Sissmore, Kathleen ‘Jane’ see Archer, Kathleen ‘Jane’
Skardon, William ‘Jim’: early career 338; Metropolitan Police officer 338; secondment to MI5 338; investigation of William Joyce 338; interrogation of Alan Nunn May 338; questioning of Ursula Kuczynski 345–6; obtains Klaus Fuchs’ confession 348, 388; questioning of Charles and Gerty Moody 349; investigation of Guy Burgess 251, 320; and Burgess and Maclean defections 405; interviewing and investigation of families and associates following defections 409, 411, 412, 414–15, 464; interrogation of Philby 420; investigation of Philby’s associates 422, 423–4; review of older espionage cases 424–5; interrogation of William Marshall 436–7
Skeffington-Lodge, Thomas 478
Škoda works (Czechoslovakia) 125–6, 148
Slánský, Rudolf 494
Slater, Humphrey 246, 390, 405, 417; The Conspirator 246, 390
Slater, Moyra 390, 417
Slocombe, George: background, character and early life 95–7, 458; military service 96–7; journalist on Daily Herald 95, 96, 97; sub-agent in Ewer–Hayes network 94, 95, 97–8, 102, 105, 111–12, 113, 114; later journalistic career 112; Views on: Sir Austen Chamberlain 119–20; Engelbert Dollfuss 230, 231; Sir Eric Drummond 27; Geneva 122, 126; Soviet Union 13–14; Vienna 229
Slocombe, Marie (née Karlinsky) 95, 96
Slocombe, Ralph 96
Smillie, Robert 51
Smirnovsky, Mikhail 505
Smith, Alic 218
Smith, Stephen A. xxviii, 8, 13, 18
Smithers, Sir Waldron 368–9, 370, 442
Smolka, Peter (Peter Smollett): background, character and early life 240, 422; in London under cover as journalist 240–41; and Cambridge spies 240–41, 278, 312–13, 422; changes name and naturalized as British 277; wartime penetration of Ministry of Information 275, 277–8, 312–13, 318, 320, 494; Orwell on 300; post-war life in Vienna 422, 425, 493–4; security services’ interviews of associates 422; interviewed by MI5 in London 494; Forty Thousand against the Arctic 241
Sochi 484
social capital, concept of xxvii
Society for Cultural Relations with the Soviet Union 223, 339
SOE (Special Operations Executive): origins and formation 270, 309; officers 58, 287, 291, 292, 309, 379, 383, 431; training 273, 275, 309–310, 319, 426; secrecy of operations 444; false accusation against Blunt concerning 526–7
Sofia, cathedral massacre (1925) 14, 22
Solomon, Flora 373, 494–5, 496
Solovetsky Islands, penal camp 26
Somervell, Sir Donald (later Baron Somervell of Harrow): Solicitor General 66, 110; Attorney General 57, 168, 170, 266; George McMahon trial 57, 168; Glading spy ring trial 168–9
South Africa 361
South African war (1899–1902) 42–3, 44, 485
South Sea Company 35
Southampton 160, 399
Southwood, Julius Elias, 1st Viscount 112
Soviet Union, history and development: Bolshevik revolution (1917) 3, 5, 6–8, 10, 16, 48, 49, 88–9, 90, 302; under Lenin 3–4, 8–17, 51; civil war (1917–22) 8–10, 13; famine (1921–2) 13, 15, 23; under Stalin 3–4, 9–10, 17–33, 164, 208, 305; British visitors’ accounts of 19–20, 199–201, 213, 227–8; Five Year Plans, industrialization and collectivization 17, 151, 152, 208, 228; ‘illegals’ espionage system 20–25, 125; expectation of Anglo-Soviet war 26, 32, 150; purges and show-trials 28, 29–33, 137, 165, 167, 208, 266, 299, 306, 330; Lysenkoism 199; invasion of Finland and Poland (1939–40) 9, 211, 214, 267, 270; Nazi invasion (1941) 284, 294–5; Anglo-Soviet treaty (1942) 275, 295–7, 301, 313; wartime pro-Soviet sentiments in Britain 296–300; victory over Nazi Germany 301–4, 306; suppression of Hungarian uprising (1956) 485, 487, 489; Sino-Soviet split 513; space programme 490; 21st Party Congress 491; invasion of Czechoslovakia (1968) 491; Cold War espionage operations in London 504–511; see also Nazi–Soviet Pact; Russia, Tsarist
space exploration 490
Spain 22, 64, 80, 144, 188, 213, 260, 310, 490
Spanish civil war (1936–9) 59, 136, 173, 212, 253, 256, 261–2, 280, 295
Sparrow, John 218
