Hazlitt, William Carew, The History of the Origin and Rise of the Republic of Venice, 2 vols, London, 1858
Heyd, W., Histoire du commerce du Levant au Moyen-Age, 2 vols, Leipzig, 1936
Hodgkinson, Harry, The Adriatic Sea, London, 1955
Hodgson, F. C., The Early History of Venice: from the Foundation to the Conquest of Constantinople, London, 1901
—, Venice in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth centuries, 1204–1400, London, 1910
Horrox, R., The Black Death, Manchester, 1994
Howard, Deborah, The Architectural History of Venice, New Haven, 2002
—, Venice and the East, London, 2000
—, ‘Venice as a Dolphin: Further Investigation into Jacopo de’ Barbari’s View’, Artibus et Historiae, vol. 35, 1997
Imber, Colin, The Ottoman Empire 1300–1600: the Structure of Power, Basingstoke, 2002
Karpov, Sergei P., ‘Génois et Byzantins face à la crise de Tana 1343, d’après les documents d’archives inédits’, Byzantinische Forschungen, vol. 22, 1996
—, La navigazione veneziana nel Mar Nero XIII–XV secoli, Ravenna, 2000
—, ‘Venezia e Genova: rivalita e collaborazione a Trebisonda e Tana. Secoli XIII–XV’, Genova, Venezia, il Levante nei secoli XII–XIV, ed. Gherardo Ortali and Dino Puncuk, Venice, 2001
Katele, Irene B., ‘Piracy and the Venetian State: the Dilemma of Maritime Defense in the Fourteenth Century’, Speculum, vol. 63, no. 4, 1988
Keay, John, The Spice Trade, London, 2006
Kedar, Benjamin, Merchants in Crisis: Genoese and Venetian Men of Affairs and the Fourteenth-century Depression, New Haven, 1976
King, Charles, The Black Sea: A History, Oxford, 2005
Krekic, B., ‘Venezia e l’Adriatico’, in Storia di Venezia, vol. 3, Rome, 1997
Lamma, P., ‘Venezia nel giudizio delle fonti Bizantine dal X al XII secolo’, Rivista Storica Italiana, vol. 74, 1960
Lane, Frederic C., Andrea Barbarigo, Merchant of Venice 1418–1449, Baltimore, 1944
—, ‘Naval Actions and Fleet Organization, 1499–1502’, Renaissance Venice, ed. J. R. Hale, London, 1973
—, Venetian Ships and Shipbuilders of the Renaissance, Baltimore, 1934
—, Venice and History, Baltimore, 1966
—, Venice: A Maritime Republic, Baltimore, 1973
Lazzarini, Vittorio, ‘Aneddoti della vita di Vettor Pisani’, Archivio Veneto, series 5, 1945
Lock, Peter, The Franks in the Aegean: 1204–1500, London, 1995
Lunde, Paul, ‘The Coming of the Portuguese’, Saudi Aramco World, vol. 56, no. 4
—, ‘Monsoons, Mude and Gold’, Saudi Aramco World, vol. 56, no. 4
Luzzatto, G., Storia economica di Venezia dall’XI al XVI secolo, Venice, 1961
MacKay, Pierre A., ‘Notes on the sources. The Manuscript, Contemporary Sources, Maps and Views of Negroponte’, at http://angiolello.net, 2006
Mackintosh-Smith, Tim, Travels with a Tangerine, London, 2002
Madden, T., Enrico Dandolo and the Rise of Venice, Baltimore, 2003
—, ‘The Fires of the Fourth Crusade in Constantinople, 1203–1204: a Damage Assessment’, Byzantinische Zeitschrift 84/85, 1992
—, ‘Venice and Constantinople in 1171 and 1172: Enrico Dandolo’s Attitude towards Byzantium’, Mediterranean Historical Review, vol. 8, 1993
Madden, T. and Queller, Donald E., ‘Some Further Arguments in Defense of the Venetians on the Fourth Crusade’, Byzantion, vol. 62, 1992
Martin, Lillian Ray, The Art and Archaeology of Venetian Ships and Boats, London, 2001
Martin, Michael Edward, The Venetians in the Black Sea 1204–1453, PhD thesis, University of Birmingham, 1989
McKee, Sally, ‘The Revolt of St Tito in Fourteenth-century Venetian Crete: a Reassessment’, Mediterranean Historical Review, vol. 9, no. 2, Dec. 1994
—, Uncommon Dominion: Venetian Crete and the Myth of Ethnic Purity, Philadelphia, 2000
