Ideology 32, 35–36, 44–45, 71
among Democrats 60(Figure)
among Republicans 32(Figure)
anti-Semitic 76
Ba'athist 42
definition 191n23
Hamas 132
Messianic 114
neoconservatism 41
New Left 118
political trends among Democrats 60(Figure)
political 164, 166
by generation 59 (Figure)
political (recent trends among Democrats) 60
“whole land of Israel,” 45, 46, 54
Zionist 141
Independent 27
Indyk, Martin 82, 229n194
Inglehart, Ronald 183, 184
Inhofe, James 45, 112
Intermarriage 143, 144, 146
alienation from Israel 148(Table)
International Affairs and Peace 125
International Christian Embassy in Jerusalem 100
International Fellowship of Christians and Jews (IFCJ) 99, 100, 113
International force 81
Intifada. See First intifada; Second intifada
Iran 16, 23, 35, 36, 38, 43–44, 49, 51, 52, 53, 55, 63, 67, 77, 78, 80, 82, 83, 89, 103–104, 112, 132, 173, 182, 185, 186, 187
favorable views of 17 (Figure)
Iranian nuclear program 36, 44, 53, 63, 67, 77, 78, 89, 89(Table), 90(Table), 105(Table), 120(Table)
main concern regarding U.S. policy to 89(Table), 105(Table), 120(Table)
Iraq Study Group 83
Iraq War 24, 35, 52, 56, 57, 58, 63, 65, 66, 69, 76, 77, 88, 118, 182
Isaiah 98
Islam and violence 89(Table)
Islamic extremist groups, perceptions of the threat from 194n55
Islamic Jihad 111
Israel, caring about 152(Table)
criticism of 91(Table)
destruction of as Arab goal 162(Table)
favorable views of 17(Figure), 22(Table), 198n98, 198n105, 200n122
Iran's nuclear weapons program and 90(Table)
national identity 24, 182
party identification and attachment to 149(Table)
sympathy with over the Palestinians 23(Table), 78(Table), 90(Tables), 104(Table), 119(Tables)
Israel 21C 152
Israel at Heart 152
Israel in the Age of Eminem: A Creative Brief for Israeli Messaging 139, 150, 151
Israel Defense Forces (IDF) 51, 171
Israel Labor Party 51
Israel Policy Forum (IPF) 168, 170, 174, 176
ad in the New York Times 174
survey 164
Israel Project (TIP) 22, 87, 152
“Israel: The Alternative” (article) 76, 166
Israeli Far Right 46, 95, 107, 112
Israeli left 46, 171
J Street 159, 163, 164, 170, 171, 172, 173, 177, 178, 187
Jabotinsky Medal 99
Jackson, Henry “Scoop,” 40, 41, 62
Jefferson, Thomas 11, 40
Jerusalem 7, 13, 21, 78, 83, 84, 85, 98, 100, 103, 108, 109, 111, 112, 115, 128, 160, 164, 168, 174, 175, 179
American Embassy move to 156, 174
Democratic support for a united 214–215n172
division of 46, 47, 48(Table), 71(Table), 72, 81, 107, 161, 170, 172, 175
East 73, 107, 127
Republican support for a united 228n175
Sadat's visit 36
united 45, 48(Table), 54, 99, 161(Table)
states of 161(Table)
Jerusalem Countdown (book) 103–104
Jerusalem Embassy Act (1995) 109
Jerusalem Temple Foundation 103
Jewish Council on Public Affairs (JCPA) 114, 167, 171
Jewish Institute for National Security (JINSA) 168
Jewish Pharisaism 130
Jewish Press 166
Jewish Voice for Peace 176
Jews as Christ Killers 131
Johnson, Lyndon 11, 12, 15
Johnson, Samuel 11
Jones, James 170
Jordan Valley 46, 56, 81
J-Theater 177
Judeo-Christian civilization 102
Judeo-Christian West 102
Judt, Tony 76, 166
“Just War,” 62
Kadima 46, 51, 74, 183
Kairos Palestine document 133
Kamiya, George 76
Keep America Out of War Committee 36, 68
Kelman, Ari 149
Kennan, George 3
Keyak, Aaron 156
Khomeini 70
King, Martin Luther 18
King-Crane Commission 122
Kirk, Russell 34, 36
Kirkpatrick, Jeanne 44
Kissinger, Henry 38, 39, 44
Klein, Ezra 86–87
Klein, Naomi 176
Kohut, Andrew 4
Kook, Rabbi Abraham 166
Krauthammer, Charles 46, 50, 209n110
Kristol, Irving 40
Kurtzner, Irving 40
Kurtzner, Daniel 67
LaHaye, Tim 101
