SAC (Strategic Air Command)
Sahl, China
Sahl, Mort
Salandria, Vincent
Salazar, Antonio
Salinger, Pierre
Salinger, Stephen
Salisbury, Harrison
Same, Graham E.
San Fernando Valley State College Northridge, California
San Francisco Chronicle,
Sandburg, Carl
Saturday Evening Post,
Schary, Dore
Schlesinger, Alexander
Schlesinger, Arthur
Schlossberg, Caroline Kennedy
Schneider, Rene
Schulberg, Budd
Schweiker, Richard, Schweitzer, Albert
Scott, Peter Dale
Scott, Sir Walter
Scott, Winston
Seberg, Jean
Secret Service
“Seeds of Doubt” (Minnis and Lynd),
Seigenthaler, John
Senate Armed Services Committee
Senate Foreign Relations Committee,
Senate Internal Security Committee,
Senate race (1964)
Senate Select Committee on Improper Activities in the Labor or Management Field (Rackets Committee)
“September Song” (Weill)
Sequoia (presidential yacht)
Serling, Rod
Sevareid, Eric
Seven Days in May (Knebel and Bailey),
“7 O’Clock News/Silent Night” (Simon and Garfunkel)
Sforza, Tony
Shackley, Ted
Shakespeare, William, Shaw, Clay
Shelby, Carroll
Sheridan, Nancy
Sheridan, Walter
Sheridan, Walter, Jr.
Shoup, David
Shriver, Eunice Kennedy
Shriver, Sargent
Sidey, Hugh
Siegel, Abe
Simon and Garfunkel
Sinatra, Frank
SIOP (Single Integrated Operational Plan)
Sirhan, Sirhan Bishara
Six Seconds in Dallas (Thompson),
60 Minutes (CBS)
Smith, Jean Kennedy
Smith, Stephen
Smith, Wayne
Snyder, Howard
Somerset Importers
Somoza, Anastasio
Sorensen, Anna Chaikin
Sorensen, C. A.
Sorensen, Camellia
Sorensen, Theodore
Sourwine, Jay
South Africa
RFK’s trip to
South America
JFK’s trips to
RFK’s trip to
Southern, Terry
Soviet Union. See also Khrushchev Nikita
arms control and
Berlin Blockade of
Berlin Crisis of 1961
Cuban Missile Crisis and
Hungarian uprising of 1956 and
Kennedy administration relations with
nuclear weapons and
reaction to death of JFK
RFK’s secret message to,
Spalding, Charles
Spanish-American War
Special Unit Senator (SUS)
Specter, Arlen
Sprague, Richard A
Stalin, Joseph
Standard Oil
Stanton, Charles E.
Starnes, Richard
State, U.S. Department of
Stevenson, Adlai
Stockdale, Grant
Stone, Oliver
Sturbitts, William
Sturgis, Frank
Sullivan, William
Summers, Anthony
Symington, James
Symington, Stuart
Szulc, Tad
Tanenbaum, Robert
Taubman, William
Taylor, Maxwell
Teapot Dome scandal
Teller, Edward
Tet offensive
Texas School Book Depository
Thanksgiving Day massacre
Thirteen Days (movie)
Thomas, Evan
Thomas, Norman
Thompson, Josiah, Thurmond, Strom
Tiberius Gracchus
Time-Life, Inc.
Time magazine
Toledano, Ralph de
Tolson, Clyde
Tomlinson, Richard
Townsend, Kathleen Kennedy
Toynbee, Arnold
Trafficante, Santo
Trevor-Roper, Hugh
Trohan, Walter
Truitt, Anne
Trujillo, Rafael
Truman, Harry
Turkey, U.S. bases in
Turner, William
Turnure, Pamela
Tuttle, Rick
Twain, Mark
Tweedsmuir, Lord
Tydings, Joe
Uecker, Karl
Ugly American, The (Lederer and Burdick)
Ultimate Sacrifice (Waldron and Hartmann)
United Fruit Company
United Nations
U.S. Information Agency
University of Alabama
University of Mississippi
University of North Carolina
University of San Francisco
University of Washington
Unruh, Jesse
Valenti, Jack
Vallee, Thomas Arthur
Vance, Cyrus
Vaughn, Jack
Veciana, Antonio
Venezuela weapons caper
Verne, Jules
Vidal, Gore
Vienna summit of 1961
Vietnam War
Village Voice,
Voice of America
Wald, Jerry
Waldron, Lamar
Walinsky, Adam
Walker, Edwin A.
