presidential candidacy of, 323-6, 331, 413, 468, 512, 555
as Senator, 313, 323, 339
Kennedy, Joseph Patrick, 59, 89, 160, 309-10, 311, 312, 324
Kennedy, Joseph Patrick, Jr., 310, 311
Kennedy, Patrick, 309
Kennedy, Patrick Joseph, 309-10
Kennedy, Robert F., 251, 461, 530, 593, 678
assassination of, 414, 460
and civil rights issue, 360, 362-3, 365-6, 369-70, 374
in Cuban missile crisis, 334-5
Johnson and, 325, 402, 413
as presidential candidate, 412-13, 414, 426
and programs for the poor, 566, 569
Kennedy, Rose Fitzgerald, 309, 312
Kennedy Administration, 389
Kennedy family, 309
Kent, Rockwell, 134
Kent State University tragedy, 425
Kenyon, Dorothy, 440
Kerouac, Jack, 394
Kerr, Clark, 396-7
Kesey, Ken, 430
Kevles, Daniel J., 549
Key, V. O., Jr., 354, 593
Keynes, John Maynard, 130, 131, 561, 677
Keynesianism, 102, 103, 130, 561-2, 570-1
wartime, 215, 561
Keyserling, Leon, 287
Khrushchev, Nikita, 241, 259-62, 265-6, 288, 335-6, 340, 362
on capitalism, 301-2
in Cuban missile crisis, 333-5
at Vienna summit, 332-3, 335
visit to US, 260-1, 301-2
Kilpatrick, James J., 627
Kilrain, Jack, 307
Kim Il Sung, 240-1
King, Coretta Scott, 326, 350, 359, 360, 367, 372
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 349-52, 356, 357-8, 362-4, 366-9, 375, 381, 382-4, 461-2, 571, 593, 661, 672, 678
assassination of, 413, 414, 460
intellectual acumen of, 350, 461, 571
jailing of, 326, 359, 364, 367-8, 382
Kennedy brothers and, 326, 360, 363
“Letter from Birmingham Jail,” 367-8
1963 Washington Freedom Rally, 371-2
and Peace Movement, 401, 407, 409
King, Martin Luther, Sr., 350, 360
King, Mary, 442
Kingston Frio, 428
Kinsey, Alfred, 436, 533-4
Kirk, Grayson, 413-14
Kirkendall, Richard, 238
Kissinger, Henry, 417-18, 422, 424, 468, 470-7, 479-87, 492-4, 523
and China, 470-5, 625
and Russia, 476-7, 485-7
in Vietnam peace talks, 480-4
Klehr, Harvey, 85
Klein, Joe, 142
Kleindienst, Richard, 501, 505
Knights of Labor, 45
Knopf, Alfred A., 593
Knowland newspapers, 46
Knox, Frank, 83, 163, 169, 175
Knudsen, William, 98, 575
Kobler, John, 284
Koch, Edward, 635
Koestler, Arthur, 277, 295
Kopkind, Andrew, 432
Koppes, Clayton R., 578
Korea, 240-1
see also North Korea; South Korea
Korean War, 241-3, 247, 250, 255, 418, 497, 527
as consequence of mutual US-Soviet misperceptions, 241-2, 254, 260, 262
Kostelanetz, Richard, 616-17
Kosygin, Aleksei, 477
Kramer, Hilton, 622
Kristol, Irving, 628
Kuchel, Thomas H., 376
Ku Klux Klan, 45, 353, 354, 361, 367, 369, 384, 386
Kunstler, William, 520
labor, 27, 33, 45-57, 96-100, 165, 213, 637
and antiwar movement, 408
on the assembly line, 271-2
and automation, 273, 274
and civil rights movement, 371, 377
Fair Deal measures for, 236
cool to left radicalism, 52-3
labor-liberal-left coalition, 118-20, 390, 399, 462, 632
participation in management, 565, 578
Southern California, 50, 603
as special interest group, 107
wartime, 184, 186-9, 453
women, 188, 453, 457
see also farm labor; strikes; unions Ladd, Everett Carll, 657
Ladies’ Home Journal, 447
La Follette, Philip, 68, 111, 114
La Follette, Robert, Sr., 14, 46, 68, 236, 416, 656
La Follette, Robert, Jr., 14, 68, 73, 94, 108, 117, 244
Laird, Melvin, 467
laissez-faire, 42, 560-1
Landon, Alfred M., 83, 84-5, 119, 126, 165
Langdon, Samuel, 532
Laning, Edward, 133
Laos, 342, 343, 418