Land, Richard 101, 108
Lasensky, Scott 67
Late Great Planet Earth (book) 101
Lauder, Ronald 175
Law of Return 142, 153
Left Behind (Book series) 101
Lerner, Michael 166, 176
Liberals/Liberalism 1, 6, 13, 15, 28, 44, 58, 61, 68, 115, 135, 153
American Jewish 168, 173, 175, 182, 184
Arab-Israeli conflict 77, 80
bloggers 86, 87
characteristics of 37
classical 10, 25, 40, 41, 46
critical friendship with Israel 65
Democrats 59–60, 183, 184
dovish 65, 86, 132, 133
elite approach to Arab-Israeli conflict 71(Table), 85
evangelicals 97, 108
hostility to Israel 77
ideology 41, 60(Figure)
internationalism 42, 58, 61, 61–64, 65–66, 67, 72, 73, 77, 80, 83, 86
interventionists 61, 62, 63, 88
mainline 98, 99, 115, 117, 118, 126, 134
peace process 59, 70–75
pro-Israel 2, 31, 33, 55, 58, 61, 142, 175
pro-Palestinian 187
pro-Zionist 123
public opinion 77–80, 88
Reform movement and 140, 151, 175
Republican 32(Figure)
support for a Palestinian State 164
sympathy for Israel and Palestinians 78(Table)
sympathy for Israel over Palestinians 78(Table), 90(Tables)
U.S. Congressional 55
university students 87
Zionism and 166, 176–177
Liberation theology 118, 129, 131
Libertarian Party 34
Libertarians 203n20
Lieberman, Avigdor 75
Lieberman, Joe 62, 63
Liebman, Charles 160
Likud 37, 46, 49, 51, 52, 75, 82, 84, 109, 127, 156, 163, 167, 168, 169, 170, 173, 174, 179
“Linkage,” 36, 48(Table), 65, 67, 80, 168
Limbaugh, Ross 40
Lindsey, Hal 101, 106
Lippman, Walter 3
Lipset, Seymour Martin 10
Littell, Franklin 123
Livni, Tzippi 163
Los Angeles Times 27
Madison, James 11
Madrid conference 20, 54
Makovsky, David 64, 83
Malcolm X 18
Marshall, Josh 86
McCain, John 16, 43
McDonough, Denis 82
McGovern, George 40, 44, 61, 68, 69
McKinley, William 13
Mearsheimer, John 3, 19, 35, 37, 52, 159
Melville, Herman 10
Meretz USA 152, 159
Middle East Peace Facilitation Act (MEPFA) 55, 215n179
Middle East Quartet 36
Middle East sympathies 20(Figure)
Millennial generation 59, 59(Figure)
Millennialism 10, 12
&nbs
p; Miller, Aaron David 3, 75
Mitchell, George 82, 229n207
Mohammed 73, 102
Mohler, Albert 238n91
Moment 149
Mondoweiss (Blogger) 68
Moody, D. L. 98
Moral Majority 97, 99, 110
Morgan, J. P. 13
Mother Jones 70
Mouw, Richard 108
Moynihan, Daniel P. 44
Mufti of Jerusalem 122
Munich Agreement of 1938 41, 42, 48(Table), 106
Munich Olympics (1972) 17, 19
Nader, Ralph 68
NASDAQ 14
Nasser, Gamal Abdel 38
Nation 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 75, 239n98
Nation of Islam 18
National Association of Evangelicals 96, 101, 108
National Christian Leadership Conference for Israel 133
National Conference of Jewish Labor 140
National Council of Churches (NCC) 124, 125
National Jewish Community Relations Advisory Council (NJCRAC) 168, 174–175
National Jewish Democratic Council 156
National Jewish Population Survey (2000) 143 (Table), 144 (Table), 145, 146(Table), 147(Table), 252n50
National Leadership Conference 114
National Review 33, 39, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52
National Survey of Religion and Politics 21, 104, 105 (Table), 106(Table), 119(Table)
Native Americans 125
Nau, Henry 40
Nazi Germany 41, 44, 66, 68
NBC/Wall Street Journal polls 196n82
Neff, David 109
Neoconservatism/Neoconservatives 25, 33, 37, 39, 40, 41–42, 44, 48(Table), 49, 50, 52, 56, 61, 62, 77, 113
difference from popular nationalism 46–47
Netanyahu, Benjamin 20, 46, 47, 49, 55, 72, 75, 81, 83, 86, 110, 163, 168, 173, 178, 254n11
Neuhaus, Richard 44
New American Century foundation 113
New Christian Right, rise of 97, 118
New Israel Fund (NIF) 176, 177
New Jewish Agenda 168
