Theatre Royal, 292
Throg’s Neck, 281
Throop, Dyar, 332, 333
Times (London), 485
tobacco, 21–22, 34, 83
as economic trap, 163
Washington’s growing of, 101, 102, 151, 161, 164, 166, 172
toleration, 16
Tom (slave), 179–80
Tome, Philip, 519
Tom Jones (Fielding), 42
Tonawanda, N.Y., 404
Tonowanda reservation, 507
Tories, American, see loyalists
Tory Party, Great Britain, 133
Tournai, 39
Townshend, Charles, 183
Townshend Duties:
House of Burgesses’s opposition to, 190
passage of, 183
repeal of, 194
threats of violence against, 184, 185, 187
Whig opposition to, 229
writings opposed to, 183–85
trade, 16
in Africa, 28–29, 48–49
boat, 49
in Fredericksburg, 34
fur, 62, 64
between Seneca and Europeans, 59
Treatise of Military Discipline, A, 125
Trenchard, John, 156
Trenton, N.J., 283–85, 455
trial by jury, 288
Trinity Church, 289, 468
Trinity College, 24
Trump, Donald, 505
Tryon, William, 247–48
tuberculosis, 50, 65
Tull, Jethro, 172
Tupper, Benjamin, 247
Turkey, 50
Turtle’s Heart, 148
Tuscaroras, 54, 58, 214, 277
at Albany Conference, 98
Iroquois targeting of, 366–67
29th Connecticut “Colored” Regiment, 407
Twi, 28
Two Treatises of Government (Locke), 117
United States:
naming of, 435
Treaty of Paris signed by, 413–14
utopias, 237–38
Valley Forge, 328–29, 330, 336, 342–43, 437
van Braam, Jacob, 77, 82
Van Rensselaer family, 62, 240
van Schaack, Henry, 169
van Schaick, Jacob Gerritse, 62
Vaughan, Thomas, 446
Venice, Italy, 411
Vermont, 477–78
Vernon, Edward, 40
Vesuvius, Mount, 411
Villa Pamphili, 411
Ville de Paris, 389
Vindication of the Rights of Woman, A (Wollstonecraft), 469
Virginia, 69, 77, 105, 126, 145, 159, 162, 174, 191, 493
code of conduct in, 32
Constitution ratified by, 450
defense of, 88
provincial congress in, 243
as radical colony, 205
right to collect taxes in, 166
slavery in, 351–52
Washington’s considering attack on, 381
Virginia Convention, 203–6
Virginia General Assembly, 89
Virginia Militia:
lack of discipline in, 125–26
uniforms of, 125
Washington put in command of, 124
Washington’s creation of, 125
Virginia plan, 435, 436–37
Virginia resolution, 166, 239
Visscher, Matthew, 334, 335, 472
Voltaire, 459
Wales, 337, 338–39
Wallace, James, 228
Walpole, Horace, 86, 318
on Cornwallis’s surrender, 395
on Lord North, 195
Germain criticized by, 140
Washington criticized by, 93
War of Austrian Succession, 37–40, 86, 111, 146
War of 1812, 501–2
Washington, Ann Fairfax, 40
Washington, Augustine (Gus), 20, 21–22, 36, 40, 106
Washington, Augustine (half-brother), 40, 89
Washington, Betty, 22
Washington, Charles, 22
Washington, D.C.:
building of, 462, 487
slavery in, 493
Washington, George, 74
as absent from Cornplanter’s meeting with Congress, 426–27
accused of hypocrisy on slavery issue, 478
ambition of, 5, 45–46, 102, 126–27, 129, 131–32, 160–61
American identity of, 5
as annoyed with Gates over Saratoga victory, 316
as annoyed with recruiting by state government, 385, 387
appearance of, 5, 43, 122, 207, 244, 260
and Arnold plot, 377
and arrival of French fleet, 385–86
attack on New York considered by, 381, 382, 385, 386
background of, 5
Barbados visited by, 45, 66
birth of, 19–20
as bitter against Britain, 5
boredom at presidential dinners of, 460–61
Boston fired on by, 219–21, 234
in Braddock’s march to Forks of the Ohio, 104–8, 312, 436
in Brandywine Creek battle, 313–15, 326, 329, 347