Walker, William
Wallace, George
Wallace, Irving
Wallace, Mike
Walsh, Kevin
Walters, Barbara
Walton, Frances
Walton, Matthew
Walton, Robert
Walton, William
Warren, Earl
Warren Commission and Report
Washington, George
Washington Daily News,
Washington Post,
Watson, Marvin
Watt, Ruth
“Waves of Darkness” (Meyer),
Wedemeyer, A. C.
Weill, Kurt
Weisberg, Harold
Welch, Robert
Welles, Orson
Weyl, Nathaniel
Wheeler, Earle
White, Byron “Whizzer,”
White, Theodore H.
Whitten, John
Who Killed Kennedy? (Buchanan),
“Who Killed Whom and Why? Dark
Thoughts About Dark Events”(Arnoni)
Wicker, Tom
Wilbur, Richard
Wilde, Oscar
Wilder, Mrs. Billy
Willens, Howard
Williams, Enrique “Harry” Ruiz
Wofford, Harris
World Bank
World War I
World War II
Yale University
Yarborough, Ralph
Yarmolinsky, Adam
Yorty, Sam
Zapruder, Abraham
ZR Rifle (Furiati)
Zwillman, Longy
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. was a ferocious, but loving, force in the lives of his sons, Ted, Jack, and Bobby. His fortune—scraped together on the frontiers of American capitalism—paved his sons’ way to political glory. But Bobby suspected that his father, like Shakespeare’s Henry IV, had bequeathed them a poisoned inheritance, “canker’d heaps of strange-achieved gold.” Courtesy JFK Library
The Kennedy brothers probe a witness during a session of the Senate rackets hearings in May 1957. The mammoth investigation into labor and business corruption helped usher the brothers onto the national stage. But, as their father feared, it made Jack and particularly Bobby targets of b
itter enmity in the criminal underworld. Courtesy Corbis
Bobby and trusted aide Walter Sheridan (center) spar with their long-time nemesis, Teamster leader Jimmy Hoffa. Sheridan was Kennedy’s “avenging angel” in his war on organized crime. Later, he would enlist Sheridan in the most secret and urgent investigation of their lives—to find the truth about the assassination of President Kennedy. Courtesy Nancy Sheridan
White House press secretary Pierre Salinger (left) chats with Kenny O’Donnell, JFK’s political aide. O’Donnell, whose life was entwined with that of the Kennedy brothers, never recovered from their assassinations. Without the Kennedys, said one old Boston friend, “O’Donnell was the music without the harp.” Courtesy JFK Library
Bobby confers with family friend William Walton during a break from the 1960 presidential primary campaign on the back roads of West Virginia. After JFK’s assassination, Bobby and Jackie Kennedy would entrust Walton with a stunning secret mission—to visit Moscow and assure Soviet authorities that the Kennedys did not suspect them of plotting the crime. The president, Walton confided, was the victim of a powerful domestic conspiracy. Courtesy JFK Library, photo by Robert Lerner
Kennedy speechwriter Theodore Sorensen brought a soaring poetry to JFK’s efforts to articulate a post-Cold War future, a visionary quest that culminated in the president’s historic “Peace Speech” at American University in June 1963. Sorensen, who was raised in a pacifist Unitarian family, drew the ire and suspicion of Washington hawks. Courtesy Getty
Edwin Guthman (second from left), walking with Ethel and Bobby Kennedy, was one of RFK’s “band of brothers”—a crusading newspaper reporter who put his career on hold to join the Kennedys’ New Frontier. Guthman, who knew how many enemies Bobby had made during his own crusading career, pleaded in vain with his friend to surround himself with more protection during his public appearances. Courtesy JFK Library
Robert F. Kennedy confers with John Seigenthaler during the 1960 presidential campaign. “What a rich little prick!” Seigenthaler thought when he met Bobby. But he later put his body on the line for RFK’s civil rights battles. Courtesy John Seigenthaler, photo by Jacques Lowe
White House aide Richard Goodwin antagonized hardliners by urging a hands-off policy on Cuba and by meeting with Che Guevara at a Uruguay dance party in August 1961. In later years, Goodwin confided his suspicions about JFK’s assassination to Bobby, a plot that the Kennedy aide thought had grown out of the CIA-Mafia war on Castro. Courtesy Getty
