I would also like to thank Roslyn Pachoca, a reference librarian, and others at the Library of Congress for help in tracing Ilsa Barea’s Telefónica; the staff at the New York Public Library’s cataloging and reading rooms, who guided me to obscure foreign and periodical publications; and Mark Bartlett and his colleagues at the New York Society Library, who let me treat their collection as an extension of my home bookshelves.
I owe an enormous debt to the scholars, historians, and other writers who have worked with this material before me, and in some cases are working on it still. Many are acknowledged in my bibliography and source notes, but some of them have gone out of their way to help me individually, answering my questions, pointing out my blunders, lending me books or films, or pointing me in the direction of interesting sources. I’m particularly (and alphabetically) grateful to Richard Baxell, Antony Beevor, Patrick, Ramón, and George Buckley, Javier Cercas, Robert Coale, Mary Dearborn, Scott Donaldson, Michael Eaude, Soledad Fox, Joanna Godfry, Ray Hoff, Sheila Isenberg, Rickard Jorgensen, Stephen Koch, Anne Makepeace, José Martinez de Pison, Marion Meade, Caroline Moorehead, Paul Preston, Carl Rollyson, Irme Schaber, Patrick Seale, Peter Stansky, Nigel Townson, Alex Vernon, Alan Warren, William Braasch Watson, and Trisha Ziff; and, for help with German texts, Janice Kohn. I am also thankful for the support and probing questions from members of the New York University Biography Seminar, the first audience for early pages of this book. Without all these individuals, this book might have been written but would have been a lot less interesting, and accurate. Where it is inaccurate, or uninteresting, the fault is mine.
There are no words to express my gratitude to my extraordinary agent, Eric Simonoff, who when I first showed him a proposal for Hotel Florida said the magic words “I want to sell it tomorrow.” Nor to the man he sold it to: the equally extraordinary Jonathan Galassi, whom I’ve long valued as a friend and colleague, and have now come to cherish as an editor and publisher. I also thank Jonathan’s wonderful team at Farrar, Straus and Giroux, including but not limited to Christopher Richards (a.k.a. Mission Control), Stephen Weil, Jennifer Carrow, Amber Hoover, Marion Duvert, Diana Frost, Jeff Seroy, Lenni Wolff, Jonathan Lippincott, Tal Goretsky, and my old Viking shipmate Lottchen Shivers; Alexandra Pringle and her colleagues at Bloomsbury, among them the ever-patient Bill Swainson and Madeleine Feeny; and my Spanish agent, Mònica Martín Berdagué, for her support and kindness.
Finally I’d like to acknowledge the friends who have graciously put up with my gossip about seventy-five-year-old events over lunches, dinners, and walks around the reservoir (you all know who you are); my loyal office assistants, Natasha and Tanaquil Stewart; and my family—Tom, Pamela, and Patrick—who teach me every day the importance of love and integrity.
INDEX
The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your e-book. Please use the search function on your e-reading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.
ABC Press Service
Abraham Lincoln Battalion
Abyssinia
Ackerley, J. R.
Adams, J. Donald
Aga Khan
Agence Espagne
Alba, Duke of
Albacete
Albany Times-Union
Alberti, Rafael
Alcázar (Toledo)
Alcoy
Alfambra
Alfonso XIII, King of Spain
Alianza de Escritores Antifascistas
Alicante
Allan, Ted
Allen, Jay
Alliance Photo agency
Almadén
Almería
Álvarez del Vayo, Julio
Alving, Barbro
American Friends for Spanish Democracy
Anarchists; see also CNT; FAI
Andalusia
André Marty Battalion
Anglo-American Press Club
Anti-Comintern Pact
Antirevolutionary Coalition
anti-Stalinists
Aragon
Aragon, Louis
Araquistáin, Luis
Arganda
Armstrong, Dick
Army of Africa
Art et décoration (magazine)
Assange, Julian
Assault Guards
Associated Press
Asturias
Atholl, Duchess of (Katherine Stewart-Murray)
Auden, W. H.