British commission desired by, 126, 128, 129, 131
and British criticism over Jumonville killing, 93
burning of New York considered by, 268–69
called “Town Destroyer” by Iroquois, 357, 463, 464
changing war strategy of, 386
code of conduct followed by, 32, 33–34, 125, 173
in Coghlan’s book, 485
Coghlan’s meeting with, 260
and Coghlan’s toast to Howe, 262
colonial tour of, 126–28
Cornplanter’s meetings with, 463–67, 482, 483–85, 499, 553n
correspondence of, 429–30
criticized for Jay Treaty, 477, 478
dancing by, 35, 41, 42, 43, 127, 160, 388
death of, 489
and death of Jack Custis, 400
debt of, 162, 163, 166–67, 486
in decision to fight Iroquois, 4–5
Declaration of Independence ordered read to soldiers by, 253–54
demoted to captain in militia, 102
discipline by, 248.328
dysentery of, 107, 124
education of, 32–34, 42–43, 114
in escape to New Jersey, 282–83
European fame of, 376
expensive purchases of, 127, 161–62, 444
experimental crops grown by, 172
Fairfax as mentor of, 41–42, 43–44, 75–76, 213, 454
and fall of Charleston, 364
farewell address of, 478–79
father idolized by, 20, 21
and father’s death, 22, 36, 57, 106
as fearful of French Revolution, 461–62
in First Continental Congress, 203, 204
as first president, 453–56
fishery developed by, 172–73
and Forbes’s march to Forks of the Ohio, 129–30
on formation of military academy, 488
in Fort Duquesne battle, 108–9, 123, 152, 312
in Fort Necessity battle, 91, 102, 105, 108, 124, 144
and France’s joining of American Revolution, 342–43
at Fredericksburg fairs, 35–36
French fleet sent to aid, 385–86
Gates’s relationship with, 312–13, 317–18
as general of colonial forces, 212–14
in Germantown battle, 315
Greene promoted by, 380
growing deafness of, 461, 476
growing fame of, 86, 88, 124, 126, 204
Half King’s agreement to accompany, 78–80
Hamilton’s relationship with, 330, 378
Hessians attacked in Trenton by, 284–85
Hickey ordered hanged by, 248
honor sought by, 5, 32, 88, 89, 102, 103–4, 109, 121, 124, 126, 129–30, 132, 161–62, 214, 271, 272
horsemanship studied by, 42–43
House of Burgesses election won by, 161
a
nd Howe’s move to Philadelphia, 310–11
implored to lead country, 401–2
inauguration of, 456, 495
and individualism, 294
infertility of, 167
as intending to retire after Revolution, 403, 411, 428–29
invited to join Braddock’s campaign, 103–4
as judge in Fairfax, 173
and killing of Jumonville, 90–91, 92–93, 99, 143–44
in Kip’s Bay battle, 270–71, 281
and Lafayette’s push for abolition, 420
Lafayette’s relationship with, 329–30
and Lawrence’s death, 45–46
Lee’s criticism of, 283
legacy of, 506
marriage of, 160
at military headquarters dinners, 261–62
militia disciplined by, 126
on mission to assess French movement in Ohio, 89–91, 102, 105, 124, 140
Mississippi Land Company investment of, 164
at Monmouth battle, 344–46
mother brought to ball by, 429
Mount Vernon work ordered by, 272
Mount Vernon visited in wartime by, 389
move of capital to Potomac approved by, 462
in move to Chesapeake, 386–89
in move to Congressional Congress, 431–32
in move to New York, 244
named commander in chief of American forces by Adams, 488
in New London, 121–22, 123
New York escape plan of, 254
in New York evacuation, 267–68, 274
notes on Indians of, 44
as opposed to enlistment of blacks, 221, 330, 350
and peace commission, 256–57, 261
peace with Britain urged by, 206–7
