The Great Silence: Britain from the Shadow of the First World War to the Dawn of the Jazz Age

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The Great Silence: Britain from the Shadow of the First World War to the Dawn of the Jazz Age Page 36

by Juliet Nicolson

Lord Richard in the Pantry (play), 158

  Louth, Lincolnshire: flood, 230

  Lowther, James William (later Viscount Ullswater), 170

  Lucille, Madame (couturier), 173

  Lumley, Herbert, 60

  Lusitania (ship), 84

  Luton: town hall burnt by ex-servicemen, 121

  Lutyens, Sir Edwin, 52, 109, 145, 263-5

  Lutyens, Revd William, 22

  Macarthur, Mary, 74

  McEvoy, Ambrose, 58, 106, 242

  Mackintosh, Captain Angus and Lady Maud (née Cavendish), 223

  Macmillan, Lady Dorothy (née Cavendish), 223, 228

  Macmillan, Harold (later 1st Earl of Stockton), 223, 228

  Maggs, Guardsman J., 62

  Magill, Ivan, 59

  make-up (cosmetics), 158–9, 178

  Manley, Sister, 135

  Mansfield, Katherine, 249

  Maria Feodorovna, Dowager Empress of Russia, 82

  Marie, Queen of Romania, 104

  Markham, Sir Charles, 231

  Markievicz, Constance, Countess, 75, 168

  Marlborough, HMS, 82

  marriage: and remarriage, 45–7

  Marshall, Albert (‘Smiler’), 22

  Mary, Princess, 15

  Mary, Queen: contributes to Sidcup hospital, 57;

  attends Hyde Park assembly of returned soldiers, 72;

  hair turns grey, 87;

  lifestyle, 87–8;

  and death of son John, 88–90;

  at court balls, 104;

  and Peace Parade, 110–11;

  at Balmoral, 120;

  dress, 162;

  welcomes Prince of Wales back from overseas tour, 162–3;

  at Macmillan wedding, 228;

  distress at ceremony of Unknown Warrior, 273

  Masefield, John, 255

  masks see faces

  Massine, Léonide, 216–17

  Massingham, H. J., 176

  Matisse, Henri, 216

  Means Test, 3

  Meaton, John, 68

  Melba, Dame Nellie, 103, 214–15

  Meller, Raquel, 236

  Melsom, Lieutenant Robert, 66

  Memoir Club, 258

  mental trauma: symptoms, 63–4;

  treatment, 65–7

  Meuse: US soldiers killed on Armistice Day, 27

  Meyrick, Kate, 160

  Michelin Tyre Company, 99

  Mills & Boon (publishers), 207

  Mills, Captain W B., 86

  Mitford family, 212

  Mitford, Nancy, 39, 212

  Mitford, Pamela, 212

  Mitford, Thomas (Tom), 38–9, 211–13

  Moate, Henry, 192-3

  Mond, Sir Alfred, 109, 264-5

  Moore, G. E., 111

  Morning Post, 263

  Morrell, Julian, 237

  Morrell, Lady Ottoline, 34, 137, 233-41, 249

  Morrell, Philip, 233–4

  Mosley, (Sir) Oswald, 35, 169

  motor-cars, 9, 196, 200

  Moule, Handley Carr Glyn, Bishop of Durham, 86

  Mountbatten, Lord Louis (later 1st Earl), 258

  movies see films

  Muir, Corporal Ward, 59

  Murphy, Revd Mr (of St Matthew’s, Bayswater), 144

  Murray, George, 160

  music, 8, 61, 151-2, 155

  music hall songs, 9

  Mussolini, Benito, 106

  Myers, C. S., 65

  Neale, Lucy, 209

  New York: anticipates war’s end, 30

  Newcastle upon Tyne: housing shortage, 80

  Newman’s (band), 227

  Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia, 82

  Nicholson, Nancy (Mrs Robert Graves), 172-3, 256

  Nicolson, Ben, 250

  Nicolson, Sir Harold: at war’s end, 29;

  and Versailles Treaty, 106-8, 116;

  and wife Vita’s affair with Violet Trefusis, 250

  Nicolson, Nigel, 250

  night clubs, 153, 156-7

  Nijinsky, Vaslav, 216

  Noakes, George, 132

  Noakes, Tom, 49, 176

  Nodes (undertaker), 267

  Northcliffe, Alfred Harmsworth, Viscount, 254

  Novello, Ivor, 45, 152

  occult: belief in, 97–8

  Onions, Maude, 12, 26–7, 33, 42, 93

  opera: revival, 103–4

  Original Dixieland Jazz Band, 155–7, 251

  Orlando, Vittorio, 107

  Orpen, Sir William, 242, 252

  Osborne, E. P., 67

  Otford, Kent, 22

  Ovaltine, 177

  Owen, Susan and Tom, 32

  Owen, Wilfred, 16, 32, 66-7, 220;

