GCHQ (Government Communications Headquarters) 358, 387, 413, 524, 533; Communications Electronic Security Group 358
Gedye, Eric 233
GEN-183 (Cabinet committee on subversion) 369, 370–71
gender see sex discrimination and inequality
general elections: (1910) 63; (1918) 52, 185, 220; (1922) 53, 109; (1924) 99, 100, 354; (1929) 63–4, 109, 110, 111; (1931) 207, 216; (1935) 217; (1945) 157, 263, 354, 479; (1951) 424, 479; (1964) 455; (1979) 511
General Strike (1926) 54, 73, 103
Geneva 122–3, 126, 132, 249, 417
Genoa Economic and Financial Conference (1922) 97–8
George II, King of the Hellenes 360
George V, King 48, 84, 97, 109, 122, 316
George VI, King 299
Georgia (Soviet Republic) 13, 374
Germany see East Germany; Nazi Germany; West Germany
Gessner (Viennese refugee) 155
Gibb, Ishbel (later Lee) 282, 365
Gibbon, Edward 252, 324
Gibraltar 385, 386
Gide, André 198
Gillies, Donald 316
Gilmour, Sir John 66
Ginhoven, Hubert van 49, 70, 92, 103, 107–8, 109, 110, 114
Glading, Percy: background, character and early life 157, 159, 458; membership of CPGB 157, 159, 166, 257; works at Woolwich Arsenal 157–8; dismissed from Woolwich 158; employee of Russian Oil Products front organization 159; espionage activities 159–60, 163–6, 237, 250, 349, 422; personal life 160–61; handlers allowed to leave country 165, 349, 546; arrest 165, 166; trial 70, 161, 166–70, 348, 436, 465, 477, 546; interviewed by MI5 170; later life 157
Gladstone, Mrs (MI5 wartime operative) 323
Gladstone, Murray 191
Gladwyn, Gladwyn Jebb, 1st Baron 78, 140, 263, 411, 507
Glasgow, CPGB offices 56
Glass, Ann 64, 113
Glassman, Hannah ‘Annie’ 89
Glees, Anthony 297
Glock, Sir William 325
Gloucester, Blue Coat School 428
Gold, Harry 342, 347
gold standard, abandonment of (1931) 201
Goldsmith, Harry 96–7
Goldsmiths’ Hall, London 299
Goleniewski, Michael 449–50
Golitsyn, Anatoli 444, 475, 493, 496, 513, 514–15, 517, 534
Golos, Jacob 280, 283–4, 435
Goodman, Arnold Goodman, Baron 524–5
Goold-Verschoyle, Brian 134, 143, 145, 422
Gordievsky, Oleg 25, 275, 328, 509, 517, 544
Gordon, John 407, 471
Gordon Walker, Patrick (later Baron Gordon-Walker) 202, 217, 218
Gore-Both, Sir Paul (later Baron Gore-Booth) 505
Göring, Hermann 74, 267
Goring Hotel, London 253, 473
Gorizia 303–4
Gorsky, Anatoli 306, 307–8, 312, 321, 323, 386
Gould, Gerald 87, 88
Gouzenko, Igor 330–33, 335, 336, 369, 371, 372, 373, 385, 437
Gove, Michael 548
Gow, A.S.F. 205, 518
GPU (Soviet State Political Directorate) 98; see also OGPU
Grafpen, Grigory 248–9
Graham, Katharine ‘Kay’ 318
Graham, Sir Ronald 26–7
Graham-Harrison, Francis 251, 325
Granada Television 519
Grand, Laurence 263–4, 318
Granta (magazine) 478
Gray, Olga 161–2, 163, 165, 166
Grayson, Sir Rupert 458
Great Illegals see ‘illegals’ espionage system, Soviet
Great Rollright, Oxfordshire 345
Greece 81, 136, 198; civil war 360, 361; withdrawal of British forces 361; see also Athens
Greek National Liberation Front 360
Greene, Graham 292, 493; works for SIS 349, 512; on Philby’s defection 512–13; foreword to Philby’s memoir 311; A Gun for Sale 152; The Third Man 493–4
