by Alison Bass
May Act (1941), 130
McDougall, Liz, 8
Miami, Florida, 200
Milrod, Christine, 48, 49
minors. See runaway teenagers; underage sex workers
Miss Major Griffin-Gracy, 245–47
Money, John, 75–77
Montalvo, Betzaida, 111
motivation of clients. See under clients
motivation of sex workers: of adolescents, 61, 62–63; better pay than menial work, 10, 18–19, 49–50, 96, 188; drug money, 67–68, 69, 94, 96, 152–53; economic desperation, 10, 45, 61, 62, 95, 201, 226, 230–31; economic independence, 34, 65, 73, 74; empowerment, 65, 73, 75; entrepreneurship, 65, 70, 96, 166, 207; overview, 209, 243; Victorian era, 18–19
Moya, Eduardo, 43
Moya, Julie Hahn: arrests, 43–44, 101, 103–5, 145–47, 160; blog, 160–61; client confidentiality, 146, 147; decriminalization efforts, 161–62; exotic dancing, 35–36; foray into prostitution, 33, 34, 61; grandson, 33–34, 239–40; Hustler Club, 32, 33; lifestyle, 101–2; marriage, 43; motivation, 61, 75, 243; Nevada brothel, 130–31; New York City brothels, 1–6, 34, 44, 46, 47, 89, 162, 239–40; online advertising, 5, 43, 44; Riddle prostitution ring, 34–35, 36, 39–42; and sex traffickers, 85–88; as streetwalker, 39; as teenage runaway, 32–33; Village Voice protest, 5, 6–8
murders of sex workers: Long Island, 46, 56–57, 117–21; number of, 38–39, 112; police indifference, 121; protests against, 211–12; serial killers, 111–13; Vancouver, British Columbia, 201–2; Worcester, Massachusetts, 111, 121–22
Murray, Idaho, 12, 14, 16
“The Natasha Trade” (Hughes), 88
National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC), 8
National Organization for Women (NOW), 31, 36–37
National Task Force on Prostitution, 38
NCMEC (National Center for Missing and Exploited Children), 8
Netherlands: age of entry into sex work, 64; HIV infection rate, 201; pimps, 189–90; prostitution laws, xiii, 184, 234; sex trafficking, 187–88, 189; well-being of sex workers, 66–67, 70, 113–14
Nevada brothels: drug use, 136, 137; earnings of sex workers, 125, 137, 191; history, 129–30; online advertising, 138; and politics, 130–31; price negotiations, 135–36, 139–40; working conditions, 124, 127–28, 131, 132, 135, 191. See also specific brothels
New Orleans, 18, 19
Newsom, Gavin, 215
New South Wales, Australia, 191–93
newspaper advertisements, 197–98
Newsweek, 194
New York City: arrests of sex workers, 148, 149, 150; brothel raids, 101, 103–5; brothels, 1–6, 25–26, 44, 162; police misconduct, 38; teenage sex workers, 62–63, 91, 93–96; Victorian-era prostitution, 9–10, 11–12
New York State, 19, 149, 155, 231
New York Times, 194–95
New Zealand: drug use by sex workers, 67; prostitution laws, xiv, 191–96, 234–35; well-being of sex workers, 66, 112
Nigerian women, trafficking of, 181, 188
9/11, 88–89
Nordic model, 177, 181–82
Northampton, Massachusetts, 50–53, 65
North Carolina, 150
North Providence, Rhode Island, 168–70
Norway, 177, 181
NOW (National Organization for Women), 31, 36–37
NYC Adult Today, 41–42
Oak Beach, New York, 117–21
Oakland, California, 38
Old Bridge Ranch, Nevada, 131, 132–33, 136
Ollen, Dan, 145–46
O’Malley, Nancy, 101, 217–18
online advertising, 7–8, 43, 44–45, 53, 57–58, 138, 227, 228. See also backpage.com; Craigslist
organized crime, 11, 20, 23
O’Rourke, Patrick, 12–13
Östergren, Petra, 180
Pahrump, Nevada, 123–25
Pak, Michael, 118
parental rights of sex workers, 108–9, 156, 178–79, 182–83, 196, 239–40
Pearl, Julie, 148, 153–54
Personal Touch (escort service), 220
Philippines, 193
Pichs, Leo, 173–76
Pickton, Robert William (Willy), 201–2, 203
pimps, 11, 39–40, 63–64, 92–95, 149, 189–90, 236
playboy philosophy, 46–48
Point Foundation, 36
