by Simon Schama
Warnicke, Retha M., The Rise and Fall of Anne Boleyn (CUP 1991)
Watt, Tessa, Cheap Print and Popular Piety 1550–1640 (CUP 1993)
Whiting, Robert, The Blind Devotion of the People: Popular Religion and the English Reformation (CUP 1989)
Wormald, Jenny, Court, Kirk and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 (Edinburgh UP 1991)
CHAPTER SEVEN
Collinson, P., The Religion of Protestants: The Church in English Society 1559–1625 (OUP 1982)
Ellis, Steven, Tudor Frontiers and Noble Power: The Making of the British State (OUP 1995)
Falls, Cyril, Elizabeth’s Irish Wars (Constable 1996, 1997; Syracuse UP 1997)
Fletcher, Anthony, Gender, Sex and Subordination in England 1500–1800 (Yale UP 1996)
Fletcher, Anthony, and Stevenson, John (eds.), Order and Disorder in Early Modern England (CUP 1985)
Fraser, Antonia, Mary, Queen of Scots (Weidenfeld & Nicolson 1990; Dell 1993)
Frye, Susan, Elizabeth I: The Competition for Representation (OUP 1996)
Graves, Michael A., Elizabethan Parliaments, 2nd ed. (Longman 1996; Addison-Wesley Longman 1996)
Guy, John (ed.), The Reign of Elizabeth I: Court and Culture in the Last Decade (CUP 1995)
Hackett, Helen, Virgin Mother, Maiden Queen: Elizabeth I and the Cult of the Virgin Mary (Macmillan 1995; St Martin’s Press 1995)
Helgerson, Richard, Forms of Nationhood: The Elizabethan Writing of England (University of Chicago Press 1992, 1994)
Levin, Carole, The Heart and Stomach of a King: Elizabeth I and the Politics of Sex and Power (University of Pennsylvania Press 1994)
MacCaffrey, Wallace T., Elizabeth I and Religion (Routledge 1993)
MacCaffrey, Wallace T., Elizabeth I: War and Politics, 1588–1603 (Princeton UP 1994)
Martin, Colin, and Parker, Geoffrey, The Spanish Armada, 2nd ed. (Mandolin and Manchester UP 1999; WW Norton 1992)
Mattingley, Garrett, The Defeat of the Spanish Armada (Pimlico 2000)
Neale, J.S., Elizabeth I and her Parliaments (Cape 1957)
Patterson, Annabel, Reading Holinshed’s Chronicles (University of Chicago Press 1994)
Quinn, D.B., The Elizabethans and the Irish (Cornell UP 1966)
Rowse, A.L., The Elizabethan Age: the England of Elizabeth, 2 vols. (Macmillan 1955)
Russell, Conrad, The Crisis of Parliaments 1529–1660 (OUP 1971)
Salgado, Gamini, The Elizabethan Underworld (Sutton 1992, 1997)
Somerset, Anne, Elizabeth I (Phoenix Press 1997)
Strong, Roy, The Cult of Elizabeth: Elizabethan Portraiture and Pageantry (Pimlico 1999)
Walker, Julia M., Dissing Elizabeth: Negative Representations of Gloriana (Duke UP 1998)
Williams, Pendry, The Later Tudors, England 1547–1603 (OUP 1995)
Williams, Pendry, Tudor Regime (Clarendon Press 1979)
Wilson, Charles, Queen Elizabeth I and the Netherlands (Macmillan 1970)
Woodfield, D. B., Surreptitious Printing in England 1550–1640 (Bibliography Society of America 1973)
Yates, Frances A., Astraea (Routledge 1999)
INDEX
The page references in this index correspond to the printed edition from which this ebook was created. To find a specific word or phrase from the index, please use the search feature of your ebook reader.
