33.Cited in Ward-Jackson, p. 44.
34.Ward-Jackson, pp. 44–5.
35.Ward-Jackson, p. 44.
36.The traditional white dress was usually worn to the religious ceremony. On this, see Comtesse de Bassanville, Code du cérémonial. Guide des gens du monde dans toutes les circonstances de la vie (Paris, 1867), pp. 25–35.
37.On this, see Ward-Jackson, p. 44.
38.Eugène Loudun, ‘Le Salon de 1881’, La Revue du monde catholique, 31 May 1881. Cited in Jean-Pierre Sanchez, ‘Un mariage réaliste: Gervex et la critique du Salon de 1881’, in Henri Gervex 1852–1929 (Paris: Paris-Musées, 1992), pp. 152–161 (p. 159).
39.Cited in Ward-Jackson, p. 44.
CHAPTER 12
1.Chapelou, Le Tintamarre, 11 June 1876, p. 3.
2.Jules Jouy, Le Tintamarre, 25 November 1877, p. 6.
3.http://ecole.nav.traditions.free.fr/officiers_dekergaradec_alexandre.htm (accessed 10 October 2014)
4.Bradley Camp Davis, ‘States of Banditry: The Nguyen Government, Bandit Rule and the Culture of Power in the Post-Taiping China-Vietnam Borderlands’ (doctoral thesis, University of Washington, 2008), p. 187.
5.Paul Antonini, L’Annam, Le Tonkin et l’intervention de la France en Extrême Orient (Paris, 1889), p. 32.
6.Antonini, p. 34.
7.Antonini, pp. 96–7.
8.‘Léon Gambetta’, Encyclopaedia Brittanica, http://www.brittanica.com/EBchecked/topic/224764/Leon-Gambetta (accessed 20 August 2014)
9.Lyndon Orr, ‘Famous Affinities of History – Léon Gambetta and Léonie Léon’, pp. 1–9, http://www.authorama.com/famous-affinities-of-history-iii-3.html (accessed 29 August 2014)
10.Susan K. Foley and Charles Sowerwine, A Political Romance; Léon Gambetta, Léonie Léon and the Making of the French Republic, 1872–1882 (London: Palgrave MacMillan, 2012), p. 57.
11.Foley and Sowerwine, pp. 113–14.
12.Foley and Sowerwine, p. 115.
13.Foley and Sowerwine, p. 191.
14.Victor Cosse, ‘Gambetta’, Plutarque populaire contemporain illustré (Paris, 1870), p. 53.
15.The incident was written by Valtesse herself, and reported by Félicien Champsaur in Paris, le massacre (Paris, 1885), pp. 269–71.
16.‘M. Gambetta et Mlle Valtesse’, Le Gaulois, 11 June 1883, p. 1.
17.‘M. Gambetta et Mlle Valtesse’, Le Gaulois, 11 June 1883, p. 1.
18.‘M. Gambetta et Mlle Valtesse’, Le Gaulois, 11 June 1883, p. 1.
19.‘M. Gambetta et Mlle Valtesse’, Le Gaulois, 11 June 1883, p. 1.
20.Valtesse’s report was reprinted in Le Gaulois, 6 January 1883, p. 2.
21.In her report, Valtesse refers to the Emperor as ‘King’.
22.‘Essais de psychologie politique’, La Nouvelle Revue, 55 (November–December, 1888), 295.
23.V. de la B., ‘Courrier d’Indo-Chine’, Le Figaro, 22 September 1880, p. 4.
24.Émile Bergerat, Les Chroniques de l’homme masqué (Paris, 1882), p. 297.
25.Émile Zola, ‘Gambetta’, Le Figaro, 13 November 1880, p. 1.
26.Jules Claretie, La Vie à Paris (Paris, 1911), pp. 237–8.
27.Badinguiste was a pejorative term for a Bonapartist in the 19th century.
28.Yolaine de la Bigne, Valtesse de la Bigne ou Le pouvoir de la volupté (Paris: Perrin, 1999), p. 226.
CHAPTER 13
1.Félicien Champsaur, Paris, le massacre (Paris, 1885), p. 271.
2.‘Gazette des tribunaux’, Le Figaro, 9 November 1881, p. 5.
3.Albert Wolff, La Haute-Noce (Paris, 1885), p. 47.
