Enemies Within

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Enemies Within Page 79

by Richard Davenport-Hines


  Bowle, John 181

  Bowra, Sir Maurice 218, 264, 269

  Boxer rebellion (1899–1901) 41

  Boxshall, Edwin ‘Eddy’ 148, 253, 360

  Boyd, Helen 365

  Boyle, Andrew 465, 499, 529; The Climate of Treason 175, 264, 271, 398, 409, 464, 526, 529–31, 544

  Brandt, Willy 510

  Brasenose College, Oxford 218

  Bratislava Declaration (1968) 504

  Brest-Litovsk, treaty of (1918) 7, 181

  Breuer, Marcel 163

  Brewer, Eleanor (later Philby) 493

  Brexit (British exit from European Union) xxv, 426, 548

  Brickendonbury Hall, Hertfordshire, SOE training camp 275, 319

  Bridge, Charles 57–8

  Brighton 478

  Brimelow, Sir Thomas (later Baron Brimelow) 506

  Brinton, Crane 211, 269, 353, 392

  Bristol 83, 95, 158, 339

  Bristol Aeroplane Company 506

  British American Tobacco Company 515

  British Colonial Club 362

  British Council 57–8

  British Empire Union 56

  British Fascists 161

  British Medical Association (BMA) 474–5

  British Non-Ferrous Metals Research Association 163, 164

  British School of Telegraphy 434

  British Union of Fascists (Blackshirts) 156, 288, 344

  Brittain, Sir Harry 277

  Brittain-Jones, Joyce 360

  Broadway Buildings, London, SIS headquarters 55, 364

  Brockway, Fenner Brockway, Baron 152, 157, 159

  Brook, Norman see Normanbrook, Norman Brook, 1st Baron

  Brooke, Sir Alan (later 1st Viscount Alanbrooke) 76, 121, 287

  Brooke, Christopher 537

  Brooke, Henry (later Baron Brooke of Cumnor) 480

  Brookner, Anita 520

  Brooks, Collin 66, 74

  Brooks’s (club) 292, 293

  Brooman-White, Richard ‘Dick’ 273, 278, 310, 416, 444

  Browder, Earl 259, 281, 282, 283, 286, 350, 365

  Brown, Anthony Cave 499, 534, 537–8

  Brown, George (later Baron George-Brown) 441, 451, 452, 482, 548

  Brown, Sophie (née Levene; later Lady George-Brown) 452

  Brown, W.J. ‘Bill’ 427, 440–41

  Browne, Coral 487

  Browne, H. Loftus 276

  Broxbourne, Derek Walker-Smith, Baron 174

  Bruce, David 280

  Bruce Lockhart, Sir Robert 25, 58–9, 299

  Brüning, Heinrich 266

  Bucharest 22

  Budapest 126, 206, 232

  Buenos Aires, British embassy 441

  Bukharin, Nikolai 33, 213

  Bulganin, Nikolai 471, 482

  Bulgaria 14–15, 22, 80, 302, 504

  Bullard, Sir Julian 493, 506

  Bullard, Margaret, Lady 493

  Bullard, Sir Reader 14, 20, 116–17, 178, 184

  Bullitt, William 28

  Burbridge, A.F. 423–4

  Burgess, Evelyn ‘Eve’ see Bassett, Evelyn ‘Eve’