The Kennedy clan and advisors gather in the family’s Hyannis Port compound to nervously await the official outcome of the presidential race the morning after the election, which had still not been conceded by Richard Nixon. Waiting with JFK, from the left, are Walton, Salinger, Ethel, Bobby, RFK’s secretary Angie Novello, and campaign aide William Haddad. JFK’s whisper of a victory gave the young president-elect a tenuous hold on the machinery of government. Courtesy Woodfin-Camp NYC, photo by Jacques Lowe
Bobby warily eyes FBI chief J. Edgar Hoover during a meeting at the bureau. The attorney general came to view Hoover as a “menace to democracy,” whose poisonous power over politicians came from his voluminous secret files. The Kennedys, who compiled their own compromising information on Hoover, thought they could control him. But as soon as President Kennedy was cut down in Dallas, Hoover made it clear to the attorney general that he would no longer defer to him. Courtesy Woodfin-Camp NYC, photo by Jacques Lowe
Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev greets President Kennedy at the Vienna summit in June 1961. Despite their jousting over Berlin, Cuba, Vietnam, and other Cold War hot spots, the two leaders came to develop an appreciation for one another as they tried to steer their nations from the nuclear abyss. Hearing the news from Dallas, Khrushchev broke down and sobbed in the Kremlin. Khrushchev was convinced that Kennedy was killed by militaristic forces in Washington bent on sabotaging the two leaders’ efforts to reach détente. Less than a year later, the Soviet leader was forced out of power by his own hardliners in a bloodless coup. Courtesy JFK Library, photo by Look/Stanley Tretick
Fidel Castro holds forth in a Harlem restaurant during his 1959 visit to New York. JFK was convinced that he could compete with the Cuban leader’s revolutionary charisma, winning over the people of Latin America with U.S. aid and promises of democratic reform. In the final months of the Kennedy administration, JFK opened up a diplomatic back channel with Castro to explore peace with his rival, who said that Kennedy could become “the greatest president of the United States.” Courtesy Getty
ABC news correspondent Lisa Howard rubs elbows with Che Guevara. Howard, who carried peace feelers between Havana and Washington, became one of Castro’s lovers in the process. CIA officials regarded Howard’s efforts with cold disdain. Her partner in the peace effort, UN diplomat William Attwood, later concluded that when word of the Kennedy-Castro back channel spread throughout the febrile world of spies, gangsters, and militant Cuban exiles, the results were explosive. Courtesy Getty
At a Cabinet Room meeting in April 1961, one week before the Bay of Pigs invasion, the operation’s CIA masterminds, Allen Dulles and Richard Bissell, were full of confidence. Sitting from left to right are Defense Secretary Robert McNamara, Joint Chiefs of Staff chairman Lyman Lemnitzer, Dulles and Bissell. Intelligence officials did not inform President Kennedy that, by the agency’s own estimates, the invasion was doomed to fail unless the U.S. threw its military might against Castro’s forces. “I’ve got to do something about those CIA bastards,” JFK raged after the ensuing fiasco. Courtesy Woodfin-Camp NYC, photo by Jacques Lowe
The president and first lady welcome the recently freed leaders of the Bay of Pigs brigade at a December 1962 Orange Bowl ceremony in Miami. Though Kennedy had no intention of launching a U.S. invasion of Cuba, he raised the Cuban exiles’ hopes during his speech by declaring that the rebel flag they had presented him “will be returned to this brigade in a free Havana.” Courtesy Getty
Members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff gather in the White House for a meeting with President Kennedy. From left to right are Admiral Arleigh Burke; General Andy Goodpaster, a military aide to former President Eisenhower; Marine General David Shoup; Army General George Decker; and Joint Chiefs chairman Lemnitzer. Kennedy had a deeply strained relationship with his military commanders. He became so concerned with the mutinous atmosphere in some military quarters that he persuaded friends in Hollywood to alert the public by making a film version of Seven Days in May, the bestselling novel about an attempted coup in Washington. Courtesy Woodfin-Camp NYC, photo by Jacques Lowe