4.‘Petits bruits’, Le Gaulois, 12 November 1881, p. 1.
5.‘Gazette des tribunaux’, Le Figaro, 9 November 1881, p. 5.
6.‘Petits bruits’, Le Gaulois, 12 November 1881, p. 1.
7.Ego, Isola (Paris, 1876), pp. 59–60.
8.Ego, p. 158.
9.Ego, p. 159.
10.‘L’Enfant de Mme Valtesse’, Le Rappel, 16 November 1881, p. 2.
11.‘L’Enfant de Mme Valtesse’, p. 3.
12.Le Temps, 16 November 1881, p. 3.
13.‘L’Enfant de Mme Valtesse’, p. 3.
14.‘Chronique’, Le Droit populaire, 26 November 1881, p. 402.
15.‘Chronique’, p. 402.
16.Paul Janet, La Famille, 17th edn (Paris, 1900), p. 110.
17.‘Gazette des tribunaux’, Le Figaro, 15 November 1881, p. 2.
18.Letter reprinted in ‘Chronique de l’audience’, Gil Blas, 16 November 1881, p. 3. Valtesse claimed her daughter to be two years younger than she actually was.
19.‘Chronique de l’audience’, p. 3.
20.Mardoche and Desgenais, Les Parisiennes (Paris, 1882), p. 360.
21.Émile Villemot, ‘A qui la fille?’, Gil Blas, 19 November 1881, p. 1.
22.‘L’Enfant de Mme Valtesse’, Le Rappel, 16 November 1881, p. 3.
23.‘Chronique’, p. 402.
24.‘Petits bruits’, Le Gaulois, 12 November 1881, p. 1.
25.Villemot, p. 1.
26.Wolff, p. 47.
CHAPTER 14
1.Gil Blas, 12 September 1883, p. 1.
2.Arsène Houssaye, ‘Les Parisiennes d’Amour – Valtesse’, Panurge, 22 October 1882.
3.Le Rappel, 26 March 1882, p. 2.
4.Le Rappel, 26 March 1882, p. 2.
5.Le Rappel, 26 March 1882, p. 2.
6.Le Rappel, 26 March 1882, p. 2.
7.Gil Blas, 26 March 1882, p. 3.
8.Le Rappel, 26 March 1882, p. 2.
9.Le Gaulois, 27 June 1882, p. 3.
10.Octave Mirbeau – Correspondance générale, ed. by Pierre Michel and Jean-François Nivet, 3 vols (Lausanne: ge d’homme, 2002–2009), vol. i (2002), p. 186.
11.Mareuil, ‘L’Accident de Ville-d’Avray’, Le Gaulois, 29 November 1882, p. 1.
12.Mareuil, ‘L’Accident de Ville-d’Avray’, Le Gaulois, 29 November 1882, p. 1.
13.Mareuil, ‘L’Accident de Ville-d’Avray’, Le Gaulois, 29 November 1882, p. 1.
14.Le Gaulois, 23 December 1882, p. 1.
15.Dandeau, ‘Un Collaborateur inattendu’, Le Gaulois, 6 January 1883, p. 2.
16.The Morning Post, 13 June 1883, p. 5.
17.Chambourcy, ‘Hommes et Choses – L’Union des Artistes’, Le Radical, 13 June 1883, p. 1.
18.Aberdeen Weekly Journal, 13 January 1883.
19.Le Gaulois, 13 June 1883, p. 1.
20.Ferdinand Xau, ‘Valtesse de la Bigne’, Gil Blas, 13 June 1883, p. 2.
21.Chambourcy, ‘Hommes et Choses – L’Union des Artistes’, Le Radical, 13 June 1883, p. 1.
22.Gil Blas, May 3 1883, p. 1; Gil Blas, 12 May 1883, p. 1; Ferdinand Xau, ‘Valtesse de la Bigne’, Gil Blas, 13 June 1883, p. 2.
23.Colin Jones, Cambridge Illustrated History of France (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), pp. 226–31.
24.Alistair Horne, Seven Ages of Paris (London: Pan Macmillan, 2003), p. 331.
25.‘Fatal Gas Explosions’, Oamaru Mail, Volume IV, Issue 1322, 19 September 1882, p. 4.
26.L’Europe Artiste, 2 September 1883, p. 3.
27.L’Europe Artiste, 7 October 1883, p. 3.