  Burgess, Guy: family background 189; birth 189; upbringing and schooling 173–6, 188, 189–91, 194–5, 254; early sexual encounters 190–91; at Cambridge 202, 205, 207, 225, 274, 306, 529, 531, 536–7, 538; politicization 202, 209, 427; converts Blunt to communism 227; recruited as Soviet agent 177, 246–8, 252; personal secretary to Tory MP 252; BBC talks producer 252, 253, 263, 270, 318, 319, 320; works for SIS 253–4, 255, 263, 270, 318–19, 473–4; and recruitment of Blunt and Cairncross as Soviet agents 256, 257, 264, 265–6, 421; materials passed to Soviets 263, 267, 306–7, 312–13, 319, 321, 323, 384; Soviet handlers’ treatment of 305–7; recruitment of Goronwy Rees as informant 264, 265–6, 266–7, 320; response to Nazi-Soviet pact and Drax’s mission to Moscow 266–7; works at Ministry of Information 318–19; training of SOE operatives 319, 426; wartime life in London 291–2, 320, 324–6, 530; and Philby’s recruitment to SIS 308, 318–19; and Peter Smolka 312–13, 318; dismissed from SIS 319; returns to BBC 319, 320; recruited as MI5 agent 319–20; offers to murder Rees 320; admission to Foreign Office 270, 271, 320; placement in News Department 320–21, 428; and Volkov affair 372; personal assistant to Hector McNeil 382–3; post-war espionage activities 374, 382–3, 384, 395; increasingly wild behaviour 383, 384–5, 386, 387–8, 396; brief secondment to FO Information Research Department 383–4; employed in Far Eastern Department 384, 428, 530; holiday in Tangier and Gibraltar 385–6; warned by Philby of VENONA evidence 347, 386; mounting fear of exposure 378, 386; posting to Washington embassy 386–8, 396, 419; recalled to London in disgrace 396; last days in England 396–9; defection 399–401; arrival in Soviet Union 401; life in Kuibishev 401–2; reactions to defection 76–7, 174, 309, 354, 357, 370, 401, 405–418, 425–6, 442, 464–7, 471–2, 545–6; security services’ interviewing of family and associates 412, 414–15, 463–4, 480–81; and Vladimir Petrov’s defection and revelations 438–9, 440, 471, 483; disappearance first discussed on British television 440–41; government publishes white paper on 443; parliamentary debate on disappearance 445–6, 447; circulation of MI5 discussion paper on disappearance 446–7; re-emergence in Moscow 472, 482; reaction to the re-emergence 472–4, 483; publication of views in Sunday Express 483; visited by mother 483; visited by Tom Driberg 483–4; publication of Driberg’s Guy Burgess: A Portrait with Background 484–6; life in Moscow 486–7, 488–9, 491; relations with Maclean 486–7, 489; response to Radcliffe report on security procedures 452–3; and Vassall spy case 477–8; views on EEC 507; death 498

  Character & characteristics: adventurer 247–8; anti-Americanism 250, 489; anti-colonialism 188, 209; appearance and dress 252, 321, 384, 387; attraction to Marxism 8–9, 191, 202, 248, 249–50, 267, 427; caricaturist 388; club memberships 251, 384, 393; drinking 251, 321, 378, 384, 387, 388, 458; frivolity 485–6; irresponsibility 321, 384, 386; language skills 252; letter-writing 399; love of intrigue 384; mendacity 326; name-dropping 320, 386, 387; punctuality 190; recklessness 384–5, 386; rejection of English nationalism 188; relations with colleagues 116, 387; sexuality 247, 321, 325, 326, 387, 465, 467, 488, 529, 541–2; sleaziness 247, 251–2, 320, 384, 386; slovenliness 321, 384; smoking 387; unsporty 535; violent outbursts 320, 396

  Burgess, Malcolm 189, 190

  Burgess, Nigel 405

  Burhop, Eric 407

  Burlingham, Russell 528

  Burma 42, 271, 272, 360, 361

  Burn, Mary (earlier Booker) 384

  Burn, Michael ‘Micky’ 202, 384–5

  Burnaby, John 209

  Burns, Emile, What is Marxism? 435

  Burrows, Sir Bernard 387

  Burt, Leonard 337, 464

  by-elections: West Ham North (1911) 87; Edge Hill (1923) 109; Northampton (1928) 53; Oxford City (1938) 217; Greenock (1941) 382; Arundel and Shoreham (1954) 471

  Bystrolyotov, Dimitri 125–6, 143, 145; and Ernest Oldham 125, 126–7, 128, 129, 130, 131; and Raymond Oake 132, 133; and John King 133

  Cabinet Office 354, 503, 533; Central Policy Review Staff 274; Joint Intelligence Staff 479