Special Branch (Metropolitan Police): formation 45; administration and operation xxvii, 48, 49, 56, 57, 71; characteristics of officers 49, 56, 92; remit 49; penetrated by Bolshevik agents 49, 70, 92, 107–8; ARCOS informants 86; role in ARCOS raid 103–4; dismissal of penetration agents 110–111; counter-subversion responsibilities transferred to MI5 49, 70; arrest of atomic spies 337, 464; distrusted by post-war Labour government 354; investigation of Donald Maclean 395
Special Operations Executive see SOE
Special Relationship (Anglo-American) 363–4, 536
Spectator (magazine) 265, 440, 490, 526, 529
Speir, Sir Rupert 293, 416
Spender, Sir Stephen 218, 397, 491
Spooner, Reg 337
Spring Rice, Sir Cecil 42
Springhall, Douglas 300
Sputnik (satellite) 490
Squair, Alec 159
SS (Nazi Schutzstaffel) 523–4
Stalin, Joseph: possible Okhrana agent 6; imprisonment 30; Bolshevik revolutionary 6; supreme leader 17–18, 29–33, 40, 64, 208, 298, 317, 383; Five Year Plans 17, 151, 152; establishment of ‘illegals’ espionage system 20–21; purges and show-trials 28, 29–33, 137, 165, 167, 208, 266, 299, 306, 330; Second World War 294, 295, 298–303; and development of nuclear weapons 342, 352; death 349; Concerning Questions of Leninism 29
Stalin Peace Prize 31
Stallybrass, William 218
Starachowice munitions works (Poland) 11
Starhemberg, Ernst Rüdiger, Prince of 230
State Department (United States) 28, 466; communist agents in 139, 157, 279, 284, 365–6
Stead, Christina, The House of All the Nations 152
Stephens, Robin ‘Tin-Eye’ 290
Stephenson, Sir William 307–8
Stern, Moishe 138
Stern Gang 362–3
Stewart, Athole 118
Stewart, Bob 405, 422
Stewart, Brian 56, 114, 359
Stewart, Sir Michael 206
Stewart, Michael (later Baron Stewart of Fulham) 491
Stockholm 310, 484
Stolypin, Pyotr, assassination 95
Stonehaven, John Baird, 1st Viscount 238
Stonehouse, John 510
Stonyhurst College 529
Stott, Kenneth 57
Straight, Michael 227, 256, 257, 383, 478, 513, 514, 517
Strang, William Strang, 1st Baron 296–7, 398, 401, 464, 466
Streicher, Julius 244
strikes and industrial unrest 204, 216, 500; police strikes (1918–19) 54, 84–6, 91, 109; General Strike (1926) 54, 73, 103
Strong, Sir Kenneth 43–4, 355
Stuart, Charles Edward 35–6
student protests (1968–72) 456
Student’s Vanguard, The (magazine) 205, 242
subversive rumours, development and use of 309–310, 426
Sudeten Germans 238, 253
Suez Canal 434, 448
Suez crisis (1956) 81–2, 448, 500
suffrage, women’s 54, 63–4, 110
Suicide Act (1961) 480
Sun (newspaper) 543
Sunday Dispatch 462, 463
Sunday Express 112, 407, 432, 433, 471, 483, 527
Sunday Mirror 454, 455
Sunday Pictorial 441, 477; ‘EVIL MEN’ issue 471, 472, 474
Sunday Telegraph 526–7
Sunday Times 501, 502, 518, 532; Insight Team’s book on Philby 175, 499, 501–2
Supply, Ministry of 270, 325; John Cairncross works for 421
Sûreté nationale (French national police) 149, 399, 401, 406
Suschitzky, Edith see Tudor-Hart, Edith
Sutton Courtenay, Berkshire 214
Swanson, Gloria 183
Swinton, Philip Cunliffe-Lister, 1st Earl of 289, 294–5
Switzerland 249, 341, 345, 400; see also Geneva
Sword of
Stalingrad 299
Sykes, Christopher 316
Syme, John 83–4
Tag, Der (Austrian newspaper) 240
Talbot de Malahide, Milo Talbot, 7th Baron 356, 410, 430, 442, 447, 467
Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles Maurice de 120
Tallinn 11
Tangier 385, 386
Taplow Court, Buckinghamshire 214
TASS (Soviet press agency) 508
Tatsfield, Kent, Beacon Shaw (Donald Maclean’s house) 393, 395, 406, 409, 417
Tavistock Clinic, London 475
taxation 353, 500
Taylor, A.J.P. 99, 440–41
Taylor, Dame Elizabeth 390
Tehran 330, 413, 461–2, 521, 522
Tehran conference (1943) 299, 300, 302
television: advent of commercial television 429; Burgess and Maclean first discussed on 440–41
Teller, Edward 348
Temple, William, Archbishop of Canterbury 298
Templewood, Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount 80–81, 160
Teruel, battle of (1937–8) 262
Thatcher, Margaret, Baroness: at Oxford 215; leader of the opposition 540; Prime Minister 66, 460, 511, 533, 540, 541; and Blunt’s exposure 526, 528, 531; and Maurice Oldfield 540, 541, 542, 543
