Armstrong, C. B. “The Casualty Lists in the Trojan War.” Greece and Rome 16 (1969), 30–31.
Bachhuber, Christoph. “The Treasure Deposits of Troy: Rethinking Crisis and Agency on the Early Bronze Age Citadel.” Anatolian Studies 59 (2009), 1–18.
Butler, Elizabeth Wayland. Women’s Work: The First 20,000 Years: Women, Cloth and Society in Early Times. New York: Norton, 1994.
Carter, J. B., and S. P. Morris. The Ages of Homer. A Tribute to E. Townsend Vermeule. 1995; reprint, Austin: University of Texas Press, 1998.
Easton, D. F. “Heinrich Schliemann: Hero or Fraud?” Classical World 91, no. 5, The World of Troy (May–June 1998), 335–43.
______. “Priam’s Gold: The Full Story.” Anatolian Studies 44 (1994), 221–43.
Easton, D. F., J. D. Hawkins, A. G. Sherratt and E. S. Sherratt. “Troy in Recent Perspective.” Anatolian Studies 52 (2002), 75–109.
Jacobs, Bruce A., and Richard Wright. Street Justice: Retaliation in the Criminal Underworld. Cambridge Studies in Criminology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Meyer, E. “Schliemann’s Letters to Max Müller in Oxford.” Journal of Hellenic Studies 82 (1962), 75–105.
Neal, Tamara. “Blood and Hunger in the Iliad.” Classical Philology 101, no. 1 (Jan. 2006), 15–33.
Sánchez-Jankowski, Martín. Islands in the Street: Gangs and American Urban Society. Oakland: University of California Press, 1991.
Simpson, Colton, with Ann Pearlman. Inside the Crips. Cambridge: St. Martin’s Press, 2005.
Treister, Mikhail. “The Trojan Treasures: Description, Chronology, Historical Context.” In The Gold of Troy, edited by Vladimir Tolstikov and Mikhail Treister. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1996, 225–29.
Wright, James C. “The Place of Troy among the Civilizations of the Bronze Age.” Classical World 91, no. 5, The World of Troy (May–June 1998), 356–68.
THE VIEW IN THE MIRROR
Beckman, Gary, ed. Hittite Diplomatic Texts. 2nd ed. SBL Writings from the Ancient World series. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 1999.
Cook, J. M. “Bath-Tubs in Ancient Greece.” Greece and Rome, 2nd ser., 6, no. 1 (Mar. 1959), 31–41.
Dothan, T. The Philistines and Their Material Culture. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1982.
Dothan, T., and M. Dothan. People of the Sea: The Search for the Philistines. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1992.
Finkelberg, Margalit. “Timē and Aretē in Homer.” Classical Quarterly, new ser., 48, no. 1 (1998), 14–28.
Gardiner, A. H. Hieratic Papyri in the British Museum, Third Series: Chester Beatty Gift. I, 41. London: British Museum, 1935.
Gilgamesh. Epic XI.239–55. Translated in Gary A. Rendsburg, “Notes on Genesis XXXV.” Vetus Testamentum 34, fasc. 3 (July 1984), 361–66.
Gitin, Seymour, Amihai Mazar, and Ephraim Stern, eds. Mediterranean Peoples in Transition, Thirteenth to Early Tenth Centuries B.C.E. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1998.
Güterbock, Hans G. “Hittites and Akhaeans: A New Look.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 128, no. 2 (June 1984), 114–22.
Hays, J. Daniel. “Reconsidering the Height of Goliath.” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 48, no. 4 (Dec. 2005), 701–14.
Hodge, Carleton T. “Indo-Europeans in the Near East.” Anthropological Linguistics 35, no. 1/4, A Retrospective of the Journal Anthropological Linguistics: Selected Papers, 1959–1985 (1993), 90–108.
Kelly, Adrian. “Homer and History: ‘Iliad’ 9.381–4.” Mnemosyne, 4th ser., 59, fasc. 3 (2006), 321–33.
Kemp, Barry. Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilisation. Oxford: Routledge, 2007.
Mallory, J. P., and D. Q. Adams. The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Parkinson, R. B., ed. and trans. The Tale of Sinuhe and Other Egyptian Poems, 1940–1640 BC. 1997; reprint, Oxford University Press, 2009.
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Reece, Steve. “The Homeric asaminthos: Stirring the Waters of the Mycenaean Bath.” Mnemosyne, 4th ser., 55, fasc. 6 (2002), 703–8.
Stager, L. E. “The Impact of the Sea Peoples in Canaan (1185–1050 BCE).” in The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land, edited by T. E. Levy, 332–48. Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1995.
West, Martin L. “Atreus and Attarissiyas.” Glotta 77 (2001), 262–66.
Yadin, Azzan. “Goliath’s Armor and Israelite Collective Memory.” Vetus Testamentum 54, fasc. 3 (July 2004), 373–95.