Austria; German annexation of; political exiles from; see also Vienna
Aveline, Claude
Azaña, Manuel
Badajoz
Bahamas
Bahamonde, Antonio
Baker, Carlos
Baker, Josephine
Balzac, Honoré, Comédie Humaine
Banco de España (Madrid)
Bank of America
Barcelona; Arturo and Ilsa Barea in; battles near (see Ebro, Battle of the); bombing of; Dos Passos innn; fall of; government relocated from Valencia to; Hemingway in; International Brigade parade in; revolutionary spirit in
Barea, Arturo; background of; in Barcelona; death of; in England; escape from Spain of; first marriage of, see Barea, Aurelia; Madrid foreign press censorship post of; and outbreak of Civil War; in Paris; in Playa de San Juan; in United States; Unknown Voice of Madrid radio broadcasts by; in Valencia; works of: The Broken Root; The Clash; The Forge; The Forging of a Rebel; Struggle for the Spanish Soul; Valor y miedo; The Track
Barea, Aurelia (first wife)
Barea, Ilsa Kulscar (second wife), see Kulscar, Ilsa
Barea, Miguel
Barker, George
Barnes, Margaret Ayer
Basque country; Nationalist offensive in; refugees from
Bauhaus architecture
BBC (British Broadcasting Company)
Beach, Sylvia
Bebb, Cecil
Beevor, Antony
Belchite, Battle of
Belgium; International Brigade volunteers from
Bell, Julian
Benes, Eduard
Benet, James
Benimamet
Bennett, Joan
Berengaria (steamship)
Bergamín, José
Bergman, Ingrid
Beria, Lavrenti
Berlin
Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung
Berzin, General Jan
Besnyö, Eva
Bessie, Alvah
Bethune, Norman
Biarritz
Bilbao; Battle of
Bimini
Bishop, John Peale
BIZ
Black Arrows
Black Flames
Black Shirts
Black Star agency
Blair, Eric, see Orwell, George
Blitzstein, Marc; The Cradle Will Rock
Blum, Léon
Boleslavskaya, “Bola”
Bolín, Luis
Bolsheviks
Borkenau, Franz
Bosshard, Walter
Bourke-White, Margaret
Bowers, Claude
Boyer, Charles
Brandt, Willy (Herbert Frahm)
Brassaï
Brecht, Bertholt
Brenan, Gerald
Breughel, Pieter, Fall of Icarus
Brihuega
Brinton, Henry
Britain; Arturo and Ilsa Barea in; Communist Party of; evacuation of children in war zones to; in Great War; International Brigade volunteers from; MI5; nonintervention policy of; pacification policy toward Hitler of; in World War II; see also London
Brno
Brooks, Van Wyck
Browder, Earl
Bruce, Toby
Brunete; Battle of
Brunhoff, Cosette de
Brunner, Otto
Brussels
Buckley, Henry
Budapest
Budberg, Moura
Bukharin, Nikolai
Bullitt,
William
Cachin, Marcel
Cadiz
Calvo Sotelo, José
Campbell, Alan
Canada
Canary Islands
Capa, Robert (Endre Erno [André] Friedmann); arrival in Spain of; in Barcelona; in Bilbao; in Cartagena; in China; at Córdoba front; death of; Death in the Making; “Falling Soldier” photograph by; family of; at Guadarrama; Gerda Taro photographed by; and Gerda Taro’s death; in Madrid; and Málaga refugees; “Mexican Suitcase” collection of photographs by; in Paris; at Segovia front; self-reinvention of; at Spanish refugee camps in France; at Teruel; in United States; in Valencia; Verdun battlefield visited by,; during World War II
Caporetto, Battle of
Carney, William P.