New Left 44, 61, 62, 69, 118
New Republic 62, 70, 72, 77, 150
New Right 25
New Testament 98, 109, 130
New York Review of Books (NYRB) 70, 166
New York Times 13, 27, 47, 70, 101, 107, 174, 201n138
Niebuhr, Reinhold 13, 15, 122–123, 127, 131
Niles' Weekly Register 13
9/11 43, 50, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 66, 69, 72, 73, 74, 76, 88, 89, 102, 104(Table), 108, 110, 111, 119(Table), 182, 187
Nixon, Richard M. 33, 38, 61, 186
Nobel Peace Prize 128
Non-Aligned Movement 69
Nongovernmental organizations (NGO) 26
Non-Orthodox Jews 1, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 148, 148(table), 149, 150(Table), 154, 155(Table), 157, 158, 169, 179, 183, 187
Norm, definition 191n20
“North-South relations,” 69
Novak, Michael 44
Novak, Robert 34, 37
Obama, Barack 46, 57, 59, 64, 65, 79, 80, 82–83, 84, 88, 97, 117, 129, 156, 157, 163, 172, 178, 181, 183, 188
Old Right 25, 33, 34, 35
Olmert, Ehud 74, 76, 162, 172, 187
peace plan 111
Operation Defensive Shield 21, 50, 51, 55, 74, 76, 111
Orthodox Judaism/Jews 1, 140, 141, 143(Table), 144, 145, 154, 158, 164, 166, 166, 183, 185
attachment to Israel 146(Table)
closeness to Israel 146(Table)
issue of settlements and Israeli security 165 (Table)
synagogue membership 144(Table)
Oslo Accords 19, 72, 55, 80, 162
Oslo process 21, 43, 47, 107, 124, 168, 173
collapse of 19, 20, 21, 51, 73, 89, 108, 151, 165, 171, 179
opposition tom 166, 174
Paleoconservatives 203n20
Palestinian Authority 17, 20, 43, 49, 87, 124, 125, 133, 163
corruption 64, 67
democratic reforms within 43, 49, 51, 56, 67
favorable views of 17 (Figure)
role in facilitating Hamas terrorism 49
U.S. aid to 55, 109, 168.
see also PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization)
Palestinian refugees 81, 128, 135, 142
Palestinian Solidarity Movement 126
Palestinian State, American Jewish support for 160, 161(Table), 164, 167, 170, 174, 179, 186
Clinton Parameters and 81
Democrat support for 78, 80, 90, 91(Table)
elite conservative support for 48(Table)
elite liberal support for 71(Table)
European support for 28
evangelicals and 105, 106, 108
fundamentals and 106
Israel and 37, 74–75, 76, 82, 84, 127
mainline and 128
opposition to 45, 46
Republican support for 54, 55, 56, 91(Table), 107
UN recognition of 83
US support of 21, 49, 50, 51, 74, 111, 112, 183, 197n86
Palestinian terrorism. See Terrorism
Palestinians, sympathy with over Israel 19, 69, 78(Table), 85, 105(Tables)
Palin, Sarah 40, 45, 156
Park Hotel (Natanya) 50
Passover Massacre 50, 51
Partisan/Partisanship 45, 57, 58, 79(Tables), 84, 88–89, 90(Table), 91(Table), 115, 147–149, 178, 183, 187–188
Paul, Ron 34, 35
Pax Americana 34, 80
Peace process 1, 3, 7, 8, 29, 20, 32, 37, 39, 43, 49, 51, 52, 57, 61, 62, 70, 71, 71(Table), 72, 88, 108, 110, 115, 124, 126, 133, 151, 158, 163, 172, 175, 182, 187, 188
American Jewish opinion and discourse over 160–170, 161(Table), 164, 165, 170
Christian Zionists and 112
collapse of 49–52, 72–73, 74, 75, 78, 80, 90, 110, 113, 127, 162, 163, 174
Democratic approach to 64, 78, 80–83, 90
heyday of 47, 49, 72
Republican approach to 54–56, 111, 112, 181
rise and fall of 47–52, 59, 70
U.S. policy and 21–22, 74, 164, 170–171
Pearle, Richard 40
Peres, Shimon 72, 81, 111
Pew 4, 23, 59, 78, 79, 86, 89, 90, 104, 105, 119, 120, 149, 165
2003 survey 103
2013 survey 160
Pioneering 14, 28
Pittsburgh Platform (1895) 140
Pittsburgh Theological Seminary 126
Pletka, Daniella 215n179
PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization) 19, 39, 47, 49, 61, 80, 124, 127, 159, 162, 169, 172.