McNeill, William H., Venice: the Hinge of Europe, 1081–1797, Chicago, 1974
Meserve, Margaret, ‘News from Negroponte: Politics, Popular Opinion, and Information Exchange in the First Decade of the Italian Press’, Renaissance Quarterly, vol. 59, no. 2, Summer 2006
Miller, William, Essays on the Latin Orient, Cambridge, 1921
—, Latins in the Levant: a History of Frankish Greece: 1204–1566, Cambridge, 1908
Mollat, Michel, Braunstein, Philippe and Hocquet, Jean Claude, ‘Reflexions sur l’expansion Vénitienne en Méditerranée’, Venezia e il Levante fino al secolo XV, vol. 1, Florence, 1974
Morris, Jan, The Venetian Empire: A Sea Voyage, London, 1990
Muir, Edward, Civic Ritual in Renaissance Venice, Princeton, 1981
Nicol, Donald M., Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, Cambridge, 1992
Norwich, John Julius, Byzantium, vols 2 and 3, London, 1991 and 1995
—, A History of Venice, London, 1982
Nystazupoulou Pelekidis, Marie, ‘Venise et la Mer Noire du XIe au XVe siècle’, Venezia e il Levante fino al secolo XV, Florence, 1974
O’Connell, Monique, Men of Empire: Power and Negotiation in Venice’s Maritime State, Baltimore, 2009
Papacostea, S¸ erban, ‘Quod non iretur ad Tanam: un aspect fondamental de la politique génoise dans la Mer Noire au XIVe siècle’, Revue des études Sud-est Européennes, vol. 17, no. 2, 1979
Phillips, Jonathan, The Fourth Crusade and the Sack of Constantinople, London, 2004
Prawer, Joshua, The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem: European Colonialism in the Middle Ages, London, 1972
Prescott, H. F. M., Jerusalem Journey: Pilgrimage to the Holy Land in the Fifteenth Century, London, 1954
—, Once to Sinai: the Further Pilgrimage of Friar Felix Fabri, London, 1957
Quarta Crociata: Venezia, Bisanzio, Impero Latino, ed. Gherardo Ortalli, Giorgio Ravegnani and Peter Schreiner, Venice, 2004
Queller, Donald E., and Madden, Thomas F., The Fourth Crusade: the Conquest of Constantinople, Philadelphia, 1997
Romanin, S., Storia documentata di Venezia, 10 vols, Venice, 1912–21
Rose, Susan, ‘Venetians, Genoese and Turks: the Mediterranean 1300–1500’, at http://ottomanmilitary.devhub.com, 2010
Runciman, Steven, A History of the Crusades, 3 vols, London, 1990
Schlumberger, Gustave, La Prise de Saint-Jean-D’Acre en l’an 1291 par l’armée du Soudan d’Égypte, Paris, 1914
Setton, Kenneth M., The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), vol. 2, Philadelphia, 1978
—, ‘Saint George’s Head,’ Speculum, vol. 48, no. 1, 1973
Sorbelli, Albano, ‘La lotta tra Genova e Venezia per il dominio del Mediterraneo 1350–1355’, Memorie delle Reale Accademia della Scienza dell’Instituto di Bologna, series 1, vol. 5, Bologna, 1910–11
Spufford, Peter, Power and Profit: the Merchant in Medieval Europe, London, 2003
Stöckly, Doris, La Système de l’incanto des galéés du marché à Venise, Leiden, 1995
Storia di Venezia, 12 vols, Rome, 1991–7
Tadic, J., ‘Venezia e la costa orientale dell’Adriatico fino al secolo XV’, Venezia e il Levante fino al secolo XV, vol. 1
Tenenti, Alberto, ‘Il senso del mare’, Storia di Venezia, vol. 12, Rome, 1991
—, ‘Le temporali calamità’, in Storia di Venezia, vol. 3, Rome, 1997
—, ‘The Sense of Space and Time in the Venetian World of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries’, Renaissance Venice, ed. J. R. Hale, London, 1973
—, ‘Venezia e la pirateria nel Levante: 1300–1460’, Venezia e il Levante fino al secolo XV, vol. 1
Thiriet, F., La Romanie vénitienne au moyen age, Paris, 1959
—, ‘Venise et l’occupation de Ténédos au XIVe siècle’, Mélanges d’archéologie et d’histoire, vol. 65, no. 1, 1953
Thubron, Colin, The Seafarers: Venetians, London, 2004