ODYSSEUS’S JOURNEYS
Abulafia, David. The Great Sea: A Human History of the Mediterranean. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Benton, Sylvia. “Note on Sea-Birds.” Journal of Hellenic Studies 92 (1972), 172–73.
Boraston, J. MacLair. “The Birds of Homer.” Journal of Hellenic Studies 31 (1911), 216–50.
Diodorus Siculus. Library of History, 5.3.2. Online at http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/5A*.html.
Friedrich, Paul. “An Avian and Aphrodisian Reading of Homer’s Odyssey.” American Anthropologist, new ser., 99, no. 2 (June 1997), 306–20.
Helms, Mary W. Ulysses’ Sail: An Ethnographic Odyssey of Power, Knowledge and Geographical Distance. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1988.
Reade, Julian. Assyrian Sculpture. 1983; reprint, London: British Museum, 1988.
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Russell, Anthony. “In the Middle of the Corrupting Sea: Cultural Encounters in Sicily and Sardinia between 1450–900 BC.” PhD thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011, online at http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2670/.
Waterhouse, Helen. “From Ithaca to the Odyssey.” Annual of the British School at Athens 91 (1996), 301–17.
HOMER’S MEANING
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Erdman, David V., ed. The Complete Poetry and Prose of William Blake, revised edition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982.
Ferber, Michael. “Shelley and ‘The Disastrous Fame of Conquerors.’” Keats-Shelley Journal 51 (2002), 145–73.
Oswald, Alice. Memorial: An Excavation of the Iliad. London: Faber, 2011.
Plett, Heinrich F. Enargeia in Classical Antiquity and the Early Modern Age: The Aesthetics of Evidence. Leiden: Brill, 2012.
Rorty, Richard. “Against Belatedness.” London Review of Books, June 16, 1983, 3–5.
Sontag, Susan. Review of Selected Essays, by Simone Weil (1962), translated by Richard Rees. New York Review of Books, Feb. 1, 1963.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This is to thank everyone who, over many years, knowingly or not, has helped me along Homer’s tangled paths.
George Fairhurst; Vassilis Papadimitriou; Gavin Francis; Robert Macfarlane; Ali Serle; Juliet Nicolson; Rebecca Nicolson; Aurea Carpenter; Andrew Palmer; Paul Johnston; Alexandra Chaldecott; Ivan Samarine; Jim Richardson; Oliver Payne; Claire Whalley; Koenraad Kuiper; Liz Broomfield; Mary Keen; Laura Beatty; Martin Thomas; Matthew Reynolds; Matthew Rice; Nicholas Purcell; Philip Marsden; Robert Sackville-West; Richard Klein; Sarah Longley; Sigrid Rausing; Stephen Romer; Thomas Pennybacker; Casey Dué; David Sansone; Garry Fabian Miller; Charlie Burrell; Issy Burrell.
Sofka Zinovieff is the best friend, guide and companion anyone could wish for. Tim Dee took me to all sorts of Homeric places in a way that transformed my understanding of Homer. Caroline Alexander came and talked about my Homeric ideas for many vigorous and illuminating hours. David Anthony provided supremely helpful signposts to the world of the steppe.
I would particular
ly like to thank Kylie Richardson of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and Matt Hosty of Jesus College, Oxford, for the care and trouble they took in saving me from the worst of mistakes. Needless to say, they bear no responsibility for those that remain.
At Henry Holt, Courtney Reed has been efficiency itself and Jack Macrae nothing short of an inspiration. I would particularly like to thank Zoë Pagnamenta, my agent, for encouragement and brilliance over many years.
Above all I want to thank my wife, Sarah, and the children for co-habiting with Homer, who is not the easiest of houseguests, for quite so long. This book is dedicated to them.
Sarah Raven
Molly Nicolson
Rosie Nicolson
Benedict Nicolson
William Nicolson
Thomas Nicolson
INDEX
The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your e-book. Please use the search function on your e-reading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.