28.C. Chincholle, ‘Les Arts incohérents’, Le Figaro, 10 October 1883, p. 2.
29.C. Chincholle, ‘Les Arts incohérents’, Le Figaro, 10 October 1883, p. 2.
30.Félix Fénéon ‘Les Arts incohérents’, La Libre Revue, November 1883, article held by the Musée des arts décoratifs, also cited in Yolaine de la Bigne, Valtesse de la Bigne ou Le pouvoir de la volupté (Paris: Perrin, 1999), p. 182.
31.Gil Blas, 14 October 1883, p. 1.
32.C. Chincholle, ‘Les Arts incohérents’, Le Figaro, 10 October 1883, p. 2.
33.‘Les Arts incohérents’, L’Europe Artiste, 21 October 1883, p. 34.
34.Parisis, ‘Bal Incohérent’, Le Figaro, 13 March 1885, p. 1.
35.Parisis, ‘Bal Incohérent’, Le Figaro, 13 March 1885, p. 1.
36.Gil Blas, 12 June 1883, p. 1.
37.H
arry Alis, Reine Soleil, une fille de la glèbe (Paris, 1884), pp. 283–4.
38.Alis, pp. 283–4.
39.Alis, p. 284.
40.Le Diable Boiteux, Gil Blas, 8 November 1884, p. 1.
41.Alis, p. 285.
42.E.C., Le Livre (Paris, 1884), p. 756.
43.E.C., Le Livre (Paris, 1884), p. 756.
CHAPTER 15
1.H.A. de Conty, Paris en poche – Guide pratique Conty, 6th edn (Paris, 1875), pp. 132–3.
2.Gil Blas, 10 June 1884, p. 2.
3.Le Figaro, 21 March 1884, p. 1.
4.Le Figaro, 28 March 1885, p. 2.
5.Gil Blas, 30 March 1885, p. 1.
6.Le Figaro, 28 March 1885, p. 2.
7.Le Figaro, 28 March 1885, p. 2.
8.Le Figaro, 28 March 1885, p. 2.
9.Anne Martin-Fugier, ‘Bourgeois Rituals’ in A History of Private Life, ed. by Philippe Ariès and George Duby, trans. by Arthur Goldhammer, 5 vols (Cambridge, MA and London: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1987–1991), vol. 4: From the Fires of Revolution to the Great War, ed. by Michelle Perrot (1990), pp. 261–337 (p. 304).
10.W. Cope Devereux, Fair Italy: The Riviera and Monte Carlo (London, 1884), p. viii.
11.Le Figaro, 21 March 1884, p. 1.
12.Le Gaulois, 12 January 1890, p. 4.
13.Le Courrier de Cannes, 24 January 1886, p. 1.
14.Henri Gervex 1852–1929, exhib. cat. (Paris: Paris-Musées, 1992), p. 134.
15.Yolaine de la Bigne, Valtesse de la Bigne ou Le pouvoir de la volupté (Paris: Perrin, 1999), p. 212.
16.Advertisement in classifieds section in Guides Joanne – Nice, Monaco (Paris, 1887), p. 72.
17.John House, Impressionists by the Sea, exhib. cat. (London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2007) p. 16.
18.W. Cope Devereux, p. viii.
19.W. Cope Devereux, p. 63.
20.W. Cope Devereux, p. 63.
21.W. Cope Devereux, p. 63.
22.Guides Joanne – Nice, Monaco (Paris, 1887), p. 38.
23.Le Gaulois, 12 January 1890, p. 4.
24.All currency equivalents calculated according to: http://www.measuringworth.com/ukcompare/relativevalue.php
25.Charles Limouzin, Almanach illustré de Monaco et de Monte-Carlo (Nice, 1894)
26.Le Gaulois, 22 July 1888, p. 4.
27.Gil Blas, 10 April 1889, p. 3.
28.Pâquerette’s marriage banns were published on 22 December 1889; Le Figaro, 31 August 1910, p. 4.
29.Gil Blas, 30 July 1889, p. 1.
30.Gil Blas, 17 January 1892, p. 1. 31.I am indebted to the Palais Princier de Monaco for their assistance with my research of Valtesse’s time in Monte Carlo.
32.Le Gaulois, 7 February 1894, p. 1. Journalists refer to Valtesse’s villa in Monte Carlo variously as ‘Villa des Aigles’ or ‘Villa les Aigles’.
