237–8, 254–5, 262, 264, 286, 312, 335, 336, 343, 344, 345 351, 355, 356, 360, 363

  and Bethlehem, 330, 334, 347

  detached with Baldwin and rejoins main army, 137, 186, 187, 188

  evades oath to Alexius, 111, 115

  holds ‘Imm and Harem, 138

  opposes diversion to Jabala, 317

  and Raymond of Toulouse, 209, 316, 318, 322, 311; see also Cilician expedition

  Tancred’s tower, 254–5

  Tancred’s mountain, 230, 237

  Tangripermes emir of Ephesus, 155

  Taranges, 158

  Taranto, 47, 82

  Tarchaniotes, 153

  Tarsus, 140, 168, 173, 188, 194, 213, 217

  Tatikios, imperial representative on the crusade, 22, 111, 117, 165, 175, 256, 307

  and Armenian strategy, 193, 195

  at siege of Antioch, 220, 226, 243

  his ‘desertion’, 244

  experienced with westerners, 124

  his mission with the crusade, 133, 168–9

  at Nicaea, 122, 144

  at Philomelium, 301

  Tatoul, Armenian ruler of Marasch, 167, 192

  Taurus and Anti-Taurus mountains, 3, 167, 188–9

  difficulties and risks of crusade crossing, 125, 137, 190, 282

  technology and war, 27–8, 30

  of crusaders and their enemies, 370

  Tell-Bashir, 132, 194, 307

  Tell ach-Chaikh, 260

  Tell-Mannas, 261, 309

  Templars, 372

  testudo or tortoise, meaning military formation, 206, 239, 345

  at Nicaea meaning penthouse (see above), 164

  thegn, 4, 61, 74

  Themes, army of or themata, 150

  Theodore Gabras of Trebizond, 301

  Thessalonika, 3, 105

  Thierry, abbot of St Evroul, 209

  Thoros, princes of Edessa, 156, 167–8

  asks for aid from Baldwin, 195

  deposed, 132, 304

  Thomas of Marie, lord of Coucy, 91–2

  Tinchebrai, battle in 1106, 72, 77, 373

  Tornikios, 151

  tormentis (siege machines), 354

  torsion, 49

  Tortosa, 134

  captured by Raymond Pilet, 309, 318, 319

  Tosti, brother of Harold, 61–2, 67

  Tournai, brothers of, first to enter Jerusalem, 352; see also Engelbert and Ludolf

  Tours, 52, 53

  Transoxania, 145

  trial by battle, proposed in embassy to Kerbogah, 280, 283

  Trikala, 76

  Tripoli, 199, 317, 319, 322, 326, 327

  emissary at Jerusalem, 328, 346

  treaty with and its terms, 323, 328, 329; see also Banū-’Ammār

  Tudela, 9, 12

  Tughril Bey, Turkish Sultan, 146, 149

  Tughtigin, minister of Duqaq, 199, 237, 261

  Tulina, 105

  Turks, 120, 127, 142, 152, 159, 169, 198, 305

  archery, its range and effectiveness, 147–8, 370–1

  armour of, 149, 204–5, 206

  in Byzantine service, 76

  in Egyptian service, 166, 359–60

  origins of and entry to Islam, 145–6, 305

  tactics, 147–9, 158–9, 162, 192–3, 204, 206, 232, 233, 238–9, 241, 270, 280–1, 381–2

  Turks of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rhum, 3, 93, 110, 145, 155, 156, 159, 307, 369, 370–1

  approached for aid by son of Yaghisiyan, 199

  defiance of Grand Seljuks, 305

  at Dorylaeum, 132, 137, 174, 175, 180

  and native Christians, 190

  conquest of Asia Minor, 151–5, 355

  in Kerbogah’s army, 261, 290, 292

  loss of western Asia Minor, 300

  military capacity, 157–9

  nature of government, 155, 157, 159

  numbers and losses at Dorylaeum, 127, 157, 184

  and People’s Crusade, 95, 136

  specialist troops at Nicaea, 159

  Turks of Baghdad and Syria, Grand Seljuks, 31, 45, 155–6, 160, 166, 196, 197–200, 305

  conquest of the Caliphate of Baghdad, 145–6, 166, 200, 305, 359

  conciliation of notable families, 201–2

  divisions after death of Malik Shah, 166–7, 197–9, 203, 304–7, 358, 368

  harass crusaders at Antioch, 138

  government and military organisation of, 159, 200–6

  numbers in armies, 202

  slowness of response to First Crusade, 203

  Sunnite orthodoxy of, 145, 166

  Turkish troops under, 202; see also Alp Arslan, Berkyaruk, Duqaq, Malik Shah, Ridwan, Tughril Bey, Tutush Shah