Acre, siege of 138
Adela, daughter of William I 101, 107
Adomnan, St 48
Aedan mac Gabhrain, King 48
Aelred, Archbishop of York 94, 95
Aethelbert, King of Kent 49, 50
Aethelred, King of Wessex 56
Aethelred II (‘Unraed’) 64–5, 68
Aethelstan, King 59
Aethelwulf, King 56, 61
Agincourt, battle of 228
Agricola, Julius 34
agriculture 111, 163, 197–8, 203, 204, 310
Aidan, St 49, 51
Alais, Princess 134
Alaric the Goth 42
Alba (Pictland) 54, 61, 78 see also Picts
Albigensians 150
Alcuin of York 54
Alençon, Duke of 313–14
Alexander II, Pope 84 III 121, 122 IV 152
Alexander III of Scotland 162, 163, 172–3
Alfred, King 56–61 jewel 59
Alfred, Prince 68–70 passim, 75
Allectus 41
Ambrosius Aurelianus 44
Ammianus 41
Aneirin (The Gododdin) 44
Angevins 109–44
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 52, 56, 75, 81, 98, 108–9
Anglo-Saxons 41–103
system of government 60, 66, 98
system of justice 60, 66
Antoninus Pius 35–6
Arbroath, Declaration of 189–90
Arthur, Duke of Brittany 139–40
Arthur, King 44, 106, 135, 146, 168
Arthur, Prince of Wales 241, 250–1
Arundel, Earl of 208, 215, 219–21 passim, 223, 224 12th Earl 306, 307
Ascham, Roger 220–1, 291
Ashdown, battle of 57
Ashingdon, battle of 65
Ashley, Kat 282, 283
Aske, Robert 261, 262
Asser 56–9 passim
Augustine, St 49
Aulus Plautius 31
Aylmer, John (An Harborowe for Faithfull and Trewe Subjects) 288
Babington, Anthony 318
plot 318–19
Bacon, Nicholas 289, 292
Bacon, Sir Roger 211
Baker, Thomas 212
Bale, John ‘Bilious’ 262
Ball, John 213, 215
Balliol, John, King 175–7 passim, 180, 182
Bannockburn, battle of 186–7
Barbour, John (The Bruce) 190
barons 108–9, 114, 118, 120, 130, 131, 138–44 passim, 147, 149, 152, 153, 158, 159, 161
Bath 38–9, 61
Bayeux Tapestry 78–80, 83, 88, 89
Beaufort, Lady Margaret 235
Becket, Gilbert 115
Thomas 114–29, 262
Treason of 262
Bede 49, 50, 54
Historia ecclesiastica 49, 51
Beowulf 46
Berhtwulf, King of Mercia 56
Bernard, Abbot 186
Bertha, Queen 49–50
Berwick, sack of 176–7
Bible, English 233, 240, 252, 255, 263, 265, 273, 287, 308
Bignor 40
Bigod, Roger, Earl of Norfolk 152
Binham Priory 233, 265
Biscop, Benedict 50–1
‘Bishop’s Book’ 263
bishops, appointment of 83–4, 107, 117
Black Death 197–207 passim, 209, 211, 212, 230
Black Prince 194, 207–10 passim, 219
tomb 207
Blount, Elizabeth 244
Bohun, Henry de 186
Boleyn, Anne 21, 244–52, 258–61 passim, 266, 280
George 251, 253
Mary 245, 246, 249
Thomas 245, 251, 260
Bolingbroke, Henry 215, 221, 223–6 passim, 228
Bonds of Association 317
Bonner, Bishop Edmund 264, 267, 270
Book of Common Prayer 266, 268, 274
rebellion against 268
Bosworth, battle of 229
Bothwell, Earl of 299–302 passim, 306
Boudicca, Queen of Iceni 33, 34
Bouvines, battle of 141
Brandon, Charles, Duke of Suffolk 246, 251, 253, 260, 263, 269
Bret, Richard le 126
Brigantes 33, 35
Brinton, Thomas 202
Briouze, William de 140
Bristol 198–9
Brittany 45, 79, 112, 133
Broc, Ranulf de 121, 122, 125, 126, 128
Bruce, Edward 188
Robert of Annandale 157, 175
King Robert 179, 181–9 passim
Bryant, Arthur (Years of Endurance) 18
burgesses 144, 158, 161, 210
Burg
hersh, Sir Bartholomew 194, 208
Burley, Simon 219, 221
Burton, Thomas 199, 201, 202
Bushy, Sir Richard 223
Byrhtnoth, ealdorman of Essex 64
Caister Castle 231
Calais, loss of 273, 286, 290
Calgacus 34–5
Caligula 30
Camden, William (Britannia) 23, 283, 314, 322, 331
Campeggio, Cardinal 250, 251
Caratacus 32, 33
Carausius 40–1
Carlos, Prince 298
Cartimandua, Queen of Brigantes 33, 35
Cassivellaunus, King 29–30
castles 68, 72, 89, 97, 100, 108, 114, 131, 146, 166, 169, 180–1, 208