Third Man, The (film; 1949) 493–4
Third Section (Imperial Russian secret police department) 4
Thirkell, Angela, Love among the Ruins 353–4
Thistlewood, Arthur 36
Thomas, Hugh (later Baron Thomas of Swynnerton) 440
Thomas, Sir Keith 472
Thompson, Downing 362
Thompson, E.P. 441
Thomson, Sir Basil 48, 54, 91
Thomson, Sir George Paget 333, 336
Thomson, Sir Joseph John 205
Thurlow, Charles Hovell-Thurlow-Cumming-Bruce, 6th Baron 220
Tiflis, Georgia 13
Time (magazine) 527
Times, The: Peter Smolka’s travel articles 241; review of David Footman’s short stories 253; Kim Philby as war correspondent 261–2, 308, 309; E.H. Carr’s wartime articles 296; obituary of Philip Jordan 409; and Burgess and Maclean defections 417, 440; Stuart Hampshire’s letter to 525; and public exposure of Anthony Blunt 527–8
Timokhin, Anatoli 86
Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy (television series) 525–6, 531
Titanic, RMS 89
Tobin, Oscar 46–7
Tomlinson, Sir Frank ‘Tommy’ 428
Totnes (parliamentary constituency) 510
Tottenham County School, London 121
Toynbee, Arnold 266
Toynbee, Philip 211, 213, 410, 458; at Oxford 202, 210; and Donald Maclean 390–91, 417, 487; placed on watch-list 410; ‘Alger Hiss and his Friends’ 394
trade unions 56, 57, 84–6, 91–2, 94, 196, 199, 204–5, 288, 482; see also strikes and industrial unrest
Trades Union Congress 160, 226
Transjordan 178
Transport & General Workers’ Union 482
Travellers Club 251, 276, 292, 393, 409, 421
Treasury: financing of War Office Intelligence Division 41; supervision of Post Office and Stationery Office 258; John Cairncross works for 258, 331, 385, 421
Treasury Department (United States) 139, 279, 285
Trenchard, Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount 204–5
Trend, Burke Trend, Baron 508, 516, 524, 532
Trevelyan, Sir Charles 100, 298
Trevelyan, George Macaulay 205, 252
Trevor-Roper, Hugh (later Baron Dacre of Glanton): at Oxford 202; wartime intelligence work 56, 314, 523; Zionist death threat against 363; gathers information on security services 272, 273, 320, 520; exchanges with Dick White 271, 292, 312, 492–3, 499, 520–21, 530, 536; passed over as contributor to Sunday Times book on Philby 501–2; review of Boyle’s The Climate of Treason 529; Views on: aims and achievements of Cambridge five 544; Anthony Cave Brown 537; Felix Cowgill 314; former communists 309; Marxist history 202; Montagu of Beaulieu trial 469; Maurice Oldfield 540; Oxford and Cambridge universities 203–4; Kim Philby 309, 311–12, 314; Russian historians 32–3; SIS 311, 314; Wright’s Spycatcher 533
Trinity College, Cambridge 173, 199, 203, 204, 205–7, 210, 215, 218–27, 256, 518
Trinity Hall, Cambridge 207, 219–20, 225, 406
Tripartite Gold Commission 358
Trotsky, Leon 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 52, 90; Whither England? 10
Troup, Sir James 59
Truman, Harry S. 336, 365, 393, 432; Truman Doctrine 361
Trump, Donald xxv
trust, concept of xxvi–xxvii, 32–3, 47, 74–5, 77, 310, 338, 356, 367–8, 370, 411, 468
Tsankov, Alexander 14–15
Tsarev, Oleg 178, 243
TUBE ALLOYS (atomic weapons project) 333–4, 340–41
Tudor-Hart, Alexander 235
Tudor-Hart, Edith (née Suschitsky): background, early life and marriage 235, 422; NKVD talent scout in England 162, 210, 235, 422, 423; and Glading network 162, 163, 165, 170, 235, 422; and Cambridge spy ring 210, 221–2, 235–6, 240, 306, 386, 422–3; MI5 surveillance and questioning 422–4, 425
Tudor-Hart, Tommy 423
Turck, James 396, 398
Turing, Alan 225, 444, 528
Turkey 373–4; see also Ankara; Istanbul; Ottoman Empire
Turner, Anthony 480
Tweedsmuir, John Buchan, 1st Baron 214
Tweedsmuir, Priscilla, Baroness 479
Tyrrell, Sir William (later 1st Baron Tyrrell) 62, 106, 121
Ukraine 9, 13, 23, 29; see also Odessa
Ullmann, Walter 203
Ullmann, William 285, 365
ULTRA (Second World War decrypts) 514, 537
Ulyanov, Alexander 4
Umansky, Fedia 24
Union of Democratic Control 152, 167
United Nations 363, 382, 411, 524
United Nations International Atomic Energy Agency 505