Defense Secretary McNamara and General Maxwell Taylor, who took over from Lemnitzer as Joint Chiefs chairman, confer with JFK in the White House. Kennedy tried to impose control over the restive armed forces with the help of McNamara and Taylor, two men deeply distrusted by the military establishment. Kennedy saw McNamara as a key ally in his drive for a more peaceful and stable world. But after Kennedy was replaced by Lyndon Johnson, McNamara would earn a more bellicose place in history. Courtesy JFK Library, © Robert L. Knudsen, White House
Richard Helms, who maneuvered his way to the top of the CIA in the 1960s, kept the agency’s secrets from presidents and congressional overseers. He approved the CIA’s recruitment of Mafia assassins to kill Castro, without informing the Kennedys. And he later made sure that the Warren Commission remained ignorant of dark agency secrets like this. Courtesy Getty
The strange and spectral James Angleton also played a key role in misleading the Warren Commission and spreading disinformation about JFK’s assassination. After his ouster from the CIA, grisly morgue photos of Robert Kennedy were found in his office vault. Courtesy Corbis
Cord Meyer and Mary Meyer, shown here after their 1945 marriage, shared a youthful vision for global peace after the slaughterhouse of World War II, which took the life of Cord’s twin brother and left him partially blinded. But after he joined the CIA, where he fell under the spell of Angleton, Meyer grew increasingly gloomy in his
world views. After Mary left him, to pursue the life of an early ’60s bohemian, she became romantically involved with President Kennedy. CIA officials like Angleton, who kept a creepy watch over Mary, suspected that she was leading Kennedy down the path of peace, love, and drugs. Courtesy Corbis
David Atlee Phillips, the CIA’s propaganda chief for the Bay of Pigs operation, was among those who were deeply embittered by President Kennedy’s refusal to rescue the doomed invaders. Investigators for the House Select Committee on Assassinations later zeroed in on Phillips’ possible ties to JFK’s murder, but their inquiries were aborted. “I was one of the two case officers who handled Lee Harvey Oswald,” Phillips wrote in a proposal for a strangely confessional novel before his death in 1988.
David Morales, the paramilitary chief for the CIA’s JM/WAVE station in Miami, carried out a variety of dark assignments for the agency. Morales, who grew close to Mafia confederates like Johnny Rosselli, later told his lawyer he was in both Dallas and Los Angeles when John and Robert Kennedy were assassinated.
Mafia emissary Johnny Rosselli arrives on Capitol Hill in June 1975 to testify before the Church Committee about the CIA’s pact with the mob. The following year, after Rosselli was called to testify further, his dismembered body was found stuffed in a rusting oil drum, floating in the waters off Miami. “Rosselli was killed every way you can be killed,” said committee member Gary Hart. Courtesy Corbis
As the Kennedy family laid the fallen president to rest, Bobby and Jacqueline Kennedy’s rage at the “they” who had killed JFK was replaced by a paralyzing sense of loss. To close friends, it seemed Bobby’s crushing grief was compounded by a profound guilt, the feeling that he could have prevented his brother’s murder if he had only been more vigilant. Courtesy Woodfin-Camp NYC, photo by Jacques Lowe
Bobby Kennedy could not bring himself to accept Lyndon Johnson, “the garish sun” who had replaced his brother as president. Ironically, the two bitter rivals shared a deep suspicion that JFK was the victim of a conspiracy. While Washington’s political elite muttered darkly among themselves about the plot that had ended the Kennedy presidency, the media continued to reassure the public that the assassination was the work of a lone misfit. Courtesy JFK Library, photo by Edward Ozern
Brothers: The Hidden History of the Kennedy Years (No Series) Page 68