Catherine of Aragon 241, 244, 247–51 passim, 254, 258, 284
Catholics 233–4, 236, 238, 239, 261, 262, 264, 274–5, 289, 307–9 passim, 315, 317, 330 see also Reformation, counter
anti-riots 293
Catuvellauni 29
Cave, Robert 213
Cecil, Robert 296, 327
William, Lord Burghley 287, 289–96 passim, 303, 304, 306, 309, 313, 315, 316, 320, 322, 327
chantries 206, 239, 263
Charlemagne 56, 61, 122
Charles, Archduke of Austria 290, 293
Charles V, Emperor 243, 246, 250, 259, 269
Château Gaillard 137, 140
Chaucer, Geoffrey 221
Cheke, John 268, 280
Chichele, Archbishop Henry 207
Christianity 46–9 passim, 52, 54, 61
conversions to 48–50 passim, 58
Church 83–4, 107, 112, 113, 117–28, 140–1, 155, 158, 205–6, 227, 234–44, 253, 254, 267
courts 117–19, 121, 128, 239, 254
immunity from law 117–19 passim, 128, 239
Church of England 252–6, 262–8 passim, 274, 289, 293, 315 see also Bible; Book of Common Prayer
royal supremacy of 252–4 passim, 263, 274
Submission of Clergy 254
Church of Rome 47, 48, 83–4, 117, 119, 121, 140, 238, 250–4 passim, 256, 261, 267, 269–71, 274, 293, 330
Churchill, Winston 16–20 passim, 325
History of the English-Speaking Peoples 18–19
Cicero 29
Clare, Richard de, Earl of Gloucester 152, 154
William de 154
Clare, Richard de, Earl of Pembroke, ‘Strongbow’ 131
Claude, Queen 244–6 passim
Claudius, Emperor 30, 33, 61
Clement VII, Pope 250
Clifford, Rosamund 131
Clynn, John 201
Cnut, King 60, 64–8 passim IV 101
Colchester 31, 33, 39
Colet, John, Dean of St Paul’s 235, 236
Collectanea satis copiosa 252
Columba, St (Columcille) 48
Commius, King of Atrebates 29
Commynes, Philippe de 230
Comnenus, Manuel, Emperor 129
Comyn, John 182, 184
Conall mac Congaill, King 48
Constantine I, King of Picts 54
Constantius 41
Constitutions of Clarendon 119–22 passim
Conwy Castle 169
coronations 15–16, 61, 95, 107, 122, 124, 130, 134–5, 143, 177, 210, 227, 286–7
Cornwall 41
Councils 119, 147–9 passim, 152–3, 289
‘grand’ 317
Privy 244, 289, 314, 317, 319
country life 42, 129–30, 204–5, 230–2
Courtenay, Archbishop William 218
Craig, John 301
Cranmer, Thomas 252, 254, 255, 260, 262–70 passim, 272
Crécy, battle of 195
Cressingham, Hugh 177, 179
Cromwell, Thomas 255–63 passim
Crusades 135
Culpeper, Thomas 264, 280
Cunobelinus (Cymbeline) 30, 31
Cuthbert, St 51–2, 58
Cynri, Cynon and Cynrhain, Kings 44
Dacres 289, 307
Daffydd, Prince 166–8 passim
Darnley, Lord Henry 297–303 passim, 305
Dal Riata 43, 45, 48, 54
David I of Scotland 110, 130 II 195
Davies, John 279
Davison, William 321, 322
Dee, John 286
Dene, William 199–200
Denmark/Danes 57–9 passim, 64–5, 97 see also Vikings
‘Danelaw’ 60, 64
Despensers 190
Devereux, Robert, Earl of Essex 327–8
Diarmait MacMurchada, King 131
Domesday Book 97, 100–1
Douglas, William 179
Dover 40
sack of 72
Drake, Francis 323, 324
Dublin 53, 65, 130, 188
Dudley, Amy (Robsart) 291, 292, 302
Edmund 241
Guildford 269
John, Earl of Warwick/Duke of Northumberland 268–70 passim, 291
Robert, Earl of Leicester 290–4, 297, 302, 304, 306, 307, 312–13, 316–17, 323, 325–7 passim
Dunbar, battle of 177
Duncan, King 78
Dundas, Henry 324
Dunstan, Abbot of Glastonbury 61, 70
Eadfrith 51
Eadric 65
‘Eadric the Wild’ 96, 98
earthquake 314
East Anglia 56, 58, 59, 65, 75, 77, 112, 200, 268
economy 111, 153, 163, 197, 186, 309–10
Edgar, King 61, 114
Edgar the ‘Atheling’ 74, 82, 94–6 passim
Edinburgh, Treaty of 296
Edington, battle of 58, 59
Edith, Queen 71, 73, 74, 81, 94, 148
Edith Swan-Neck 93–4
Edmund Crouchback 226
Edmund, King of East Anglia 56
Edward the Confessor 68–82 passim, 95, 102, 114, 117, 141, 147, 148, 222, 227
Estoire de St Aedwaerd le rei 147