Greenhill, Sir Denis (later Baron Greenhill of Harrow) 387, 505, 507, 509
Gregory, J.D. ‘Don’ 82, 94, 95, 100, 119, 121, 229, 230
Gresham’s School 186–7, 188–9, 219
Grey, Sir Edward (later 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon) 45
Gromyko, Andrei 9, 488
Gropius, Walter 163
Grosse, Heinrich 45
Groves, Leslie 334, 335–6
GRU (Soviet military intelligence) 14, 330, 374
Guantánamo Bay detention camp 290
Guardian (newspaper) 509–510, 527; see also Manchester Guardian
Guatemala 316
Guest, David 201–2, 205, 208; his communist cell at Cambridge 208–9, 242, 250
Guevara, Ernesto ‘Che’ 490
Guillebaud, Claude 203
Guillebaud, Hugh 193–4
Guinness, Sir Alec 526
Gulbenkian, Calouste 53
Gunn, Ronald 339, 340
Haaz, Árpád 235
Hadfields Ltd (steel manufacturer) 150
Haessler, Carl 94
Hague, The 22, 134, 137; SIS station 135, 263, 357
Hailsham, Douglas Hogg, 1st Viscount 166
Hailsham, Quintin Hogg, 2nd Viscount 480
Halban, Hans von 333, 334, 337
Haldane, Maldwyn 68, 231, 255
Halifax, Edward Wood, 1st Earl of: Viceroy of India 72; Foreign Secretary 141, 265, 266, 267; Ambassador to United States 316, 335–6
Hall, Sir Reginald ‘Blinker’ 72, 151
Hall, Theodore 350–51
Halperin, Maurice 281, 284, 285, 457, 487–8
Hamburger, Rudolf 523
Hampshire, Sir Stuart: character and tastes 461, 523; Fellow of All Souls 264, 521; intelligence work 56, 413, 523–4; accusations against and investigation of 413, 518, 521, 524–5; Views on: Anthony Blunt 414; Herbert Hart 273; human capacity for evil 523–4; intelligence work 56, 524; Goronwy Rees 264–5, 413, 474; Victor Rothschild 274
Hancock-Nunn, Vivian 168
Hands Off Russia Committee 52–3, 99
Hanford nuclear site, Washington State 335
Hankey, Henry 261, 326
Hankey, Maurice Hankey, 1st Baron 62, 288, 326–8
Hankey, Robert (later 2nd Baron Hankey) 302–3
Hannington, Wal 216
Hanover 468
Hansen, Georg 50, 151, 166–7
Hanslope Park, Buckinghamshire, SIS Communications Department headquarters 435, 436
Hardy, G.H. 205, 537
Harker, Margaret (née Russell Cooke) 89
Harker, Oswald ‘Jasper’: background and character 68–9, 255; recruitment to MI5 68–9; head of B Division and Deputy Director 69, 124; marriage 89; handling of Kamenev and Daily Herald 89–90; and Ewer–Hayes network 105, 106–9, 110–112; and Agabekov defection 24, 124; investigations of FO Communication Department 129, 140–41; and Krivitsky defection 142; acting Director General 69; recruitment of temporary wartime officers and staff 269, 273
Harris, Kitty 259, 282, 314, 350
Harris, Lement 307
Harris, Tomás ‘Tommy’ 271, 275, 310, 373, 397, 401, 413–14, 458, 495, 518, 520–21
Harrison, Sir Geoffrey 532
Harrison, Royden 217–18
Harrow School 179, 271
Hart, Herbert 213–14, 271, 273–4, 275, 325, 445
Hart, Jenifer (née Williams) 65, 213–14, 216, 273, 288–9, 325, 518–19
Harvey, Libby 388
Harvey, Sir Oliver (later 1st Baron Harvey of Tasburgh) 297, 301, 364
Harvey, William King 387, 388
Harwell Atomic Research Establishment, Oxfordshire 343, 347–8, 368, 370, 407, 432
Haslam, Jonathan 14, 294
Havas (press agency) 241