police: antitrafficking efforts, xiii, 97–102, 231–32; bribes, 11, 23, 25–26, 37; as brothel security, 172; cooperation of sex workers with, 17, 185; discrimination in arrests, 30–31, 38, 126, 148–49; indifference to crimes against sex workers, 11, 39, 110, 111–12, 114, 120–21; prostitution stings, 2, 115–16; protection of sex workers, 82; sex with prostitutes, xiii, 31, 44, 114–15, 127, 221–22; Victorian era, 17; violence against sex workers, 114
Porcupine (muckraking sheet), 14
pornographication of culture, xi
Postman, Neil, 47
Powell, Andrea, 63–64, 93, 230–32
Prince, Diana, 70
Prohibition, 20, 129
Proposition 35 (California), 212–13, 216–17, 222–26
Prostitutes, Our Life (Jaget), 26, 29, 39
prostitution. See sex work
Prostitution Law Review Committee (New Zealand), 195
prostitution laws: California, 36, 149, 212–13, 216–19, 222–26; decriminalization benefits for public, x, xiii, 17–18, 113–14; decriminalization benefits for sex workers, x, 161, 185, 192–93, 198–200; enforcement biases, 30–31, 37–38, 126, 148–49, 228–29; enforcement costs, 153, 214; history, x–xi, 17–20; as ineffective, x, 148, 154–55; marginalizing sex workers, 236; New Zealand, xiv, 191–96, 234–35; proposed changes, xiv, 167, 232–36; Rhode Island, 162, 163–64, 166–67, 235; state differences, 149–50; Sweden, 177–83. See also arrests of sex workers
Prostitution Policy (Kuo), 156
Providence, Rhode Island, 101, 163–76
quarantining, 27, 37
racism. See discrimination
Ratha, Meas, 194
Reed, Jennifer, 115–16, 126–27, 128
Reno, Nevada, 130
Rhode Island, prostitution laws, 162, 163–64, 166–67, 235
Richards, Joe, 131
Riddle, Marshall Clay, 34–35, 36, 39–41
Ridgway, Gary, 112–13, 220
Ring, Dan, 221–22
Robbins, Tom, 31–32
Roberts, Nickie, 11, 20, 30
Roosevelt, Franklin, 22–23
Rose Alliance (sex workers group), 182
Rudy, Carmen, 107–11, 121–22
Rudy, Jackie, 107, 109, 110
runaway teenagers, 45, 61–64, 93, 231
Safe Harbor laws, 231
safe sex: Australia, 192–93; and client bribes, 235–36; homeless sex workers, 200; illegal brothel workers, 5; New Zealand, 193; and prostitution laws, xiii, 125, 149–50, 192–93, 199–200; Sweden, 181–82
SAGE Project, 219
saloon girls, 197
Sanders, Teela, xi
San Francisco: Board of Supervisors, 215; Human Rights Commission, 213, 217; legalized prostitution, 18, 19; massage parlor raids, 100–101; streetwalkers, 67, 100, 114–15, 148; Task Force on Prostitution, 148, 214–16, 218; underage sex workers, 218–19
San Francisco magazine, 26
Sanger, William, 10, 11–12, 17–18
Sardina, Cris, 127
Sauro, Anthony, 171–76
Scesny, Alex, 122
Schultz, Dutch, 23
Scion, Greg, 175
Scott, Melvin, 98, 114, 154
Scott, Valerie, 197–98, 203–6
Seabury, Samuel, 22–23
Seagraves, Anne, 12, 16–17
Seattle, Washington, 220–22
self-esteem of sex workers, 66, 70
Senate Bill 1388 (California), 218
separation of self, 69–70
September 11 terrorist attacks, 88–89
serial killers, 111–13, 117–22, 201–2
Sex at the Margins (Agustin
), 183
Sex Professionals of Canada (SPOC), 203–4. See also Canadian Organization for the Rights of Prostitutes (CORP)
sex trafficking: conflation with prostitution, 89–90, 92–93, 99–102, 244; and decriminalization, 187–88, 189; Desiree Alliance conference panel, 211–12; FBI task force, 212; former Soviet-block countries, 85–88; Netherlands, 185, 187–88, 189; Norway, 177, 181; number of victims, 90–92; across state lines, 173; Sweden, 181; truth about, 85–105; underage youth, xi, 63–64, 91, 97–98, 185, 187, 217–19, 231–32; websites, 7; “white slavery,” 18–19. See also antitrafficking efforts
Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (Kinsey), 20
sexually transmitted diseases, 11, 23–24, 27, 37, 125, 235–36. See also HIV infection
sexual revolution, 30
sex work: coining of term, 38; emotional risks, 48–49; as exploitative, 7; growing demand, xi. See also motivation of sex workers; stigma of sex work
Sex Work (Delacoste and Alexander, eds.), 39
Sex Workers Outreach Project (SWOP), 5, 6
Shannon, Kate, 199
Shaw, Lucien, 14
Sheri’s Ranch, Nevada, 123–25, 127–28, 132, 137–43, 242–43