Larson, Sheila, 599
Lasch, Christopher, 599
Lash, Joseph P., 9
Lasswell, Harold D., 7, 593
Latin America, 265, 328-32
Alliance for Progress, 328, 331, 336
poverty in, 303-4, 329, 330, 336
US interventionism in, 328, 330-2, 524
see also Central America; Monroe Doctrine
Lawrence, David, 107
leadership:
decline, 660-3, 671-2, 680-1
group-oriented participatory, in
movement politics, 358, 384, 395-6, 443-4, 455-6
see also intellectual leadership; moral leadership
League for Industrial Democracy, 392, 408
League of Nations, 10, 150, 152, 157, 170, 490, 545
League of Universal Brotherhood, 536
League of Women Voters, 433, 438, 659
Leahy, Adm. William, 206, 208
Leavitt, Helen, 573
Lebanon, 255, 525
Lee, Herbert, 380
Leff, Mark, 77
left wing, 51-4, 122-3, 408-9, 625-6, 628-32, 661-2
in elections: 1936, 84-5; 1972, 460-2
FDR and, 41, 42, 45, 70, 74, 117-18, 120
intellectuals, 394, 409, 462, 565, 625, 629-32
labor-liberal-left coalition, 118-20, 390, 399, 462, 632
see also liberalism; New Left; socialism
LeHand, “Missy,” 3
Lehman, Herbert, 21, 111, 287
Lekachman, Robert, 561
LeMay, Curtis E., 415
Lemke, William, 84, 85, 87
Lend-Lease program, 168-9, 496, 555
Lenin, Vladimir I., 51-2, 221, 565, 642
Leninism, Third World, 305, 336, 343, 421
Lennon, John, 432
Leo XIII, Pope, 57
Leonard, “Sugar Ray,” 609
Lerner, Max, 265, 269, 279, 282, 408, 533-4, 627
lesbianism, 450-1
Lessing, Doris, 454
Leuchtenburg, William E., 213
Levine, Meldon E., 532
Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 624
Lewis, John (SNCC organizer), 361, 371
Lewis, John L. (labor leader), 33, 46, 55-6, 82, 107, 165, 187-8, 191, 661
and sit-down strikes of 1930s, 97-100
Lewis, Oscar, 569
Lewis, Sinclair, 137, 297
liberalism, liberals, 347, 371, 390, 408, 454, 625-6, 629-32, 652
accomplishments of, 629-30
coalitions across party lines, 70, 109
definition of freedom by, 666, 672
Democrats, 13, 15, 64, 73-4, 87, 109, 118-19, 319, 320, 322, 324, 326, 359, 389-90, 414, 466, 625, 629-30, 661-2; FDR, 5, 10, 13, 45, 73, 77-8, 111, 118-20; JFK, 374; in 1972 election, 460-2
divisions of 1980s among, 630-1
economic (Keynesian), 562
exhaustion of agenda of, 626, 630-2
intellectual weaknesses of, 120-4, 461-2, 531, 630, 679-80
labor-liberal-left coalition, 118-20, 390, 399, 462, 632
of Niebuhr, 293-4
Republicans, 70, 87, 109, 119, 466, 636
views on crime, 516, 519
liberation movements, 305, 342-4, 527
libertarianism, 88, 534, 627-9, 667, 671
liberty, individual, 88, 120-4, 131, 231, 266-7, 275, 296, 393, 6
35, 665-7
and equality, 125, 267, 637, 679-80; as competing values, 631, 679
feminist definitions of, 454
positive vs. negative, 121, 124, 666-7
right-wing definition of, 42, 123, 667, 672
Western tradition and sources of, 539-40
see also freedom; individualism
Liberty ships, 183-4
Libya, 574
Lichtenstein, Roy, 621
Liddy, G. Gordon, 500-1, 513
Life magazine, 276, 284, 427, 441, 579, 614
Lilienthal, David, 593
Lincoln, Abraham, 33, 87, 88, 196, 212, 213, 218, 251, 337, 348, 657, 666
shadow of, in civil rights struggle, 358, 371, 374, 376
Lindbergh, Charles A., 160, 165, 169
Lin Piao, 405, 475
Lippmann, Walter, 12, 19, 55, 123, 131, 190, 205, 283, 288-90, 291, 294, 593
and FDR, 20-1, 41
internationalism of, 165
and Johnson, 407, 412
on Nixon, 417
and Truman Doctrine, 234, 289
writings, 289-90