Havers, Sir Michael (later Baron Havers) 546
Hawke, Sir Anthony 161, 168, 169–70
Hawks’ Club (Cambridge University) 191, 219
Hay, Algernon 77–8, 120, 130–1
Hayes, Charles 149–50
Hayes, John ‘Jack’: backgro
und, character and early life 85, 109, 458; London police officer and trade unionist 84, 85, 105, 205; establishment of Vigilance Detective Agency 86; recommends agents to Norman Ewer 91–2; Member of Parliament 84, 109–110, 149, 354, 424; see also Ewer–Hayes spy network
Hayter, Iris, Lady 476
Hayter, Sir William 476
Hayworth, Rita 183
Hazlerigg, Arthur Hazlerigg, 1st Baron 289
Headlam, Sir Cuthbert 49, 103, 110, 276, 286, 298
Healey, Denis (later Baron Healey) 211, 217, 332
Hearst, William Randolph 140
Heath, Sir Edward: at Oxford 215, 217; Cabinet minister 497; Prime Minister 506, 508, 509–510
heavy water production 333
Hedley, David 190–91, 219
Heenan, John 529
Heimwehr (Austrian paramilitaries) 230, 231, 232–3
Helsby, Sir Laurence (later Baron Helsby) 500–501
Hemingway, Ernest 253
Hemming, Henry, M: Maxwell Knight, MI5’s Greatest Spymaster 215–16
Henderson, Sir Nevile 261
Henderson, Sir Nicholas 388, 447
Henlein, Konrad 253, 473–4
Henri, Ernst 252, 319
Henry, Sir Edward 83–4, 85
Henson, Herbert Hensley, Bishop of Durham 51, 63, 85, 182, 266
Herbert, George 472
Herbert, Sidney (later 1st Baron Herbert of Lea) 38
Herne Bay, Kent 134, 141
Hertford College, Oxford 218
Hesmondhalgh, William ‘Bertie’ 428
Hess, Rudolf, attempted peace mission 294, 405, 412
Hewart, George Hewart, 1st Viscount 167
Hewit, Jack 253, 325, 326, 396, 400, 406, 463–4, 473
Hill, Christopher 213
Himmler, Heinrich 244, 283, 523
Hiroshima, atomic bombing 342–3
Hirsch, Clara, Baroness de 87
Hirtenberger munitions works (Austria) 230
Hiss, Alger: political career 157, 279; espionage activities 279; identification 139, 346–7, 367, 368, 388; views on his guilt 367, 368, 389, 394; perjury conviction 388
Hitchin, Hertfordshire 106
Hitler, Adolf: as Führer 64, 153–4, 221; British officials’ views on 58, 136, 260; Foreign Secretary’s leaked account of 133; and rearmament 153–4; Anschluss of Austria 213, 238–9; Munich agreement (1938) 170, 258, 260, 340, 361; German opposition to 431; orders execution of Canaris 432; Mein Kampf 238, 383
Hoare, Sir Samuel (later 1st Viscount Templewood) 80–81, 160
Hobbes, Thomas 10
Hobsbawm, Eric 333
Hodgson, Sir Robert 16–17, 25–6
Hogben, Lancelot 368
Hogg, Sir Douglas (later 1st Viscount Hailsham) 166
Hohenlohe-Langenburg, Prince Max Egon 283
Hollis, Sir Roger: character and early life 515; MI5 officer 277, 324, 416, 496, 515; wartime life in London 324; debriefing of Igor Gouzenko 331; grants security clearance to Klaus Fuchs 347; Director General of MI5 361–2; interviews Maclean’s associates 219; and vetting of civil service staff 368, 370; and Anthony Blunt 385, 414; and Kim Philby 496; Martin and Wright’s investigation of and accusations against 515–16, 532–4, 543; retirement 516; death 532; exonerated 516, 533, 534
Holmes, Walter 94, 105, 108
Holt-Wilson, Sir Eric 67–8, 70, 76, 159, 255, 269
Holzman, Michael 503