  Caccia, Harold (later Baron Caccia) 356

  Cadogan, Sir Alexander: background and early life 428–9; PUS of Foreign Office 28, 60, 62, 66, 79, 82, 261, 371; and embassy security breaches 28; and Communications Department spies 140–41; and atomic spies 337; and post-war re-organization of security services 355, 357, 358; Permanent Representative to United Nations 392, 429; report on FO security arrangements following Burgess and Maclean defections 464–8, 478; Views on: Claude Dansey 60; Foreign Office tolerance of eccentricity 392; Francis Noel-Baker 382; St John Philby 184; state of post-war Britain 429

  Cadogan, George Cadogan, 5th Earl 428–9

  Caillard, Sir Vincent 40–41, 57, 240–41

  Cairncross, John: family background and upbringing 176–7, 257; character and appearance 116, 177, 250, 257–8, 326, 377, 458, 517; at Cambridge 205, 227, 257; politicization 227, 249–50, 257; works for Foreig
n Office 257, 258; recruited as Soviet agent 176, 177, 257–8, 421; transferred to Treasury 258, 270; materials passed to Soviets 258, 306, 327–8, 331–2, 385, 421; Soviet handlers’ treatment of 305–7, 328, 332; private secretary to Lord Hankey 326–8, 382; wartime work at GC&CS 328; transferred to SIS political branch 328; returns to Treasury after war 331, 385; and Gouzenko defection 331–2; post-war espionage activities 40, 385, 401, 421; transferred to Ministry of Supply 421; primed by handler for counter-intelligence interrogations 421; identified as source of leaked documents 401, 421; under surveillance by security services 421; interrogated by MI5 421–2; leaves civil service 422; academic career in US 513; further questioned by MI5 following Philby defection 513; confession to Arthur Martin 513, 515; immunity from prosecution 546; identification as Fifth Man 328, 517, 544

  Cairns, David Cairns, 5th Earl 387

  Cairo 356, 375, 388; British embassy 388–9; Swedish embassy 518

  Caldecote, Thomas Inskip, 1st Viscount 169

  Calvert, Edward 155

  Camberley, Surrey 178

  Cambridge 214, 333, 397

  Cambridge Anti-War Council 224

  Cambridge Left (magazine) 72, 222, 225, 249

  Cambridge Review (magazine) 234

  Cambridge Union debating society 215, 478

  Cambridge University xxiii, 180, 237; admission of women 65, 202–3; compared to Oxford 203–4, 214–19; emigré dons 203; homosexuality at 218–19, 535, 537; security services’ investigations of 517–18, 535; undergraduates and communism 196–7, 199–202, 204–5, 208–9, 219–28, 518, 538; Workers’ Education Association scholarships 199, 206; see also Apostles; Cavendish Laboratory; Clare College; Corpus Christi College; Hawks’ Club; King’s College; Magdalene College; Newnham College; Pembroke College; Peterhouse; Pitt Club; Trinity College; Trinity Hall

  Cambridge University Labour Club 207, 216

  Cambridge University Socialist Club 207

  Cambridge University Solidarity Committee 226

  Cambridgeshire (parliamentary constituency) 207

  Cameron, David 215

  Cameron, James 455

  Camp 020 (wartime interrogation centre) 290

  Campbell, John Ross 98–100, 294

  Campbell, Sir Ronald 388–9, 390, 391, 392

  Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry 215

  Canada 143, 158, 331, 334–5, 361, 518; Department of External Affairs 223, 518; Royal Canadian Mounted Police 331, 518; Royal Commission to Investigate Agents of a Foreign Power (1946) 332, 437; see also Montreal; Ottawa; Quebec