Cartagena
Cartier-Bresson, Henri
Casares Quiroga, Santiago
Castellón
Castillo, José de
Castro Delgado, Enrique
Catalonia; Generalitat of
Catholics; CEDA party supported by; reconquest of Spain by; Loyalist
CBS (Columbia Broadcasting Service)
CEDA (Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas)
Centelles, Agustí
Cerf, Ruth
Cerro Muriano
Ce Soir
Ceuta (Morocco)
CGT (Confédération Général des Travailleurs)
Chamberlain, Neville
Chamson, André
Chapaiev Battalion
Chardack, Willi
Charles Scribner’s Sons publishing company, see Scribner’s publishing company
Chevalier, Maurice
Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek, Madame
Chicago
Chicago Tribune
China; Japanese invasion of
Chodorov, Jerome
Chou En-lai
Chrost, Antoni
Cimorra, Clemente
Civil Guard, see Guardia Civil
Clerical Workers’ Battalion
CNT (Confederación Nacional de Trabajo)
Cockburn, Claud
Colebaugh, Charles
Colette
Collier’s magazine
Columbia (Mississippi)
Comintern
Communists; American; anti-Stalinist, see POUM; Austrian; British; Chinese; Dutch; French; German; Hungarian; Italian; Russian (see also Soviet Union); Spanish (see also Partido Comunista de España); Yugoslav
Companys, Luís
Condor Legion
Connelly, Marc
Connolly, Cyril
Contemporary Historians, Inc.
Contreras, Commandante Carlos (Vittorio Vidali)
Cooper, Gary
Copic, Colonel Vladimir
Córdoba; front at
Corman, Mathieu
Cornford, John
Cortes (Spanish parliament)
Cosmopolitan magazine
Coughlin, Father
Coulondre, Robert
Covici, Pascal (Pat)
Cowles, Virginia (Ginny)
Cowley, Malcolm
Crawford, Joan
Crédit Lyonnais
Croix de Feu
Cruz, Juanita
Cuba; see also Havana
Czechoslovakia; German annexation of Sudetenland in
Czigany, Taci
Dachau concentration camp
Dagens Nyheter
Daily Express
Daily Telegraph
Daily Worker
Daladier, Édouard
Dame, Die
Daniel, Léon
David, Gwenda
Davie, Donald
Delaprée, Louis
Delbos, Yvon
Delmer, Sefton (Tom); at Teruel; typewriter given to Barea by
Dephot photo agency
Depression
De Silver, Margaret
Detro, Phil
Deutsch, Julius
Deutsch, Kati
Deutsche Zentral Zeitung
Díaz, José
Diaz Evans, Hernando (Whitey)
Dickens, Charles
Dietrich, Marlene
Dolfuss, Engelbert
Dombrovsky Battalion
Donne, John
Doran, Dave
Doriot, Jacques
Dos Passos, John; Hemingway’s antagonism toward; and Spanish film project; Spanish translator of, see Robles Pazos, José; works of: The Big Money; 42nd Parallel; “Interlude in Spain”; Manhattan Transfer; 1919; The Theme Is Freedom; U.S.A. trilogy
Dos Passos, Katharine (Katy) Smith
Dresden
Drieu de la Rochelle, Pierre
Duchamp, Marcel
Durán, Lieutenant Colonel Gustavo
Duranty, Walter
Durruti, Buenaventura
East Germany, Politburo of
Eastman, Max
Ebro, Battle of the
Echo de Paris, L’
Edward VIII, King of England
Efimov, Boris
Ehrenburg, Ilya
Einheit (magazine)
Eisenstadt, Alfred
Eisenstein, Sergei
Eisler, Hanns
Eisner, Maria
Eitingon, Leonid (a.k.a. Kotov)
Ejercito Popular (Popular Army), see Republican Army
Eldridge, Florence
Eliot, T. S.