Home Defence (Security) Executive 77, 289, 294
Home Guard (wartime defence organization) 277
Home Office 36, 65, 77, 288, 290; advisory committee on wartime defence regulations 288–9; Directorate of Intelligence 54, 91, 196
homosexuality: at Oxford and Cambridge 218–19, 535, 537; and diplomatic and security services 458, 459–62, 463–8, 480–81, 511; genetic factors 176, 465; legislation against and partial decriminalization 459, 468, 473, 475, 480, 511; medical professions’ views on 474–5, 542; prejudice against 325, 455, 459, 466, 470, 474–5, 478, 511, 527, 528, 537, 540, 541–2; press coverage 462–3, 468, 471–4, 477–8, 539, 541, 543; prosecutions for 469–70; in Soviet Union 247; in United States 466, 468–9, 471
Hong Kong 359–60, 361, 461
Honigmann, Georg 373, 374
Hooper, Sir Robin 389–90, 464
Hooper, William John ‘Jack’ 135–6, 141, 144
Hoover, J. Edgar: Director of FBI 56, 138, 346, 469, 475, 481; and Krivitsky defection 138, 139; and Bentley and Lee spy networks 365; and British atomic spies 395; and Cambridge spies 398, 406, 444, 469, 496
Horne, Sir Alistair 462, 543
Horst, Horst P. 261
Horthy, Miklós, Regent of Hungary 64
Hoskins, Percy 468
House Un-American Activities Committee see HUAC
Housing, Ministry of 65
Housman, A.E. 205, 227
Howard, Brian 218
Howard, Leslie 322
Howard, Sir Michael 527–8, 533
Howe, Sir Ronald 464–5
Hoxha, Enver 378–9, 522
Hozier, Sir Henry 41
HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee) 142, 283, 346–7, 365–6, 370, 547
Hughes, James McGuirk 56–7
Huguenots, expulsion from France 462
Hull, Cordell 138
humour, and working life xxvi, 40, 66, 73–4, 120, 236, 291, 315, 459
Humphreys, Sir Travers 53
Hungary: Regency 64, 80; communist era 302, 304, 504; Soviet suppression of uprising (1956) 485, 487, 489
Hunger March (1934) 154, 226
Hunter, Harry 106, 163, 165, 269
Hutchie (MI5 surveillance operative) 163
Hypocrites Club (Oxford University) 215, 216
Ianovich, Vladimir 123–4
Ibn Saud, King of Saudi Arabia 184
IIC (Industrial Intelligence Centre) 150
Ilichyov, Ivan 330
‘illegals’ espionage system, Soviet 20–25, 125
Inchyra, Frederick Hoyer Millar, 1st Baron 387
Incitement to Mutiny Act (1797) 98
indexing and cataloguing of intelligence information 39, 46
India 177–8; Russian interests in xxviii, 39–40; nationalists 45, 49; communists 157, 161–2; independence 360, 361
Indian Army 38, 39–40
Indian Imperial Police 68, 69
Indian Political Intelligence (IPI) 45, 94, 95
industrial espionage: origins 147; remit of intelligence services 148–9; and inter-war industrial mobilization 148–51; Cold War 506; see also Glading, Percy
Industrial Intelligence Centre (IIC) 150
informants, trustworthiness of 56–7
Information, Ministry of 258, 276, 519; Guy Burgess works for 318–19; Peter Smolka works for 277–8, 312–13, 318, 320, 494
Information Research Department (IRD) see Foreign Office Information Research Department
Ingleby, Osbert Peake, 1st Viscount 449
Inkpin, Albert 105
INO (Soviet intelligence agencies’ foreign section) 13, 16, 21, 26