plans for removal of, 317–18
in plan to trap Cornwallis, 387
poverty of, 43
in preparation for French and Indian War, 94
as president of Constitutional Convention, 434
promoted to lieutenant colonel in militia, 88–89
property purchased by, 45
put in command of Virginia militia, 124
quick war expected by, 248
questioning of leadership of, 314–15, 316–17
as quiet during Constitutional Convention, 435
recruits to colonial militia trained by, 206
on repeal of Stamp Act, 172
retirement from British army, 132
retirement of, 486–88
in retreat from Long Island, 266–67, 270
Revolution seen as war of ideas by, 253–54
Rodney’s desire for bribe of, 363
runaway slaves of, 178–79
salary not accepted by, 213, 245
Schuyler’s relationship with, 312
in Second Continental Congress, 207, 212–14, 215
siblings cared for by, 22, 32
on signing of Constitution, 439
slaves inherited by, 22
slaves leased to, 102
slave sold in Caribbean by, 179–80
slaves worked by, 161, 172, 179, 183, 333
smallpox of, 45
Stamp Act opposed by, 166–67, 172, 187
strong federal government desired by, 402–3
surrender to French of, 91, 92
surveying by, 44–45, 76, 78
term “slave” avoided by, 163
threat of war delivered to French by, 75–76, 77–80, 84, 87
tobacco grown by, 101, 102, 151, 161, 164, 166, 172
as toothless, 476
Townshend Duties opposed by, 183–84, 185, 190, 191
and Treaty of Fort Stanwix renegotiations, 482
treaty with Britain desired by, 473, 476–77
treaty with Spain negotiated by, 478
uniforms of, 125, 244–45
at Valley Forge, 328–29, 330, 336, 342–43, 437
Virginia Militia created by, 125
waning admiration for Britain, 123, 140, 167–68
war journal kept by, 385, 387
war strategy of, 269–70
wartime despondency of, 271–72
westward expansion desired by, 129, 164, 165, 167, 172
in winter quarters in Morristown, 289, 296, 364–65
as worried about disordered troops in New York, 246–47
as worried about Indians in Revolutions, 349, 352–54, 365
as worried about slaves in Revolution, 349, 350–51, 354
Washington, Jack, 104
Washington, Jane, 21
Washington, John, 22, 79
Washington, Lawrence, 40, 42, 45–46, 66, 76, 102
Washington, Martha Dandridge Custis, 431
children of, 167
Coghlan’s meeting with, 260
and death of Jack Custis, 400
marriage of, 160
in New York, 246, 460
at President’s Mansion, 460
slaves owned by, 161
and Washington’s becoming president, 455
and Washington’s death, 489
and Washington’s joining of Continental Congress, 203
and Washington’s wartime visit to Mount Vernon, 389
in Yorktown battle, 390–91, 411
Washington, Mary Ball (mother), 21, 22, 42, 44–45, 46, 104, 106–7, 429
Washington, Mildred, 22
Washington, Samuel, 22
wealth, redistribution of, 237
Weas, 148
Webb, Samuel, 259
Webster, Noah, 429
weights, 51
Wells, Robert, 348
West Africa, 16, 70
West Indies, 385, 397
Westminster Hall, 157
West Point, 377
westward expansion, 159, 164, 165, 167, 429
Washington’s desire for, 164, 165, 167, 172
see also Ohio Company of Virginia
Whacket, 332
whaling, 223, 226
wheat, 172, 192
Wheeler, Richard, 173
Whig Party, Great Britain, 16, 133, 259
freedom as viewed by, 229–30, 459
George III’s urging to rally around government, 373
opposed to use of German mercenaries, 233
reform of aristocracy demanded by, 361–62
White, Amos, 383
Whitehall, 231, 234, 256, 280, 299–300, 341
White Plains, N.Y., 252–53, 254, 256, 267
battle at, 281