  Canaris, Wilhelm 432

  Canberra 438

  Cardiff 185, 298

  Cardiff High School 264

  Carey-Foster, George 356–7, 386, 392, 395, 401, 410, 416, 418, 464, 467, 529

  Carol II, King of Romania 81

  Carr, E.H. 215, 296, 363, 493

  Carter, Miranda, Anthony Blunt: His Lives 176, 256, 414, 486

  cartography 38, 39, 41

  Casement, Sir Roger 387

  Castle, Barbara (later Baroness Castle of Blackburn) 479

  Castle, John 36

  Castro, Fidel 490

  cataloguing and indexing of intelligence information 39, 46

  Catherine II ‘the Great’, Empress of Russia 3

  Catholicism 34, 202, 529, 538

  Cato Street conspiracy (1820) 36

  Cave Brown, Anthony see Brown, Anthony Cave

  Cavendish, Anthony 400, 461, 543

  Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge 203, 333, 340

  Cavendish-Bentinck, Victor ‘Bill’ (later 9th Duke of Portland) 303, 357, 416

  Cecil, Lord David 203

  Cecil, Kathleen 389

  Cecil, Robert 226, 389, 414, 468; A Divided Life: A Biography of Donald Maclean 176, 226

  Centrosoyus (Central Union of Consumers’ Co-operative Societies) 158

  Ceylon 360

  Chadwick, Sir James 333–4, 335, 340–41, 358

  Chain, Sir Ernst 203

  Chamberlain, Sir Austen 119–20

  Chamberlain, Neville 59, 104, 166, 182, 267–8, 301, 327, 424, 499; Munich agreement (1938) 170, 258, 260, 340, 361

  Chambers, Whittaker 139–40, 237–8, 279, 286, 346–7, 364, 365–6, 394, 405

  Chan, Michael (later Baron Chan) 543

  Chapman-Andrews, Sir Edwin 391–2

  Charleston, South Carolina 396

  Charlton, Northamptonshire 214

  Charterhouse (school) 179

  Charteris, Leslie, Prelude to War 152

  Chatham 83, 91, 160

  Cheka (Soviet intelligence agency) 11–13, 20–21, 23–4, 50, 86, 90; executions 13, 19, 24

  Cheltenham, GCHQ (Government Communications Headquarters) 358, 387, 413, 524, 533

  Cheltenham College 167

  Cheltenham Grammar School 450

  Chesham House, London (Soviet legation) 92, 150

  Chicago Tribune 408

  Chicherin, Georgy 52

  Chidson, Montagu ‘Monty’ 263–4, 267

  China 14, 22, 26; Boxer rebellion 41; communist revolution xxviii, 103; Sino-Japanese war 355; under Mao 341, 359–60, 370, 483, 502; and Korean war 393; Sino-Soviet split 513

  China Aid Council (US aid agency) 282

  China Campaign Committee (British communist organization) 359

  Christ Church, Oxford 31, 68, 202, 254, 282, 314

  Christian Science Monitor 366

  Christiansen, Arthur 471

  Christie, Dame Agatha 163

  Church of England 182–3, 221

  Churchill, Mary (later Baroness Soames) 320

  Churchill, Randolph 291, 429

  Churchill, Sir Winston: character and beliefs 63, 66–7, 72, 316; Home Secretary 84; and Syme case 84; Secretary of State for War 53; Chancellor of the Exchequer 63, 72; speech to Anti-Socialist Union (1933) 66–7; visits All Souls 266; First Lord of the Admiralty 293; wartime Prime Minister 77, 269, 270, 274, 291, 297, 299, 300, 301, 327, 335, 410; and security services 269, 270, 289; visits Moscow (1942) 316; Yalta and Potsdam conferences 300–301, 302; peacetime Prime Minister 170, 370, 382, 438; and Daily Express and Sefton Delmer 433, 434; retirement 438

  CIA (Central Intelligence Agency): replaces OSS 377; and VENONA project 346, 377; London liaison office 363–4; Philby as SIS liaison 377, 380; joint operation with SIS in Albania 378–9, 413, 522; and Philby’s defection 497