Lipsky, Richard, 610
Literary Digest, 55
literature, 141-6, 296-301, 615-20, 624
see also writers, writing
Little Rock, Ark., 322, 352
Litvinov, Maxim, 159, 178
Liuzzo, Viola, 384
Living Newspaper, FTP, 137
Livingston, Mary, 193-4
Lloyd George, David, 90
Lockheed bailout, 578
Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 236, 246, 248
defeat by Kennedy, 312-13
Loeb, William, Jr., 377
Logsdon, John M., 585, 586
Lombard, Carole, 166
London:
Council of Foreign Ministers meetings, 226
Economic Conference (1933), 35-6, 153
Polish exile government, 206-7, 224
Lonely Crowd, The (Riesman), 279-80
Long, Breckinridge, 90
Long, Huey, 15-16, 20, 59-63, 70, 73, 78, 80, 84, 319
Long, Russell, 319
Longworth, Alice Roosevelt, 251
Look magazine, 284, 454, 614
Lorde, Audre, 451, 453
Lorre, Peter, 194
Los Angeles, 602-3, 608
race riots: 1943, 189; 1965 (Watts), 397-8
Los Angeles Times, 398, 602, 608, 612
Lou, Trent, 657
Louis, Joe, 609
Lowell, Robert, 409
Lowndes County Freedom Organization, 386
loyalty program, 230-1, 239
Lubin, Isador, 287
Lublin government, 206-7
Luce, Clare Boothe, 243
Luce, Henry, 165, 276-7, 284, 593
Luce magazines, 243, 276, 284, 563
Lukas, J. Anthony, 500, 506
Luker, Kristin, 448
lunch counter sit-ins, 356-7, 366
Luther, Martin, 600
Lynd, Staughton, 407
Lyttle, Bradford, 391-2
McAdoo, William G., 11-12
McAlister, Elizabeth, 537
MacArthur, Douglas, 16, 203
in Korea, 241-2, 243
in World War II, 176, 198, 201, 205, 206, 225
McCarthy, Eugene, 412, 414, 530
McCarthy, Joseph R., 230, 244-6, 249-50, 251-3, 258, 296, 313
McCarthyism, 246, 296, 301, 313, 324, 391, 393, 395, 549
McCloy, John, 412
Maccoby, Michael, 550, 671
McCord, James, 500-1
McCormack, John, 389
McCormick, Robert R., 31, 154, 165
MacDonald, Allan J., 583
Macdonald, Cynthia, 618
McDonald, David J., 287
MacDonald, Ramsay, 36
Macdonald, Stuart, 543
MacDougall, Curtis, 283
MacDougall, Malcolm, 613
McElvaine, Robert, 660
McGill, Ralph, 353
McGovern, George, 415, 458, 461, 479, 481-2, 511, 530, 557
McGrory, Mary, 373
machine tool industry, 268
McKinley, William, 374
MacKinnon, Catherine, 535
McKissick, Floyd, 387
MacLeish, Archibald, 193, 289
McMahon, Audrey, 135
McNamara, Robert, 333, 343, 403, 408, 409, 410, 411, 425-6, 573, 577
McNary-Haugen bill (1927), 16, 64
McPherson, Aimee Semple, 603
McReynolds, James C, 72, 89, 92
McWilliams, Carey, 602
Madison, James, 633, 634, 646, 648
magazines, 284, 612, 614-15
black culture and politics, 399
feminist, 447
Magruder, Jeb Stuart, 500-1, 503, 510, 512-13
Mailer, Norman, 297, 300, 409, 617-18, 620
majority rule, 42, 88
Malamud, Bernard, 620
Malcolm X, 385-6, 388, 398, 399, 462
Malraux, André, 277
Manchester, William, 413
Manchester Union leader, 377
Manchuria, 170, 208, 225, 226, 240, 470
Manion, Clarence, 627
Mann, Thomas, 605
Mannheim, Karl, 275
Mansfield, Mike, 291, 389
Mantle, Burns, 136
Mao Tse-tung, 240, 241, 260, 337, 405, 454, 469, 470, 472, 473-4
Marcuse, Herbert, 275-6, 281, 599
Markham, Edwin, 304
Marlowe, Christopher, 132
Marsh, Reginald, 133, 138
Marshall, George C., 233, 240, 249-50, 593
Army Chief of Staff, 174, 178, 180, 206
Marshall, John, 88, 646, 651-2
Marshall Plan, 233, 235, 239, 265, 283, 295, 347, 496, 555
Marx, Groucho, 310
Marx, Karl, 269, 274, 275, 281, 350, 461, 564-5, 567
Marxism, 221, 277, 296, 454, 564-5, 616, 631