  Turkestan, 145

  Tutush Shah, brother of Malik Shah, ruling in Syria, 153, 156, 166, 197, 202

  death of in 1095, 167, 198; see also sons Duqaq and Ridwan

  Two Sisters, name of Firuz’s tower, 264; see Firuz

  Tyana (Kemerhisar), 185

  Tyre, 329, 358

  Tzachas, emir of Smyrna, 110, 300

  Ulric, bishop of Orléans, 101

  Urban, II, pope (1088–99), 81, 84

  and Alexius, 97, 108–10, 117, 156

  and leadership of the crusade, 97–8

  and the idea of the crusade, 8, 10, 13–14, 304

  legates created, 303; see also Alexander and Arnulf

  legation to the Genoese, 98

  letters concerning the crusade, 5

  letter of leaders to, 130

  meets North French army at Lucca, 102–3

  planning of the crusade, 96–8, 108

  preaching of the crusade, 1, 2, 4–6, 11, 19, 79, 80, 82, 88, 65

  and Raymond of Toulouse, 20, 97–8

  in South Italy, 47

  and Spain, 8–9

  union of the churches of east and west, 97, 371, 375; see also Adhémar

  Uzes, 145

  Valania, 211

  Valentinois, counts of, 45 (see also Adhémar of Le Puy)

  Val-ès-Dunes, battle of in 1047, 52

  Varaville, battle of in 1057, 36, 54, 56

  Varangian guard, 75, 101, 150

  Vardar, crossing of, 104, 107

  vassals, 6, 30, 44, 47, 77

  and castles, 40

  their decisions to take the cross, 19–20

  loyalty of in war, 9, 26, 43, 54

  Vegetius, Roman writer on war, 28, 42, 236

  Venetians, 74, 99; see also fleets

  Verdun, 48, 84

  Vexin, 12, 355

  Via Egnetia, 75, 101, 103, 104, 105, 107

  Via Gemina, 104

  visions, see Adhémar, St Ambrose, Jerusalem, Peter Bartholemew, Peter Desiderius

  Vitry, massacre, of, 9

  Vizir, chief minister of sultans controlling the Diwans, 200, 201

  Vodena, 103

  volunteers in Islamic armies, 294, 308, 309, 360

  Wadi Djiudas, 329

  Wadi al-Quivaisiya, 229, 271, 292

  Wadi Zoiba, 223, 226, 265

  Wace, 36, 54, 57, 59

  wagons, 76, 95

  Walter FitzWaleran, 90

  Walter Sans Avoir, 88, 90–1, 93, 95

  Walter of St-Valéri-sur-Somme, 248

  war, and castles, 37–47

  ideas about in the west, 4

  Holy War, 4, 5, 10

  Islamic writing about, 206

  in Spain, 8–9, 12–13

  private, 41

  Wassab ibn-Mahmud, 261, 290

  Wieselburg, fortress, 92

  Weif, a Burgundian at Adana, 194

  Werelinghoven, Jews persecuted at, 92

  William, bishop of Orange, 98, 211, 303

&
nbsp; William the Conqueror, 2, 19–20, 26, 32, 36, 42, 43, 44, 52, 53, 54, 55–72, 73, 74, 83, 100, 113, 215, 355

  death of, 39, 41

  will of, 77, 80; see also Hastings

  William II Rufus, 26, 39, 40, 41, 64, 77

  pawns Normandy from Curthose, 84

  war with Curthose, 77–8, 80

  treaty of 1093 with Robert II of Flanders, 77, 126

  William FitzOsborn, 55, 57

  William Goel, 41–2

  William Ricau, Genoese engineer, 212, 346

  William the Carpenter, 13, 91

  deserts crusade, 241–2, 270, 301

  William the Marshal, 9, 10

  William the Picard, 319

  William of Apulia, chronicler, 46, 168

  William of Breteuil, 41–3, 47

  William of Grandmesnil, 82

  deserts at Antioch, 134, 274

  at Philomelium, 300–1

  William of Jumièges, chronicler, 32

  William of Malmesbury, chronicler, 80, 84, 216

  William of Montpellier, 314, 331

  William of Poitiers, chronicler, 19, 36, 42, 53, 54, 58, 60, 67, 69, 70

  William of Sabran, 337

  William of Tyre, chronicler, 172, 174, 264, 265, 334, 378, 379

  William-Hugo of Monteil, 216, 347

  women and children, of enemy, 294; see also crusades, First Crusade, Dorylaeum

  Xanten, Jews persecuted at, 92

  Xerigordo, massacre at, 93

  Yaghisiyan, Governor of Antioch, 197, 198, 228, 274

  his death, 196, 268

  his garrison, 202, 203, 223, 224

  profits from divisions of Seljuks, 167

  rebellions against as crusaders appear, 198–9, 257

  wife ransomed, 217; see Shams-ad-Daulah and Muhammed

  Yavne, Yibna, formerly Ibelin, 361

  Yenişehir, 171–2

  York, Norse attack on, 61–2, 67

  Yousuf ben-Abiks, lord of Marbij, 199, 293

  Ysoard of Ganges, 254

  Zirids, ruling family of Mahdia, 48

  use of western mercenaries, 218; see also Tamin

 

 

 


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