  ‘Dulce et Decorum Est’ (poem), 18

  Oxford University: women undergraduates, 8, 254–5

  Oxo, 94

  Pall Mall Gazette, 163

  Palmer, Herbert Alfred, 62

  Pals Battalions, 14

  Pankhurst, Christabel, 74

  Parade (ballet), 217

  Paris: on Armistice Day 1918, 28;

  Peace Conference and Treaty (1919), 85, 106, 115

  Parish, Ethel, 92

  Parish, Pam, 49-51, 124, 143, 213

  Parish, Stella, 124

  Parliament: women in, 167–71

  patriotism, 17

  Paxton, Sir Joseph, 224–5

  Peace Parade, 108–11, 121–2

  Peacehaven, Sussex, 81

  Peelings (house), Pevensey, Sussex, 222–3

  Pelmanism, 98

  Pembroke, Reginald Herbert, 15th Earl of, 251

  Pershing, General John Joseph, 27

  Petty-Fitzmaurice, Charles, 45

  Petty-Fitzmaurice, Henry, 46

  Picasso, Pablo, 216-18

  Pickford, Mary, 228

  Ping Yoo, Ada Song, 134

  plastic surgery, 55-61

  Pleasley near, Bolsover, 226

  Poiret, Paul, 173, 175

  police: strikes, 79, 130

  Poplar: life in, 122

  Portland, William Cavendish-Bentinck, 6th Duke of, 157, 159

  Portland, Winifred, Duchess of, 175

  poverty: prevalence, 3

  Pratt, Herman, 84

  Pridham, First Lieutenant Sir Francis, 82

  promiscuity, 160–1

  prostitutes: in Great War, 23–4;

  increase, 160-1

  Proust, Marcel, 107

  Punch (magazine), 159, 191

  Pyddoke, Revd Mr (of Pleasley), 226

  race relations, 129, 131

  Rafter, Eileen, 207-8

  Ragas, Harry, 155

  ragtime (dance music), 155

  Railton, Revd David, 266, 270

  rationing: reduced and abolished, 102

  Rawlinson, General Sir Henry, 14

  Rector’s (club), 153

  Reeves Smith, Sir George (Savoy Hotel manager), 186

  Reid, Hilda, 260

  remembrance, act of (two-minutes’ silence), 140-7, 272

  Renton, John, 46

  Representation of the People Act (1918), 74

  Restoration of Pre-War Practices Act (1919), 188

  Reynolds, Harry, 62

  Richardson, Private John, 42

  Richardson, Philip, 154

  Riddell, George Allardice, Baron, 254

  Ripon, Constance Gladys, Marchioness of, 103, 152

  Rivers, Dr William, 66-7, 245

  Roberts, Mrs Robert, 161, 249

  Roberts, Robert, 161, 171

  Robey, George, 156

  Roe, Humphrey, 123

  Roosevelt, Franklin D., 83

  Royal Society of Medicine: opposes contraception, 125

  Rubinstein, Arthur, 137

  Rugby school, 53

  Russell, Bertrand, 233, 239

  Russia: Bolshevik Revolution (1917), 71, 85;

  British troops in Civil War (1918-19), 76, 177

  Rutherford, Lieutenant Colonel Norman, 68

  Rutland, Violet, Duchess of, 111, 114

  Ryle, Rt Revd
Herbert, Dean of Westminster, 266

  Sackville, Victoria, Lady, 84, 109, 113, 189

  Sackville-West, Vita, 36, 109, 250

  Saint-Pol-sur-Ternois, France, 267

  Salford: prostitutes in, 161;

  Roberts’ shop 111, 161, 171, 249

  Sargent, John Singer, 18, 252

  Sassoon, Siegfried: on waking, 1;

  war service, 23;

  disgust at Armistice celebrations, 33;

  on noise of passing shell, 50–6;

  treated by William Rivers, 66;

  on survivors, 183;

  relations with Ottoline Morrell, 233–4;

  disapproves of unknown soldier proposal, 267;

  ‘Blighters’ (poem), 20–1;

  ‘Suicide in the Trenches’ (poem), 17

  Satie, Erik, 217

  Saturday Review, 168, 182

  Savory & Moore (chemists), 134

  Savoy Hotel, London: and influenza epidemic, 94;

  bookings and popularity, 154–5, 187;

  Christmas shopping service, 178;

  Christmas menu, 181;

  Reeves Smith manages, 186;

  staff unrest, 187-8, 218;