Tucci, Ugo, ‘La spedizione marittima’, Venezia, Bisanzio, Impero Latino, ed. Gher
ardo Ortalli, Giorgio Ravegnani and Peter Schreiner, Venice, 2006
—, ‘Tra Venezia e mondo turco: i mercanti’, Venezia e i Turchi, Scontri e confronti di due civiltà, ed. Anna Della Valle, Milan, 1985
Venezia, centro di mediazione tra Oriente e Occidente, secoli XV–XVI: aspetti e problemi, 2 vols, ed. Hans-Georg Beck, Manoussos Manoussacas and Agostino Pertusi, Florence, 1977
Venezia e il Levante fino al secolo XV, 2 vols, ed. Agostino Pertusi, Florence, 1973–4
Venezia e I Turchi: Scontri e Confronti di Due Civilita, ed. A. Tenenti, Milan, 1985
Venice and the Islam World, 828–1797, ed. Stefano Carboni, New York, 2007
Verlinden, Charles, ‘Venezia e il commercio degli schiavi provenienti dalle coste orientali del Mediterraneo’, Venezia e il Levante fino al secolo XV, vol. 1
Wolff, Anne, ‘Merchants, Pilgrims, Naturalists: Alexandria through European Eyes from the Fourteenth to the Sixteenth Century’, Alexandria, Real and Imagined, ed. Anthony Hirst and Michael Silk, Aldershot, 2004
Zanon, Luigi Gigio, La galea veneziana, Venice, 2004
Acknowledgements
Many thanks to Julian Loose and the team at Faber, particularly Kate Ward, for taking so much trouble over this book and for ensuring such a handsome finished result, and to my agent, Andrew Lownie. I also had invaluable help along the way from Ron Morton and Jim Green who took the time to read and comment on the manuscript, whilst Stephen Scoffham handily pointed out that Malacca once had its hands on Venice’s throat. To Ron and Rita Morton a second thank you is due for having me to stay in Athens during a tour of the Stato da Mar – and to Jan, as ever, for assisting the book writing in so many different ways and with such good humour.
I am grateful to the following authors and publishers for permission to reproduce material included here: Dr Pierre A. MacKay for extracts from his translation of The Memoir of Giovan-Maria Angiolello which is published at www.angiolello.net; Brill for extracts from Contemporary Sources for the Fourth Crusade by Alfred J. Andrea, 2008.
Index
Acre: bailo, 1;
Church of St Mark, 1;
crusader port, 1, 2, 3;
fall (1291), 1, 2, 3, 4;
Fourth Crusade, 1;
siege (1291), 1;
spice market, 1;
trade goods, 1, 2, 3;
Venetian–Genoese conflict, 1, 2, 3
Adoldo, Nicolo, 1
Adrianople, 1, 2, 3
Adriatic Sea: Ascension Day ceremony, 1, 2;
Byzantine empire, 1;
Dalmatian coast, 1, 2;
Fourth Crusade, 1, 2, 3;
geography, 1;
map, 1;
Ottoman threat, 1, 2, 3, 4;
pirates, 1, 2, 3;
trade route, 1, 2, 3;
Treaty of Turin (1381), 1, 2;
Venetian dominance, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;
Venice’s position, 1;
winds and waves, 1, 2
Aegean Sea: Crete, 1, 2, 3;
Cyclades, 1, 2;
Orthodox Church, 1, 2;
Ottoman threat, 1, 2;
privateers, 1, 2;
trade route, 1, 2, 3;
Venetian dominance, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
agriculture, 1
Aleaumes of Clari, 1, 2
Aleppo, 1, 2, 3, 4
Alexander the Great, 1, 2
Alexandria: advice for voyage, 1;
architecture, 1;
body of St Mark, 1, 2;
decline, 1;
fondaci, 1, 2, 3;
Italian trade, 1, 2;
lighthouse, 1, 2;
port, 1;
prices, 1;
spice market, 1, 2;
trade route, 1, 2, 3, 4;
Venetian community, 1, 2, 3;
Venetian trade, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Alexius III Angelus, Emperor, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Alexius IV Angelus, Emperor:
agreements with crusaders, 1, 2, 3, 4;
appeal to crusaders, 1;
arrival at Constantinople, 1;
claim to throne, 1;
coronation as co-emperor, 1;
death, 1;
imprisonment, 1, 2;