Siegel, Dina, 184–85, 188, 190
Silverstein, Shel, 37
Smith, Joy, 207–8
“The Sociology of Prostitution” (Davis), 71–72
Soiled Doves (Seagraves), 12, 16–17
Somers, Roger, 29
Spain, 74–75
SPOC. See Sex Professionals of Canada (SPOC)
Sprinkle, Annie, 113
STALK (System to Apprehend Lethal Killers), 111, 121, 122
The State of Sex (Brents, Jackson, Hausbeck), 14–15, 129
St. Claire, Elle, 45, 77–83, 107–11, 240
Stella (advocacy group), 208
Sterling, Donald, 229
stigma of sex work: housing discrimination, 100, 156, 199–200, 240; as isolating, 22, 71; marginalization of sex workers, xii; police indifference, 11, 39, 110, 111–12, 114, 120–21; and prostitution laws, xiv, 161, 195–96; sex workers as disposable, 198; Sweden, 183
St. James, Margo, 26–32, 36, 37, 38, 39, 163–64, 214–15
St. James Infirmary, San Francisco, 215
St. Louis, Missouri, 18
Stone, Theresa, 122
Stonewall uprising, 246
streetwalkers: arrests, 30–31, 148; Atlantic City, 94; Chicago, 115; childhood sexual abuse, 67, 73–74; dangers to, 67; drug use, 45, 67–68; and online advertising, 44–45; runaway teens, 45; San Francisco, 67, 114–15, 148; transsexual, 73–74; violence against, 69, 112, 180, 198–99, 201–2; Washington, D.C., 67–68; well-being, 66–67, 70
Suffolk County, New York, 119–21
Supreme Court (Canada), 198, 206–7, 208, 224
Supreme Court (U.S.), 224
survival sex, 45, 61, 95, 201, 230–31
Sweden, 177–83
SWOP (Sex Workers Outreach Project), 5, 6
System to Apprehend Lethal Killers (STALK), 111, 121, 122
Technopoly (Postman), 47
teenagers. See runaway teenagers; underage sex workers
Teresa (FAIR director), 230
TGI Justice, 247
tippelzones, 184
Tits and Sass (blog), 242
trafficking, definition of, 6. See also antitrafficking efforts; labor trafficking; sex trafficking
Trafficking Victims Protection Act (2000), 88, 91, 97
transgender sex workers, 64, 70, 245–47
transsexual sex workers, 68–69, 73–74, 77–83
“treating,” 24
underage sex workers: arrests, 97–98; and decriminalization, 187; male sex workers, 95–96; number of, 92; online advertisements, 7–8; and pimps, 93–95; as trafficking victims, xi, 63–64, 91, 97–98, 185, 187, 217–19, 231–32; Victorian era, 11–12. See also runaway teenagers
United Kingdom, 67, 112, 234
United Nations, 90, 182, 193, 201
The Unrepentant Whore (Leigh), 216
Urban Justice Center, 62, 96, 150, 200, 212
U.S. Army, venereal disease studies, 23–24
U.S. Constitution, 224
U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 173–76
US PROStitutes Collective (US PROS), 218, 225–26
U.S. State Department, 89–90
U.S. Supreme Court, 224
Vancouver, British Columbia, 199–200, 201–2
Vanwesenbeeck, Ine, 66, 70
venereal disease. See sexually transmitted diseases
Venkatesh, Sudhir, 115
Victorian-era prostitution, 9–17
violence against sex workers: and decriminalization, 113–14, 190, 198–200; increase in, 38–39; by police, 98, 114; police indifference, 39, 114, 120–21; streetwalkers, 67, 69, 112, 180, 198–99, 201–2; transsexuals, 69. See also murders of sex workers
violence against women, 113, 235
Virginia City, Nevada, 14–16
Virtual Reality, 45
Washington, D.C., 67–68, 98, 114, 149, 150, 154, 227–29
Watts, Alan, 29–30, 31
websites. See Internet
Weitzer, Ronald: on client emotions, 48, 49; decriminalization suggestions, 154–55, 167, 233, 234, 235, 236; on German employment contracts, 191; on Netherlands’ decriminalization, 185, 189
well-being of sex workers, 66–67, 69–70, 112, 113–14
West. See American West
West, Rachel, 218, 225–26
“white slavery,” 18–19
White Slave Traffic Act. See Mann Act (1910)
Whole Earth Catalog’s Point Foundation, 36
Whores, Housewives and Others, 31
Whores in History (Roberts), 11, 20, 30
Worcester, Massachusetts, 107–11, 121–22
working conditions, 124, 127–28, 131, 132, 135, 191, 192, 235
World War I, 19
World War II, 23
Young, Alan, 202–3, 204–5, 208