tomb 148, 152, 160
Vita Aewardi 82
Edward I 146–7, 160–84
and Scotland 173–83
and Wales 165–8
as Prince 154, 157–60 passim
Edward II 183, 184, 186, 187, 189, 190
as Prince 168, 173
Edward III 191, 193–5, 202, 207–9 passim, 232
Edward IV 229, 230, 232
Edward VI 265–9, 280, 281, 346 283, 288, 294
Edwin, Earl of Northumbria 87, 94, 96
Edwin, King of Northumbria 50
Egbert, King of Wessex 56
Egfrith, King of Northumbria 52
Eleanor of Aquitaine 110–11, 128, 133–6 passim, 139
Eleanor of Castile 171–2
Eleanor of Provence 147, 149, 156, 171
Elizabeth I 274–332
and Church 274, 289
and marriage 304–5, 313–14, 332
and Mary, Queen of Scots 296, 297, 300, 303, 305, 307, 309, 319–23 passim
portraits 311–12, 328–9
as Princess 258, 260, 261, 269, 270, 279–86 passim and Robert Devereux 327–8
and Robert Dudley 290–4 passim, 302, 304, 306, 312–13, 316–17, 325–7
at Tilbury 325–7
Elizabeth II 14–17 passim
Emma, Queen 65–6, 68, 69, 71
empire, English 146, 161–71, 187
Empson, Richard 241
Erasmus of Rotterdam 236
Erik, Prince of Sweden 288
Estrithson, Swein 70
Eton College 235
Eustace of Boulogne 72, 93, 96
Eutropius 31
Evesham, battle of 146, 158–62 passim
excommunication 119, 120, 123, 125, 141, 152, 256, 308
Fairford, St Mary’s church 234
Falkirk, battle of 180
Fastolf, Sir John 231
Ferdinand of Spain 241, 242
Feria, Count, Spanish Ambassador 286
Field of Cloth of Gold 243–4
Fishbourne palace 31
Fisher, John, Bishop of Rochester 235
, 236, 240, 251, 254, 257
fitzRoy, Henry, Earl of Richmond 244
fitzUrse, Reginald 126, 127
Flemings, in England 84, 112, 129, 163, 216
Fletcher, Richard, Dean of Peterborough 321
Flodden, battle of 242
Foliot, Gilbert, Bishop of London 119–21 passim, 123, 125, 128
Foxe, John (Acts and Monuments) 273
France 21, 54, 68, 176–7, 194, 208, 209, 220, 298, 294–6, 313, 315
and Scotland 176, 189, 242, 294
St Bartholomew’s Day massacre 309, 315
war with 134, 141, 194–5, 228, 242, 244
Francis I of France 243–4, 246, 250
Fraser, Archbishop of St Andrews 179
Frederick Barbarossa, Emperor 121
Frederick II, Emperor 150
Froissart (Chronicle) 183, 209, 213
Fulford, battle of 87
fyrd 59, 73, 85–93 passim
Gardiner, Bishop Stephen 264, 267, 270–2 passim
Garter, Order of 194, 195, 265
Gascony 111, 144, 151, 155
Geoffrey of Anjou 108–12 passim, 143–4
Geoffrey of Monmouth (History of Kings of Britain) 105, 106, 139–40, 143, 147, 168
Gerald of Wales 77, 134
Germannus, St 44
Gethin, Jeuan 196–7
Gheeraerts, Marcus the Younger 311, 328
Gibbon, Edward 40
Gildas (De Excidio Britanniiae) 43–4
Glanvill, Ranulph 129
Gloucester, Duke of (Richard II’s uncle) 210, 220, 223, 224
Godwine, Earl 67–75 passim
Godwineson, Gyrd 73, 75, 90, 91
Harold, Earl of East Anglia 71, 73, 74, 79–82 passim see also Harold II
Leofwine 73–5 passim, 91
Sweyn 73, 75
Tostig 73, 75, 77, 80–2, 84, 86–8 passim
Gower, George 327
Gravelines, battle of 324–5
Gregory the Great, Pope 49
Grey, Lady Jane 269, 283, 284, 291
Gruffydd ap Llewellyn 77
Guthrum 57, 58
Guy of Ponthieu 79
Gwynedd 77, 131, 145, 159, 162, 163, 165–7 passim
habeas corpus 142
Hadrian, Emperor 35, 36, 61 Wall 35–7, 41, 42, 170
Hailes church, Gloucestershire 266
Hales, Sir Robert 211, 212, 215–17 passim
Halley’s comet 82
Hampton Court Palace 243, 253
Harald Hardrada 74, 86–8, 91
Harold II 21, 82–94 passim, 103
Harold ‘Harefoot’ 68, 69
Harthacnut 68–70 passim, 86
Hastings, battle of 63, 91–3
Hatton, Sir Christopher 312, 313, 327
Hawkins, John 323
‘Hendy head’, Anglesey 28
Henry I 102, 107–8, 119
Henry II 107, 109–12, 114–34, 139, 161, 253
and Becket 114–29
and Church 117–28
and Ireland 131–2
and justice 114, 129–30