journey to Constantinople, 1;
relationship with crusaders, 1;
relationship with father Isaac, 1, 2;
siege of Constantinople, 1
Alexius V Ducas (Murtzuphlus),
Emperor: coup, 1;
death, 1;
death of Alexius, 1;
defence of Constantinople, 1, 2, 3;
flight, 1;
leadership of antifaction, 1, 2;
negotiations with crusaders, 1;
ultimatum to crusaders, 1
Amalfi, 1, 2
Andrew of Durboise, 1
Andronicus I, Emperor, 1
Andronicus II Palaeologus, Emperor, 1
Andronicus IV Palaeologus, Emperor, 1
Andros, 1, 2, 3
Angiolello, Giovan-Maria, 1, 2, 3
Antonello (Sicilian), 1
Antonio of Candia, 1
Anzio, sea battle (1378), 1, 2
Apanomeriti, Giacomo, 1
Argos, 1, 2
Ascension Day, 1, 2, 3,
see also Senza
Al-Ashraf Khalil, Sultan, 1
Athens, 1, 2
Azov, Sea of, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Baghdad, 1, 2, 3, 4
Baldwin II, Emperor, 1
Baldwin of Flanders, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
banking, 1, 2, 3
Barbari, Jacopo de’, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Barbarigo family, 1
Barbaro, Giosafat, 1, 2
Barbaro, Nicolo, 1, 2
Barbo, Pantaleone, 1
Barozzi family, 1
Basilicata, Francesco, 1
Baybars, Sultan, 1
Bayezit, II, Sultan, 1, 2, 3, 4
Beirut: architecture 1;
Church of St Mark, 1;
fall, 1;
fondaci, 1;
spice market, 1;
trade route, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;
Venetian trade, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Bellini, Gentile, 1, 2
Bellini, Giovanni, 1
Bessarion, Cardinal, 1
Bianco, Toma, 1
Black Death, 1, 2, 3, 4
Black Sea: Black Death, 1;
Byzantine empire, 1;
Fourth Crusade, 1;
Genoese influence, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7;
Genoese presence, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;
geography, 1;
grain supplies, 1, 2, 3;
Mongols, 1, 2, 3, 4;
Ottoman advance, 1;
Ottoman empire, 1, 2, 3, 4;
slave trade, 1, 2, 3;
trade routes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8;
Venetian influence, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7;
Venetian presence, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Bon, Giovanni, 1
Boniface VIII, Pope, 1
Boniface of Montferrat:
agreement with Alexius, 1, 2;
arrival at Constantinople, 1;
arrival at Venice, 1;
candidate for throne, 1;
death, 1;
Fourth Crusade leadership, 1, 2;
offered throne, 1;
sale of Crete, 1
Bosnia, 1, 2, 3, 4
Bosphorus (see also Dardanelles, Gallipoli): conflict between Venice and Genoa, 1;
crusader fleet, 1, 2, 3, 4;
geography, 1;
naval battle (1352), 1;
Ottoman presence, 1, 2;
Venetian fleet, 1;
Venetian passage, 1, 2
Bragadino, commissioner, 1
Brazza, 1
Brenner Pass, 1
Brondolo, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Bruges:
architecture, 1;
trade route, 1, 2, 3;
Venetian community, 1, 2;
Venetian–Genoese conflict, 1;
woollen cloth trade, 1
Bucintoro,
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Buondelmonti (Florentine priest) 1
Burak Reis, 1, 2, 3
Butrinto, 1
Byzantine Empire:
decline 1, 2, 3;
division after Fourth Crusade, 1, 2, 3;
relationship with Venice, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Byzantium, see Constantinople
Cabral, Andrea, 1
Caffa:
destruction, 1;
Genoese settlement, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;
siege, 1;
Venetian ships seized, 1
Cairo:
architecture, 1, 2;
Fourth Crusade, 1, 2, 3;
Mamluk sultanate, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;
spies, 1;
trade routes, 1, 2, 3;
Venetian trade, 1, 2, 3
Calbo, Alvise, 1
Callergis, Giorgio (Cretan rebel 1368), 1
Callergis, Giorgio (Cretan rebel 1416), 1, 2
Callergis, Leo, 1
Callergis family, 1, 2, 3, 4
Canal, Cristoforo da, 1
City of Fortune Page 40
