by Thomas Maier
Chapter Forty: Principles of Peace
The opening quote is from President Kennedy’s June 28, 1963, speech to the Irish Parliament, in which he paraphrased from William Butler Yeats’s poem,“The Three Marching Songs.” Gerry Adams’s comments are from the author’s interview with him in Letterkenny, County Donegal, Republic of Ireland, and subsequent telephone interview with Adams from New York. Further details of the conversation between Adams and Vice President Al Gore were detailed in Tim Pat Coogan, The Troubles: Ireland’s Ordeal 1966–1996 and the Search for Peace; and Conor O’Clery, Daring Diplomacy: Clinton’s Secret Search for Peace in Ireland. Jean Kennedy Smith’s “hint of melancholy about her” was described in Kevin Cullen, “A Kennedy Leaves Her Mark on Ireland,” Boston Globe, July 2, 1998.Also see, John Burns,“It’s That Clan Again,” Sunday Times of London, June 27, 1993.“We took vacations” was from the author’s conversation with Jean Kennedy Smith. Smith recollections of her mother were in Laura Blumenfeld, “A Green Light at the White House,”Washington Post, March 18, 1995. John Hume’s long-time friendship with the Kennedys was mentioned in Paul Routledge, John Hume:A Biography; and John Hume, A New Ireland: Politics, Peace and Reconciliation,” with foreword by Sen. Edward M. Kennedy. “I saw the suffering this woman was experiencing” was from a profile of Jean Kennedy Smith in Niall O’Dowd,“Irish American of the Year,” Irish America,April 30, 1995.“I knew John was talking to him and I didn’t see any downside to it, frankly”was from author’s talk with Smith. Gerry Adams’s background was detailed in Tim Pat Coogan, The Troubles;Tim Pat Coogan, The IRA:A History;Terry Golway, For the Cause of Liberty: A Thousand Years of Ireland’s Heroes; and Gerry Adams, Before the Dawn:An Autobiography. Adams’s arrival in Boston with Sen. Edward Kennedy was reported in Kevin Cullen,“Sinn Fein Campaign Embraces Boston,” Boston Globe, September 25, 1994.The dispute with Smith over the Adams’s visa was detailed in Richard Gilbert,“Dissent in Dublin,” Foreign Service Journal, July 1996. President Clinton’s initial instruction to his new ambassador to Ireland were cited in the author’s interview with Smith. Albert Reynolds’s comments about the Kennedys came from Laura Blumenfeld, “The Envoy’s Bloodlines,” Washington Post, August 31, 1995. Clinton’s biographer suggested the photo symbolized “a transference of politics” for the future president, while another Irish journalist quipped that it appeared “a laying of hands” of one American chieftain to another in David Maraniss, First in His Class. Frank Mankiewicz’s observation about Clinton’s affinity with the Kennedys and the JFK legacy was reported in Kathy Lewis, “An Invitation from Jackie,” Dallas Morning News, August 25, 1993. Clinton’s statement “I’ve always been conscious of being Irish” came from Conor O’Cleary,“Bill O’Clinton,” Irish Times, November 25, 1995.“There was huge protestation”was from the author’s interview with Adams. Niall O’Dowd’s recollections were also from an interview. The comments of former U.S. Ambassador to Great Britain Raymond Seitz, and the resulting controversy, were reported in “Seitz Attack Threat to Peace, Says Kennedy,” Irish Independent, January 20, 1998; and Kevin Cullen,“A Kennedy Leaves Her Mark in Ireland,” Boston Globe, July 2, 1998. Kathleen Kennedy Townsend’s recollection of her trip to Ireland with Clinton were from an interview. Further details about Clinton and the Kennedys came from Michael Cox,“The War That Came In from the Cold: Clinton and the Irish Question,” World Policy Journal, March 22, 1999; Anne Brennan, “Handshake Launches Lifelong Connection with the Kennedys,” Cape Cod Times,August 6, 2000; Christopher Ogden,“With