33.Gil Blas, 14 June 1894, p. 1.
34.Gil Blas, 13 December 1899, p. 1.
35.Martine Gasquet, Impératrices, artistes et cocottes: Les femmes sur la Riviera à la Belle Époque (Nice: Gilletta nice-matin, 2013), pp. 40–1.
36.‘The Queen’s Visit to the Riviera’, The Morning Post, 28 February 1895, p. 5.
37.Gil Blas, 13 September 1889, p. 1.
CHAPTER 16
1.James F. McMillan, France and Women, 1789–1914: Gender, Society and Politics (London: Routledge, 2000), pp. 141–92.
2.Catherine Van Casselaer, Lot’s Wife: Lesbian Paris 1890–1914 (Liverpool: The Janus Press, 1986), p. 10.
3.A. Coffignon, Paris Vivant, La Corruption à Paris (Paris, 1889)
4.Casselaer, p. 10.
5.Casselaer, p. 11.
6.Casselaer, p. 11.
7.Léo Taxil, La Corruption fin-de-siècle (Paris, 1891); Julien Chevalier, Inversion sexuelle (Paris, 1893); Van Casselaer, pp. 11–12.
8.Dr E. Monin, ‘Propos du Docteur – La Responsibilité en matière criminelle’, Gil Blas, 3 January 1888, p. 2.
9.Casselaer, p. 13.
10.Casselaer, p. 13.
11.Larousse Gastronomique, ed. by Susan Cope and others (London: Mandarin, 1990), p. 1290.
12.Mrs Armstrong, Good Form: A Book of Every Day Etiquette (London, 1895), p. 123.
13.Gil Blas, 3 April 1883, p. 1.
14.Dr E. Monin, ‘Propos du Docteur – Hygiène et éducation féminines’, Gil Blas, 18 March 1890, p. 2.
15.Gil Blas, 27 June 1889, p. 1.
16.Gil Blas, 13 September 1894, p. 1.
17.The Cambridge Companion to the Literature of Paris, ed. by Anna-Louise Milne (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013).
18.Guide des Plaisirs à Paris (Paris, 1899), pp. 115–16.
19.Guide des Plaisirs à Paris (Paris, 1899), p. 118.
20.Gil Blas, 13 December 1899, p. 1.
21.Gil Blas, 13 June 1890, p. 3.
22.Liane de Pougy, My Blue Notebooks, trans. by Diane Athill (New York: Tarcher Putnam, 2002), pp. 50–1.
23.Pougy, My Blue Notebooks, pp. 50–1.
24.Pougy, My Blue Notebooks, pp. 50–1.
25.Pougy, My Blue Notebooks, p. 50.
26.Pougy, My Blue Notebooks, p. 50.
27.Gil Blas, 22 November 1892, p. 1.
28.Jean Chalon, Liane de Pougy: Courtisane, princesse et sainte (Paris: Flammarion, 1994), pp. 15–43.
29.Pougy, My Blue Notebooks, p. 24.
30.Pougy, My Blue Notebooks, p. 73.
31.Pougy, My Blue Notebooks, p. 49.
32.Pougy, My Blue Notebooks, p. 49.
33.Liane de Pougy, Idylle saphique (Paris: Éditions des femmes, 1987), p. 22.
34.Pougy, Idylle saphique, p. 22.
35.Pougy, Idylle saphique, p. 23.
36.Chalon, p. 111.
37.Pougy, Idylle saphique, p. 15.
38.Chalon, p. 42.
39.Le Temps, 7 January 1894, p. 3.
40.Le Temps, 28 December 1895, p. 3; Le Temps, 23 January 1896, p. 4.
41.Gil Blas, 19 January 1892, p. 2. Cythera was the Greek island heralded in ancient times as the centre of worship of Aphrodite. The term was often evoked in reference to courtesans and femmes galantes in the 19th century.
42.Gil Blas, 24 September 1893, p. 1.
43.Pougy, My Blue Notebooks, p. 13.
44.Pougy, My Blue Notebooks, p. 106.
45.Pougy, My Blue Notebooks, p. 101.
46.Pougy, Idylle saphique, p. 15.
47.Pougy, Idylle saphique, p. 15.