  Ballets Russes dancers stay at, 218

  Sayers, Dorothy L., 259

  Schell, Sherrill, 53

  Schmidt’s restaurant, London, 84

  Scott, Kathleen, 59

  Scovell, Doris, 35, 201-6

  Seaford, Sussex, 131

  seaside: holidays and outings, 132–3

  Seely, General John Edward Bernard (later ist Baron Mottistone), 106

  Selby-Bigge, Joanna, 92-3, 95

  Selby-Bigge, John, 92

  servants: and employment, 188–96

  Sewell, Private Horace (’Paddy’), 58

  sex: and openness, 123–6

  Sex Disqualification Act (1919), 172, 258

  Shackleton, Sir Ernest, 119, 150-1, 219

  Shaw, George Bernard: on T. E. Lawrence, 121

  Shaw, James, 95

  shell shock, 64–7

  Shirlaw, Mickey, 62

  Shoulder Arms (film), 85

  Sibthorpe (property developer), 227

  Sickert, Walter, 240

  Sidcup, Kent: The Queen’s Hospital, 57-8, 61-2

  silence (two-minute) see remembrance, act of

  Singh, Rajah Sir Harry, 197

  Sinn Fein: in December 1918 election, 75

  establishes separate parliament in Ireland, 77;

  Ottoline Morrell supports, 236

  Sitwell, Sir George, 192

  Sitwell, Ida, Lady, 192

  Sitwell, Osbert, 34, 36, 218

  Sitwell, Sacheverell, 36–7, 217–18

  Skelton, Lieutenant, 24

  Sketch (journal), 178, 182, 257

  Smillie, Robert, 79-80

  Smith, Frank, 206

  Smith, Keith Macpherson, 150

  Smith, Ross, 150

  Smith, W. H. (stationers), 253

  Smyth, Ethel, 98

  Somme, battle of the (1916), 15-16

  Sourbutts (undertaker), 267

  South (film), 151, 219

  Soveral, Luis, Marquis de, 11, 15, 103

  Spectator (magazine), 78–9

  Spender, Stephen, 132

  spiritualism, 96–7

  sport, 105

  Stewart, Patrick Shaw, 113

  Stopes, Marie, 123-6, 161;

  Married Love, 124, 126;

  Wise Parenthood, 125

  Stornoway, Isle of Lewis, 70

  Storrs, Sir Ronald, 115

  Strachey, Lytton, 36, 237

  Strand magazine, 250

  Stravinsky, Igor: Pulcinella (ballet), 215

  street games, 210

  strikes see industrial unrest

  suffragettes, 2

  suicide: among ex-servicemen, 67

  Sutton, Francis Manners, 221

  ‘Tabloid’ (drug), 65

  Tailor and Cutter (magazine), 184

  Tatler (magazine), 15, 139, 148, 151, 156-7, 163, 184

  Taylor, A. J. P., 14

  Tester, Bobby, 38

  Tester, Edward, 37–8

  Tester, Elizabeth, 37–8

  Tester, Norah, 38

  Tester, Robert, 38

  Thierry, M. H., 100

  Thomas, Edward, 41, 243–4, 247

  Thomas, Godfrey, 181

  Thomas, James Henry, 79

  Thomas, Lowell: talk and film on Allenby and Lawrence, 115, 116–20, 219

  Thompson, Sir Henry, 6

  Thorndyke, Sybil, 45

  Thorpe, Adam, 209

  Three-Cornered Hat, The (ballet), 216-17

  Tiger see Gomme, Lionel

  Times, The: announces Kaiser’s abdication, 29;

  on influenza epidemic, 95;

  on Pelmanism, 98;

  on Cenotaph, 121;

  on name for Great War, 127;

  death announcements of war wounded, 143;

  on two-minute silence, 145–7;

  advertisement from troubled woman, 148;

  advertises dancing lessons, 154;

  on Buckingham Palace drinking, 163;

  on Lady Astor’s parliamentary victory, 170–1;

  advertisements for servants, 190;

  on modern ballet, 217;

  on film J’Accuse, 219–20;

  on decline of great houses, 229;

  on memorials for war dead, 265;

  on burial of unknown soldier, 269

  Titanic (ship), 214

  Titley Will, 35, 201, 204-6

  Tonks, Henry, 18, 58-9, 242, 244-5

  Trades Union Congress: membership, 75;

  and housing shortage, 80

  Trefusis, Violet (née Keppel), 16, 20, 35-6

  trench foot, 22

  Trinder, Second Lieutenant John, 68

  Triple Alliance (trade unions), 78

  Tweeddale, Marguerite Christine, Marchioness of, 202–4

  unemployment, 3, 71, 76–7, 210

  United States of America: and war’s end, 27, 30;

  deaths from influenza epidemic, 95;

  conscription (1917), 115;