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration 366
United Nations Security Council 429
United Press (press agency) 241, 262
United Services Club 415
Universal Barter Company 134
University College, Oxford 524
University Research Group (MI5) 517
Uren, Ormond 300
Uris, Leon, Topaz 499
Urquhart, Sir Brian 180–81
US Service and Shipping Corporation 283
Ustinov, Jona ‘Klop’ 180
Ustinov, Sir Peter 180–81
Uxbridge, Middlesex 105
Valéry, Paul 197
vanity (character trait), as security risk 458
Vansittart, Sir Robert (later 1st Baron Vansittart): PUS of Foreign Office 27, 62, 74, 131, 135–6; character and characteristics 73, 121, 426; Views on: Lord Bertie of Thame 73; British identity 117, 549; Christianity 182; diplomatic relations with Soviets 56; electoral reform 63–4; French intelligence 102; homosexuality 459, 470; Sir Donald Maclean 185; Donald Maclean 246; masculinity xxi, 165; supra-nationalism 82; Whitehall culture 40, 66, 119
Vanzetti, Bartolomeo 408
Vassall, John: background, character and sexuality 475–6, 542; espionage activities 476–7; trial and imprisonment 70, 477–8, 546; aftermath of case 454, 477–8, 495, 542
Vaughan, Sir Tudor 60
Veltheim, Erkki 52
VENONA project (US decryption of Soviet security messages) 346–7, 377–8, 386, 394, 410, 430, 530, 546
Verduynen, Jonkheer Michiels van 428
Vermehren, Erich 375–6, 432
Vernon, Wilfrid: background, character and early life 154–5, 345, 458; aviation spy 79, 154–7, 277, 546; vetoed from wartime employment by MI5 275, 277; Member of Parliament 79, 157, 344–5, 354–5, 359–60, 424; interviewed by MI5 424–5; Camberwell borough councillor 424
Versailles, treaty of (1919) 133, 220; see also Paris Peace Conference (1919)
vetting, of security services and civil service staff 69, 286, 368–71, 416, 458, 547
; negative vetting 69, 369–70; positive vetting 69, 271, 356, 368, 370–71, 416, 465, 467–8
Vichy France 71
Vickers (armaments company) 11, 41, 42, 57, 67, 147, 225, 499; and industrial espionage 148, 150
Victoria, Queen, French press abuse of 41–2
Victoria & Albert Museum, London 299
Vienna: ‘Red Vienna’ (1918–34) 14, 22, 155, 229–31; civil war and rise of fascism 230–34, 238; Philby in 232–4; Anschluss (1938) 213, 238–9, 260; post-war zones of occupation 239, 493; bombing of British military headquarters (1946) 362; Smolka in 422, 425, 493–4
Vienna, British Embassy 37
Vientiane, Laos 467
Vigilance Detective Agency 86, 91–5, 101; see also Ewer–Hayes spy network
Villiers, Gerald 459–60
Vilnius 333
Vinarov, Ivan Zolov 14, 22
Vivian, Valentine: appearance and character 254; background and education 255; SIS officer 27, 311; reports on Rome and Berlin embassy security 27; head of counter-espionage section 135; enlistment of Guy Burgess as freelance 254, 255; investigation of FO
Communications Department 132, 135–6, 140–41; and Krivitsky defection 144; and recruitment of Kim Philby to SIS 177, 308–9; and Gouzenko defection 331; security report on Burgess 386; and Philby’s divorce and second marriage 373; Views on: Guy Burgess 467; St John Philby 177; Patrick Reilly 313
Volkov, Konstantin 371–3, 374, 376, 381, 418, 521, 523
Volodarsky, Iosif (Armand Feldman) 158
Voroshilov, Kliment 295
Vyshinsky, Andrei 30, 31, 114, 167, 382, 479
Wadham College, Oxford 218
Wakefield prison 350
Waldegrave, William (later Baron Waldegrave of North Hill) 274–5, 381
Walker-Smith, Derek (later Baron Broxbourne) 174
Wall Street crash (1929) 201
Wallace, Henry 307
Wallisch, Koloman 230, 233, 234
Walsingham, Sir Francis 34
Walton, Calder 361
Wansbrough-Jones, Sir Owen 219, 315
War Department (United States) 284–5
War Office: Intelligence Department/Division (ID) 37–44, 147, 151; Intelligence Corps 44, 276, 287, 293, 321–2, 461, 493, 519; MI1B cryptography department 61; intelligence gathering during First World War 48, 61, 147; and inter-war industrial mobilization 148; and Second World War intelligence operations 321–2; regulations on homosexuality 470
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