England, see Britain
Ernst, Morris
Escuadrilla España
Escuela Pía
España Republicana
Espejo
Esquire magazine
Extremadura
Faber and Faber
FAI (Federación Anarquista Ibérica)
Falangists; see also Nationalists
Faulkner, William, As I Lay Dying
Fausto
Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
Feigenberg, Yevgenya
Ferdinand, King of Spain
Ferno, John (Fernhout); combat footage filmed by; in Madrid; Sino-Japanese War film project of
Figaro, Le
Finland
Fischer, Louis
Fitzgerald, F. Scott
Flanders
Flynn, Errol
Forbes, Arthur
Forbes-Robertson, Diana (Dinah)
Ford, John
Foreign Legion
Forrest, William
Fortune magazine
47 magazine
Four Hundred Million, The (film)
France; border of Spain and; flights between Spain and; in Great War; International Brigade volunteers from; loss of buffer between Germany and, see Rhineland, German occupation of; nonintervention policy of; pacification of Hitler by; in World War II; see also Paris
Franco Bahamonde, General Francisco; Army of Africa (Moors) of; attempts at negotiation with; Fifth Column supporters of; heads to Spain from Canary Islands via Morocco; Trotskyists accused of working for; see also Nationalists
Franklin, Sidney
Freud, Sigmund
Freund, Gisele
Friedmann, Deszö
Friedmann, Endre (André Friedman), see Capa, Robert
Friedmann, Julia
Friedmann, Kornel (Cornell Capa)
Friends of Spanish Democracy
Fuentidueña de Tajo
Gaitskell, Hugh
Gallagher, O’Dowd
Garabitas
Gardiner, Muriel
Garibaldi Battalion
García Lorca, Federico
Garzón Real, Baltasar
Gavin, General James
Gazette du bon ton, La
Gellhorn, Alessandro (Sandy; Martha Gellhorn’s adopted son)
Gellhorn, Alfred (Martha Gellhorn’s brother)
Gellhorn, Edna (Martha Gellhorn’s mother)
Gellhorn, Martha; in Barcelona; correspondence of Hemingway and; in Czechoslovakia; fictional character based on; in Germany; in Key West; in London; in Madrid; marriage of Hemingway and;
in New York; in Paris; and The Spanish Earth; United States speaking tour of; in Valencia; works of: “Exile”; The Face of War; “Justice at Night”; A Stricken Field; The Trouble I’ve Seen; What Mad Pursuit
Geneva
Géraud, André (Pertinax)
Germany; Austria annexed by; Basque country bombed by air force of; in Great War; International Brigade volunteers from; Nationalists aided by; Nazi rise to power in, see Nazis; occupation of Rhineland by; Sudetenland annexed by; in World War II
Gestapo
Getafe, massacre of children at
Giacometti, Alberto
Gibraltar
Gide, André; Retour de l’U.R.S.S.
Gijón
Gingrich, Arnold
Giovine Italia, La
Giral, José
Glaser, Benjamin F.
Goering, Colonel Hermann
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von
Goldin, Irene
Gonzales, Emilio
Gordon, George
Gorev, General Vladimir
Gorky, Maxim
Gorrell, Hank
Goya, Francisco de
GPU (Soviet State Political Directorate)
Great War
Grover, Allen
GRU; see also Gorev, Vladimir
Guadalajara; Battle of
Guadarrama, Sierra de
Guardia Civil
Guernica
Guerrero, El
Gunther, John; Inside Europe
Gurewitsch, David
Hager, Kurt (Felix Albin)
Haldane, J. B. S.
Hammett, Dashiell
Hammond, Jemison McBride
Hankow
Hannibal
Hans Beimler Battalion
Hatt, John
Havana
Havas
Hawkins, Ruth
Hayes, Helen
Hayes, Patrick Cardinal
Hearst newspapers
Heilbrun, Ailmuth
Heilbrun, Werner
Hellman, Lillian; Days to Come
Hemingway, Ernest; in Barcelona; correspondence of Martha Gellhorn and; at Ebro front; at Fuentidueña; in Great War; in Havana; in Hollywood; in Key West; at L Bar T Ranch; in Madrid; marriage of Martha Gellhorn and; in New York; in Paris; suicide of; at Teruel; in Valencia; at White House screening of The Spanish Earth; works of: “Big Two-Hearted River”; A Death in the Afternoon; “The Denunciation”; A Farewell to Arms; The Fifth Column; The Fifth Column and the First Forty-nine Stories; For Whom the Bell Tolls; The Green Hills of Africa; “Horns of the Bull”; The Old Man and the Sea; “The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber”; “The Snows of Kilimanjaro”; The Sun Also Rises; To Have and Have Not; “Up in Michigan”; Winner Take Nothing
Hotel Florida: Truth, Love, and Death in the Spanish Civil War Page 55