Help from Their Friends,” Time,April 20, 1998; as well as Clinton’s remarks on October 23, 2000, in Lowell, Massachusetts, where he said “Whatever I have accomplished as President, so much of it would never have been possible if Ted Kennedy wasn’t there every single step of the way.”The comments of Irish President Mary McAleese were contained in Maol Muire Tynan,“Kennedy Smith Given Honorary Citizenship,” Irish Times, July 27, 1998. Amb. Smith sharing a laugh with Pat Kennedy was recalled in Kevin Cullen,“A Kennedy Leaves Her Mark in Ireland,” Boston Globe, July 2, 1998. Smith’s appearance at a County Wexford commemoration of the battles of 1798 was described in Roisin de Rossa,“1798–1998:The Pikes Are Carried Again,” An Phoblacht/Republican News, August 27, 1998. Sen. Edward Kennedy said his family’s personal history was “certainly a factor” in efforts by Jean Kennedy Smith and himself to bring about peace in Northern Ireland, based on his written response to the author. Ted Kennedy’s comments about the suffering in Ulster and recalling his father’s letter was derived from a 1998 speech at the University of Ulster in Derry entitled,“Northern Ireland—A View from America.”
Chapter Forty-One: Legacies
John F. Kennedy Jr.’s comment after working briefly with Mother Teresa’s group came from Elaine Lafferty,“The Promise of Camelot Beckoned,” Irish Times, July 19, 1999. Pierre Salinger’s recollection was from a United Press International dispatch from July 1999.The interview with Gerry Adams was contained in John Kennedy,“Gerry Adams’s Last Shot,” George,August 1997. Kennedy’s trip to Belfast was recalled by Richard McAuley in an interview.“Like many Irish- Americans, they have a very strong sense of their Irishness” was Gerry Adams’s assessment of the Kennedys during an interview. News coverage of JFK Jr.’s fatal 1999 crash included the comments of Mike Barnicle and Doris Kearns Goodwin in Tom Brokaw and Katie Couric,“An American Tragedy,” transcript from NBC News, July 23, 1999. Orrin Hatch’s comment and other postulating about the fate of the Kennedy was in Rick Hampson,“Greek Saga Seems to Hit Famous Irish Clan,” USA Today, July 21, 1999. After the JFK Jr. crash,Ted Kennedy denies any existence of a Kennedy curse in “Sen. Kennedy talks about his grief,”Associated Press, Cape Cod Times,May 3, 2000. Sen. Kennedy’s eulogy for his nephew was repeated in numerous accounts, including N.R. Kleinfield,“Recalling JFK Jr.’s Promise,” New York Times, July 24, 1999.The memorial Mass at old St. Patrick’s in lower Manhattan was described in Richard Pyle,“Kennedy Relatives Prepare for Mass,” Associated Press, July 23, 1999.The long-term impact of the 1965 Immigration Act was cited in James Goldsborough,“Out of Control Immigration,” Foreign Affairs, September–October 2000. Sen. Kennedy’s retrospective view of the 1965 immigration bill’s impact, as well as the comparison of conditions for today’s undocumented workers to those faced by his Irish immigrant ancestors, was in a written response to the author. Financial details of the $30 million Joseph P. Kennedy Foundation were provided by publicly available IRS Form 990s documents filed by the group and examined by the author. Tim Russert recalled his Irish Catholic community’s reaction to JFK’s 1960 victory in Niall O’Dowd,“Meet the Best:Tim Russert of NBC,” Irish America. Sen. Joseph Lieberman’s recollection of the same event was recalled his May 14, 2001, speech at the John F. Kennedy Library. Kathleen Kennedy Townsend’s analogy about Galileo was from the author’s interview. Details of the 2000 Democratic National Convention came from Mike Feinsilber,“Kennedys Celebrate the Party’s Liberal Legacy,”Associated Press,August 16, 2000.
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