institutions and departments of state, British, characteristics of xxiii–xxiv, xxvii, 71–82, 250, 254, 269; masculinity 64–7, 116–21, 243–4, 255, 459, 547
Intelligence Corps (British Army) 44, 276, 287, 293, 321–2, 461, 493, 519
Intelligence Department/Division (War Office) 37–44, 147, 151
Inter-Allied Intelligence Bureau (First World War) 68
Inter-Allied Reparation Agency (post-Second World War) 358
International Olympic Committee 540
International Students’ Organization against War and Fascism 257
International Workers Relief Organization 232
internment of enemy aliens: First World War 460; Second World War 71, 287, 288, 290, 340, 407
interrogation techniques see debriefing and interrogation techniques
Inverchapel, Archibald Clark Kerr, 1st Baron: early life and career 316, 459; character and sexuality 121, 316–17, 459, 460; Ambassador t
o Soviet Union 29, 278, 296, 297, 301, 316, 317, 319, 342; Ambassador to United States 244, 316–17, 359, 364; accusations against 316, 413, 455; death 409, 460; Views on: atomic weapons development 342; British journalism 429, 430; role of diplomats 244; Soviet Union 29, 296, 301, 319; United States 359, 361
IRA (Irish Republican Army) 130, 156
Iran 330, 413, 461–2, 521, 522, 545
IRD see Foreign Office Information Research Department
Ireland 43; nationalists 45, 46–7, 387; civil war (1920–2) 53
Irgun (Zionist paramilitary organization) 362
Irish Republican Army (IRA) 130, 156
Isaacs, Clara 344
Isaacs, Moses 344
Isherwood, Christopher 325, 388, 396
Ismailia, Egypt, SIS station 434–5, 436
Israel 362, 448, 495
Istanbul 24, 371–5
Ivan IV ‘the Terrible’, Tsar of Russia 3, 4, 29
Ivanov, Eugene 454
Ivanov, S.I. 19
Jackl, Lotty 240
Jacobitism 35–6
Jane, Charles 49, 70, 92, 103, 107–8, 110
Japan 53, 164, 335, 342, 355, 359; Pearl Harbor attack (1941) 284, 355, 536
Jay, Douglas (later Baron Jay) 270, 325
Jebb, Gladwyn (later 1st Baron Gladwyn) 78, 140, 263, 411, 507
Jeddah 178, 184
Jellicoe, George Jellicoe, 2nd Earl 379
Jenkins, Roy (later Baron Jenkins of Hillhead) 217, 444
Jerusalem 178; King David Hotel bombing (1946) 362
Jervis, Thomas 38, 46
Jews and Judaism: and Bolshevism 12–13; in Austria 231, 232, 233; see also anti-semitism; Zionism
JIC see Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC)
Joad, C.E.M. 89
John, Otto 431, 462–3
Johnson, Ben 450
Johnson, Hewlett, Dean of Canterbury 368–9
Johnston, Edouard-Jean 350
Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) 324, 357, 359; report on threat of global spread of communism (1946) 355–6
Jones, Elwyn (later Baron Elwyn-Jones) 234
Jordan, Philip 80, 237, 251, 262, 295, 301, 408–9
journalism, British, characteristics of 429–31, 443, 518, 525, 537, 538–9, 543–4
Jowitt, Sir William (later 1st Earl Jowitt) 478
Joyce, William (‘Lord Haw-Haw’) 338
Joynson-Hicks, Sir William (later 1st Viscount Brentford) 103, 297
Junor, Sir John 433, 527
Justice Department (United States) 279
Justice (magazine) 95
Kahn, Albert, High Treason 435
Kamenev, Lev 12, 29; trade delegate in London 61, 89–90; trial and execution 30–32
Karlinsky, Emma 95
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