see also Palestinian Authority
PLO Charter 49
Podhertz, Norman 40, 42, 50
Political culture, American identity and 10
definition 4–5
different approaches 191n26
transatlantic divide over Israel 24–28.
see also American political culture
Polk, James 40
Pollard, Jonathan 142, 169
Populist nationalism 39, 41, 42–43, 44, 45, 46, 48(Table)
American strategy and foreign policy 206n61
definition 40
difference from neoconservatism 46–47
Postcolonalism 26, 27, 58, 61, 68, 69, 70, 71(Table), 72, 73, 75, 118, 176, 177, 182, 186
Powell, Colin 34, 35, 112
Powell Doctrine 34
Presbyterian Church (USA) 116, 120, 129, 132
Presbyterian General Assembly 116, 126
Presbyterians Concerned for Jewish-Christian Relations 133
Presbyterian divestment resolution (2004) 131, 132, 176
Presbyterian attitutudes towards 120(Table).
see also Divestment; BDS (Boycott, divestment, and sanctions)
Progressive Party 68
Progressives 68, 69, 70
Pro-Israel lobby 4, 5, 9, 37, 52, 70, 77, 95, 109, 157, 159, 163, 170, 178, 179, 180, 189n6
Pro-Israel margins, definition 233n255
Pr
otestant mainline church 1, 6, 12, 96, 118, 135, 182, 183, 185
anti-Israel lobby 33
anti-Semitism 130
anti-Zionism 120–122, 125
Arab-Israeli conflict 119
demography and politics 96–97, 117
divestment 1, 120, 126–137, 128, 131, 133, 135
historic ties to the Middle East 128–129
hostility to Israel 116, 127–128, 129–131, 132, 133, 134
human rights advocacy 125
identification with Republican Party 118
ideological and political divide within 118
influence of Liberation theology 118
Israel and 124–125
Liberation theology and 118, 129–130
official statements and resolutions 125–127
pro-Zionism 122–123, 133
theology 117.
see also Presbyterian divestment resolution (2004)
Protocols of the Elders of Zion 132
Pryce-Jones, David 46
Public Opinion Strategies for the Israel Project 215n172
Puritans 11, 98
Pye, Lucian 4
Quayle, Dan 42
Rabbis for Human Rights 133
Rabbo, Yasir Abd 172
Rabin, Yitzhak 47, 61, 72, 80, 109, 162, 166, 173, 174
assassination 86, 107, 171
Rabinovich, Itamar 173
Radical Islam 7, 21, 36, 41, 42, 43, 49, 56, 63, 66, 103, 182, 186
Reagan Democrats 40
Reagan, Ronald 9, 13, 15, 16, 33, 40, 62
Realism 34, 35, 56, 168
Arabist 34, 38
Christian 122, 131
defensive 35
Kissingerian 32, 38, 39, 48(Table), 51
moral 123
neoclassical 4
political 63, 123
Reed, Ralph 114
Reform Judaism/Jews 114, 139, 140, 141, 143, 143(Table), 145, 151, 153, 164, 166, 169, 172, 173, 178, 187
attachment to Israel 146(Table)
closeness to Israel 146(Table)
issue of settlements and Israeli security 165 (Table)
synagogue membership 144(Table)
Reich, Seymour 168
Religious polarization 143, 144
Republican Jewish Coalition 156
Republican Party 1, 2, 6, 28, 31, 34, 35, 42, 43, 45, 52, 53–55, 56, 57, 58, 61, 65, 78(Table), 79, 84, 85, 88, 89, 90, 96, 100, 101, 107, 110, 113
American Jewish identification with 147
approach to peace process 54–56, 111, 112, 181
Christian Zionist influence 115
conservatives and 32–33
Evangelicals and 97
grand strategy 52–53
ideology 32 (Figure)
New Christian Left and 118
policy towards Arab-Israeli conflict 54–56
pro-Israel approach 39–40
recent political ideology trend 32 (Figure)
support for a united Jerusalem 228n175
Restoration, theology of 44, 97–98
The Arab_Israeli Conflict Page 47