Wilkes, John, 156–58, 159, 165, 171–72, 211
Wilkes-Barre, Pa., 172
William, George, 41
Williams, Edward, 64
Williams, Elisha, 96
Williams, Thomas, 168
Williamsburg, Va., 75, 77, 83, 88, 102, 106, 161, 163–64, 165–66, 190, 201
gunpowder in, 206–7
Willing & Morris, 360
Wills Creek, 105
Wilmington, Del., 455
Wilson, James, 109–10
Winchester, 125, 128
Winne, Jellis, 64
Wintermute, 346
Winthrop, John, Jr., 70
Winthrop family, 70, 101, 120
Wolf Clan, 55, 141, 277
Wollstonecraft, Mary, 469
women, political involvement in Britain of, 441–42
women’s rights, 7, 8–9, 293, 294
education and, 469
forced marriage and, 8, 486
in French Revolution, 469
written contracts, 352
Wyandots, 59
Wyoming Valley, 306, 346, 347
Yates, Abraham, Jr., 394
at Albany Conference, 96, 97, 98, 144
Albany quarantine ordered by, 472–73
animosity for British, 123, 140
appointed mayor of Albany, 472
attempt to create workers party, 236
background of, 8
Bill of Rights desired by, 453
birth of, 61
and Boston
Tea Party, 195
and British ships on Hudson, 256
Constitutional Convention opposed by, 433, 436
Constitution supported by, 453, 462
as continental loan officer, 358–60, 364, 416–17, 432, 448
daughter born to, 151
and daughter’s wedding, 357–58
death of, 474–75, 479
death of children of, 95
debts of, 417
Declaration of Independence heard by, 252–53
De Lancey’s chastising of, 117–18
descendants of, 505
in disputes with soldiers in Albany, 111–14, 116–17, 119, 135, 449
in dispute with Loudon, 112–14, 116–18, 129, 131
education of, 110, 114, 116
elected assistant alderman, 64–65, 193
elected constable, 63
elected to city council, 64–65, 192
federalists vs., 416, 419, 447, 473, 474
and federal taxes, 417
fever of, 285, 287, 288, 289
freedom important to, 238–39
gout of, 236, 285, 432
Hamilton’s lunch with, 448–49
house built by, 168, 192
Indian Affairs Commission’s files reorganized by, 99–100, 110
and individualism, 294
Jay Treaty denounced by, 474
as lacking in status, 62–63
in land dispute with Albany elites, 194
land investments of, 192
legal career of, 168, 192, 194, 236
legal memorandum against Loudon written by, 116–17
Livingston as mentor to, 114, 116, 117, 153, 204, 251
made deputy secretary to Indian Affairs Commission, 99
made sheriff of Albany, 110
maps desired by, 333–34
money problems of, 62, 95
New York evacuation organized by, 267–69
New York history written by, 474
Philip Schuyler’s contentious relationship with, 275
politics studied by, 236–38, 242–43
pragmatic writings of, 9
in preparation for French and Indian attack, 109, 111
puzzled by American radicalism, 236–38
ratification of Constitution opposed by, 447–50, 451, 452–53
revolution against elites desired by, 241, 505
“rights of the people” defended by, 64–65
Rough Hewer essays of, 418, 419, 453
rumor of death of, 447
in run for State Senate, 335–36
shoemaker apprenticeship of, 62, 65
Sons of Liberty urging of promise on Stamp Act from, 167–69, 187
Stamp Act violence deplored by, 169–70
state government set up by, 286–87
suspicious of Bill of Rights, 450–51
voted off council, 194, 236, 241
voted to provincial congress, 244, 248
Washington’s letter on Kip’s Bay battle to, 271
wedding of, 64, 358
and wife’s death, 474
as worried about French Revolution, 473
as worried about powers of Congress, 416, 431, 433, 434, 435, 438
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