Abydos
Achaea
Achilles
Briseis and
death of
ghost of
hair of
hands of
lyre and
meeting of Hector and
shield of
steppe culture and
Addison, Joseph
Aegean Sea
aegis
Aegisthus
Aeneas
Aeschylus, Oresteia
Aesop
Afghanistan
Africa
Agamemnon
Briseis and
death of
Agricola, Georgius
Ahhiyawa
Ajax
Alaksandu
Albania
Alcinous
Alexander the Great
Alexandria
Ptolemaic library
alphabet
Phoenician
amber
amethyst
Amurru
anagnōrsis
Anatolia
Andalusia
Andromachē
animals
sacrifices
See also specific animals
Antiopē
Aphrodite
Apollinaire, Guillaume
Apollo
Apulia
Aramaeans
Arcadia
archaeology
Buchner and
Petrie and
Shaft Graves
Troy
Ulu Burun ship wreck
Arēs
Argolid
Argos
Aristarchus
Aristotle
Rhetoric
Armenia
Arnold, Matthew
arsenic
Artemis
Ashnan
Asinē
Astyanax
Atē
Athene
Athens
Atlantic Ocean
Atreus
Attarissiya
Attica
Auk
axes
Azores
azurite
Babylon
Bachelard, Gaston, The Poetics of Space
Baghdad
Bagot, Reverend Walter
Bajgorić, Halil
Balboa, Vasco Núñez de
Balkans
Baltic Sea
Barlow, Joel
Bašić, Ibrahim
baths
of Circe
beach
leaving a
beauty
of warriors
Belarus
Bellerophon
Benbecula
Bentley, Richard
Beowulf
Berlin
Bible
birds
Odysseus visited by
Black Sea
blackwood
Blackwood’s Magazine
Blake, William
Blegen, Carl
blindness
Boardman, John
Bogaskale
Bosnia
Boston Museum of Fine Arts
bow and arrow
Briseis
British Museum
bronze
spearheads
tin-copper alloy
weaponry
Bronze Age
cross-continental journeys
European
iron in
Ulu Burun ship wreck
weaponry
White Horse
Broodbank, Cyprian
Buchner, Giorgio
Bulgaria
burial mounds
Butler, Samuel
Byblos
Byzantium
editions of Iliad
caesura
Calabria
calcite
Calliope
Calvert, Frank
Calypso
Campania
Canaan
cannibalism
canoes
Caravaggio
Carthage
Caspian Sea
Caspian steppe
cattle
Caucasus
Cebriones
Celts
coins
Chalcondyles, Demetrius
Chania
Chapman, George
chariots
races
technology
childbirth
children
graves of
of Troy
China
Chinflón
Chios
choreia
Christianity
cinnabar
Circe
city-states
Clarke, Charles Cowden
classicism
Clytemnestra
coinage
Celtic
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor
Collins, Tim
Columbus, Christopher
Congreve, William
Constant, Benjamin, Adolphe
Constantinople
copper
mining
copying texts
Corinth
Cornwall
Cortés
cosmology
Cowper, William
crafts
creed
cremation
Crete
writing
crocus-cloth
Crusades
cummings, e. e.
cuneiform
Cyclades
Cyclops
Cyprus
Czech Republic
dactyls
Daedalus
dance
Dante
Danube River
David and Goliath
dawn, departures at
Dead Sea Scrolls
death
burial mounds
Egypt and
funeral pyre
Iliad and
masks
meadow of
of Patroclus
Pithekoussai graves
thump
threat of
visit to Hades
See also graves
dedmēto
Deïphobus
Delos
Delphi
Demodocus
Denmark
departures
for Hades
De Quincey, Thomas
destiny
diadems
Diodorus Siculus
Diomedes
dogs
metal
Dolōn
Dörpfeld, Wilhelm
doupein
dromoi
drought
Dué, Casey
Easton, Donald
ebony
economies
Egypt
Alexandrian Homer
gold
Hawara Homer
poverty in
scarabs
Sinuhe and
eisos
Elba
elegy
Eliot, T. S.
Elizabeth I, Queen of England
Elpēnōr
Emporio
Enlightenment
epics
hexameters
spoken
See also specific epics
Escorial
Eteocles
Etruria
Euboea
Euphorbus
European Bronze Age
Eurycleia
Eustathius
Evans, Arthur
Examiner
Extremadura
stone stelae
Fagles, Robert
Odyssey translation
faience beads
Fairhurst, George
fame
farming
Neolithic
Faroes
fate
fathers
missing
Fayum Depression
Fermor, Patrick Leigh
Finucane, Ronald
fish
Florence
Laurentian Library
flowers
food
horse as
France
frescoes
Pylos
funeral pyre
for Patroclus
Gaelic
galena
Galicia
gangs
Iliad and
St. Louis
gardens
Gautier, Théophile
Gaza
Genesis
Germany
World War II
Nazi
ghosts
Gibraltar
Gilgamesh
Glaucus
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von
gold
Celtic coin
cups
jewelry
of Troy
Goliath
Goncourt, Edmond de
Goncourt, Jules de
Gorgythion
government
grains
grammar
graves
of children
horses and
masks
mounds
Pithekoussai
Shaft
single burials
Sintashta
Stone Age
Thapsos
weapons in
Great Britain
World War II
Greece
Bronze Age
Dark Ages
Hellenistic
Iron Age
Mycenaen
origin of Greek consciousness
Greek
classical
early written
first printed Homer
Hawara Homer
Linear B
Gulf of Argolis
guslars
Hades
departure for
Odysseus and
hair
blonde
dark
of Goliath
of warriors
hands
Harrison, Richard
Harvard University
Hattusa tablets
Hawara Homer
Hayasa
Heaney, Seamus
Why Homer Matters Page 35