  Cimperman, John 468

  cipher systems see cryptography

  circulating file, use of 17, 78–9

  circuses 271, 272

  City of London Police 84–5, 104, 106

  Clanmorris, John Bingham, 7th Baron 525–6

  Clanmorris, Madeleine, Lady 543

  Clarac, Louise and Madeleine 149

  Clare College, Cambridge 450

  Clark, Kenneth Clark, Baron 72, 195, 197

  Clark Kerr, Sir Archibald see Inverchapel, Archibald Clark Kerr, 1st Baron

  Clarke, Sir Ashley 464

  classical education, of Foreign Office staff 78

  Clement-Scott, Joan (Jane Footman) 252

  Cleveland, Ohio, Western Reserve University 513

  Clifton Hampden, Oxfordshire 212

  CLIMBER, Operation (infiltration of Soviet Georgia; 1948) 374

  Cliveden House, Buckinghamshire 87, 214

  clubs and clubland (London) 65, 251, 291, 292–3, 313; see also Army and Navy Club; Athenaeum; British Colonial Club; Brooks’s; Garrick Club; Lansdowne Club; Reform Club; Royal Automobile Club; St James’s Club; Travellers Club; United Services Club; White’s

  Clutterbuck, Sir Peter 332

  Coates, Wells 163

  Coblenz, Rhineland High Commission 133

  code-breaking see cryptography

  Codrington, William 141–2, 356

  Cohen, Sir Andrew 211, 519, 520

  Cohen, Rose 93, 105, 112

  Cohen, Stanley 420, 425

  COI (US Office of Co-ordination of Information) 280, 281, 284

  Cole, G.D.H. 87, 217–18

  C
ollard, Dudley 167–8, 169, 212, 275, 276–7, 282

  collectivization, agricultural 17, 208, 228

  Collier, John 118

  Cologne 433

  Colville, Sir John ‘Jock’ 401, 421, 433

  Colvin, Ian 432–3

  Comber, Co. Down 540

  Comey, James xxv–xxvi

  Comintern (Third Communist International) 15–16, 21, 49, 94, 157, 209, 249, 293, 295

  Committee of Imperial Defence 70, 244, 258, 326; industrial intelligence sub-committee (FCI) 149

  Commonwealth of England 35, 214, 298

  Communications Department see Foreign Office Communications Department

  Communications Electronic Security Group (GCHQ) 358

  Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB): foundation 18, 49, 88; and Bolshevik revolution 18–19, 52–3; and Comintern 15; meetings and rallies 52–3, 99; security services’ burglary and bugging of offices 56, 73, 322; MI5’s sources in 484; and Ewer–Hayes spy network 93, 94; and Glading spy network 158, 166, 167, 168; and Oxford and Cambridge universities 199, 204–5, 210, 215–16, 224, 517, 538; and Second World War 288, 289, 293–4, 295, 322; and atomic spies 333, 334, 344; and Cold War 356, 369; and suppression of Hungarian uprising 485

  Communist Party of the USA (CPUSA) 212, 259, 279–86, 307

  compartmentalization (character trait) 310–311, 343–4, 486

  Concorde (jet aircraft) 506

  Connaught, Prince Arthur, Duke of 338

  Connolly, Cyril 175, 176, 189, 197, 374; on Burgess and Maclean 175, 245–6, 393–4

  Connolly, James 159

  Conquest, Robert 210, 305–6

  Conrad, Joseph, The Secret Agent 46

  Constantini, Francesco 26, 124, 362

  Cooke, William Hinchley 67

  Cooper, Duff (later 1st Viscount Norwich) 79–80, 459–60

  Copenhagen 89, 242, 244

  Copa-Mic & Cugir (steel and armaments company) 148

  Cormac, Rory, The Black Door 533

  Cornford, John 223–4, 227, 250, 518, 538, 541

  Cornforth, Kitty (née Klugmann) 207–8, 219

  Cornforth, Maurice 202, 207–8, 221, 226

  Cornwell, David see le Carré, John

  Corpus Christi College, Cambridge 271, 450

  Costello, John 178, 243, 325, 499, 534, 535–7, 544

  Costley-White, Harold 180, 181

  Cotesworth, Ralph 120, 146

  Courcel, Baron Alphonse Chodron de 428

  Courcel, Baron Geoffroy Chodron de 428

  Courcel, Martine Chodron de 452

  Courtauld Institute of Art, London 256, 374, 414, 513, 520

 

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