New Left, 409, 421
Niebuhr and, 292-3
Third World, 305, 336, 341, 343, 419
view of capitalism not valid for US, 48
Maslow, Abraham, 436, 455
Mass Culture, 622, 624
massive retaliation, policy of, 254, 286
materialism, 274, 275, 350, 431
New Left rejection of, 393
Mattachine Society, 450
Matthews, J. B., 252
Mauldin, Bill, 195
Maurois, André, 298
Maverick, Maury, 110-11
Maxwell, James Clerk, 542, 547
Mayer, Louis B., 605
May-Johnson bill, 548, 549
Mazlish, Bruce, 466
Medea, Andrea, 449
media, 281-5, 611-15, 646
coverage of feminists by, 441, 446
in election campaigns, 312, 324, 613
manipulation of, 246
Nixon and, 472-3, 495, 510-11
presidential use of, 495
as talent drain, 615
see also magazines; newspapers; press; radio; television
Medicare, 389
medicine, 541, 543
Mediterranean, World War II in, 196-8
Meese, Edwin, III, 654
Melville, Herman, 299, 673-4
Mencken, Henry L., 12, 17, 60, 99, 145
Mendel, Gregor, 269
Mendès-France, Pierre, 405
Menjou, Adolphe, 231
Mercer, Lucy, 9, 212
Mercury, Project, 579-81, 582
Meredith, James, 365, 370, 386-7, 398, 400
Merelman, Richard M., 597, 599
Merriam, Frank, 69
Merton, Robert K., 275
Mesta, Perle, 251
Methodist churches, 355, 594
Mexican-Americans, 306
Mexican American Women’s Association, 452
Mexico, 329-30
Meyer, Frank S., 627
middle class, 57, 278-9, 286
black, 314, 316
women, 436, 453, 459
Mi
ddle East, 265, 486-8, 526-7
Carter policy and Camp David, 525-6
Eisenhower policy, 255, 257
Six-Day War (1967), 486
Soviet policy, 265, 284-7, 488, 526-7
Yom Kippur War (1973), 487
Midway, battle of, 179-80, 182
migrant farm workers, 40, 49, 81, 141, 269, 315
migration, of poor peoples, 305-6
US blacks, 315, 385
military-industrial complex warning, 262
Mill, John Stuart, 600
Miller, Arthur, 297, 300-1, 624
Miller, David, 408
Miller, Jim, 421
Millet, Jean François, 304
Millett, Kate, 444-5, 450, 456
Mills, C. Wright, 394
Minimalism, 621, 623
minimum wage, 107, 559, 570, 639
state laws, 95
for women, 82
mining industry, 187-8, 264
Minneapolis, 1934
strike, 47-8
minority rights, 88
Miranda doctrine, 654
Miss America Pageant, 445-6
“missile gap,” 333-4
missiles, ballistic, 264, 334, 478, 529, 537
ICBMs, 259, 335, 478, 579
Mississippi, civil rights struggle in, 365
black voter registration, 378-80, 382
Freedom Democratic Party (1964), 380-2
“Freedom Summer,” 380, 384, 395
Mitchell, John, 479, 500-1, 513
Mitsuo, Fuchida, 174
Modernism, 623
“Mohawk Valley formula,” 100
Moley, Raymond, 13, 14, 17, 28, 35-6, 64, 74, 83, 110, 154
Molotov, Vyacheslav, 159, 206, 208, 211, 226, 260, 405
Mondale, Walter, 641
Mondrian, Piet, 621
monetarism, 562, 564
monetary policy, 35, 36, 72, 555
Monroe Doctrine, 150, 154, 172, 332
Montgomery bus boycott, 348-52
Montgomery Improvement Association, 350-1
Monthly Review, 564
Montoya, Joseph, 503-4
Moody, Anne, 372
moon landings, Apollo program, 581-2, 584-5
moral leadership, 293-4, 512, 522, 672
of FDR, 323-4, 648; exception, 218-19
JFK’s development of, 360, 374-5
Moral Majority, 627-8
Moreno, Luisa, 603
Morgan, Robin, 446
Morgan family and capitalism, 39-40, 60, 155
Morgenthau, Hans, 287, 288, 291-2, 294, 402, 499, 547-8, 551
Morgenthau, Henry, 28, 36, 45, 72, 101-2, 104, 112, 114, 133, 191, 214, 216, 219
internment of Japanese, 190
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