  Prince of Wales visits, 162-3;

  prohibition, 184–5

  Unknown Soldier, 1, 266–74

  Valentino, Rudolph, 45

  venereal disease, 23

  Vernon, George, 113

  Versailles, Treaty of (1919), 107-8

  Vicarage, A. B., 60

  Victoria, Queen: at Chatsworth, 224–5

  Vionnet, Madame (fashion designer), 173

  Vogue (magazine), 178–9, 182, 257

  Voranov, Serge, 253–4

  Wade, Rubens, 59

  war graves, 27, 99

  war memorials, 264-5; see also Cenotaph

  war wounded: effects and treatment, 48-51;

  causes, 51-2

  Ward, Mrs Humphry, 258

  Waugh, Alec, 142

  Waugh, Benjamin, 241

  Waugh, Evelyn, 142

  Wearing, Gladys, 124

  Welbeck Abbey, Nottinghamshire, 159

  West, Rebecca: The Return of the Soldier, 236

  West Indies: volunteers serve in forces, 130-1

  wheelchairs, 47

  Whibley, Charles, 101

  white feathers, 13

  White’s Oyster Shop, Chancery Lane, London, 202

  Wilde, Oscar, 24

  Wilhelm II, Kaiser: abdication and exile in Holland, 28–9;

  and George V, 82-3;

  vilified, 84

  Williams, Mrs Hwfa, 103

  Wilson, Sir Henry, 76

  Wilson, Captain Jono, 61

  Wilson, Woodrow, 107, 163-4

  wireless (radio), 214–15

  With Allenby in Palestine (and the Liberation of Holy Arabia) (film), 117-18

  With Lawrence in Arabia (film), 117

  women: position of, 2;

  voting rights, 2–3, 172;

  supposed emotionalism, 6–7;

  war work and service, 20, 258;
/>   and wartime prostitution, 23–4;

  infidelity to serving soldiers, 43, 68;

  dress and make-up, 44, 158–60, 173–8, 207;

  as parliamentary candidates, 74;

  and sexual knowledge, 124–5;

  and promiscuity, 160–1;

  in Parliament, 167–71;

  emancipation and independence, 171–2, 188–9, 258;

  post-war employment, 188;

  at Oxford, 254–5, 258;

  unmarried after war, 260; see also divorce

  Women’s Institute, 175–6

  Wood, Francis Derwent, 52–3, 55, 265

  Wood Green, Battle of, 130

  Wood Hall, Essex, 213

  Woolf, Leonard, 101, 127, 132, 195, 258

  Woolf, Virginia: on Armistice Day, 41;

  buys chocolate after war, 102;

  opposes Peace Parade, 108;

  publishes Eliot’s Poems, 127;

  essay on Kew Gardens, 179;

  on servants, 190;

  on Ottoline Morrell’s voice, 234;

  Ottoline Morrell on, 235;

  mental problems, 245;

  on tragic life, 258;

  Jacob’s Room, 258

  Woolley, Geoffrey, 143

  wristwatches, 184

  Wyatt, Brigadier General L. J., 267, 273

  Yelland, Louis, 65

  York, Prince Albert George, Duke of, 72

  Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA), 48

  Younghusband, General George and Florence, 31-2

  Zola, Emile, 220

  Plaster casts at the Paris studio of sculptor Anna Coleman Ladd were taken from injured faces. The ‘restored’ face masks were painted to match skin tone to give a convincing reality to the mask. Most recipients were eventually buried in the masks, wary of revealing their injuries to the world, even in death

  Above left: Chinese workers were brought in to clear up the devastated battlefields of France in preparation for visits from those anxious to see where their loved ones had fallen

  Above right: Full or partial prosthetics made of galvanised tin were used to cover up some of the more horrific facial scarring of trench warfare

  Left: Harold Gillies, leading plastic surgeon at the Queen’s Hospital at Sidcup, Kent, made detailed drawings of facially damaged men before operating on their injuries

  Soldiers at Roehampton Hospital in London, centre for prosthetic limbs. Over 41,000 men lost at least one limb during the war. Government compensation for loss of a full limb was worth sixteen shillings a week. Allowances stopped at anything above the neckline

  Disabled and unemployed veterans selling bootlaces and matches were a common sight in city streets after the First World War

  The ‘thousand-yard stare’ into vacancy was a familiar sight in victims of shell shock

  London buses were sprayed against infection during the great flu epidemic of 1918–19, which turned its victims’ skin the colour of polished amethyst. Fifty million people worldwide are estimated to have died of the virus, three times as many as were killed in the First World War

 

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