48.Martine Gasquet, Impératrices, artistes et cocottes: Les femmes sur la Riviera à la Belle Époque (Nice: Gilletta nice-matin, 2013), p. 190.
49.Albert Bataille, Le Figaro, 2 August 1896, p. 4.
50.Gil Blas, 24 September 1893, p. 1.
51.Pougy, My Blue Notebooks, p. 3.
52.Undated back issue of La Grande Vie, held by the Musée des arts décoratifs, Paris.
53.Pougy, My Blue Notebooks, p. 108.
54.Gil Blas, 21 October 1894, p. 1.
55.Pougy, My Blue Notebooks, p. 50.
56.Pougy, My Blue Notebooks, p. 50.
57.Pougy, My Blue Notebooks, p. 51.
58.Chalon, p. 57.
59.Pougy, Idylle saphique, p. 99.
60.Diana Souhami, Wild Girls – Paris, Sappho and Art: The Lives and Loves of Natalie Barney and Romaine Brooks (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2004), pp. 12–15.
61.For Natalie’s account, see Natalie Clifford Barney, Souvenirs indiscrets (Paris: Flammarion, 1960), p. 37.
62.Pougy, My Blue Notebooks, p. 44.
CHAPTER 17
1.Theodore Zeldin, France 1848–1945: Taste and Corruption (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980), p. 40.
2.Annuaire des Châteaux 1900–1901, ed. by Armand La Fare (Paris, 1901).
3.Le Figaro, 17 December 1910, p. 7.
4.Le Figaro, 26 August 1910, p. 5.
5.Gil Blas, 23 May 1899, p. 1.
6.Richard O’Monroy, ‘Celle qui disparaît’, Gil Blas, 24 May 1902, p. 1.
7.Liane de Pougy, My Blue Notebooks, trans. by Diane Athill (New Yo
rk: Tarcher Putnam, 2002), p. 44.
8.Colin Jones, Cambridge Illustrated History of France (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), p. 233.
9.Alistair Horne, Seven Ages of Paris (London: Pan Macmillan, 2003), p. 323.
10.Graham King, Garden of Zola: Émile Zola and his novels for English readers (London: Barrie and Jenkins Ltd, 1978), p. 332.
11.King, p. 331.
12.King, p. 332.
13.The Dundee Courier & Argus, 22 August 1899, p. 5.
14.The Dundee Courier & Argus, 22 August 1899, p. 5.
15.The Dundee Courier & Argus, 22 August 1899, p. 5.
16.Aberdeen Weekly Journal, 22 August 1899.
17.Le Temps, 22 August 1899, p. 4.
18.André de Fouquières, Mon Paris et ses Parisiens, 5 vols (Paris: Éditions Pierre Horay, 1953–1955), vol. iii, (1955), p. 112.
19.Fouquières, Mon Paris, vol. iii, p. 112.
20.Gil Blas, 7 May 1899, p. 1.
21.Gil Blas, 1 January 1900, p. 1.
22.Jean Chalon, Liane de Pougy: Courtisane, princesse et sainte (Paris: Flammarion, 1994), p. 87.
23.Gil Blas, 26 January 1900, p. 1; Gil Blas, 17 December 1899, p. 1.
24.Parisis (Émile Blavet), La Vie Parisienne, La Ville et le théâtre (Paris, 1887), p. 167.
25.Gil Blas, 17 January 1892, p. 1.
26.Gaston Boudan, ‘Madame Valtesse de la Bigne’, Au Pays Virois, (October–December 1933), pp. 164–9 (p. 168).
27.Simond & Poinsot, La Vie galante aux Tuileries sous le Second Empire (Paris: Albert Méricant, 1912), p. 294.
28.Liane de Pougy, Idylle saphique (Paris: Éditions des femmes, 1987) p. 22.
29.Gil Blas, 12 December 1891, p. 1.
30.Etienne Richet, ‘La Vie Parisienne’, Revue Nouvelle: Le Feu Follet, (May 1900), 307.
31.Gil Blas, 9 May 1900, p. 1.
32.L’Ami du lettré: Année littéraire et artistique, ed. by L’Association des courrieristes littéraires des journaux quotidiens (Paris: Bernard Grasset, 1927), p. 244.
33.Gil Blas, 11 July 1899, p. 2.
34.Joanna Richardson, The Courtesans: The Demi-Monde in 19th-Century France (London: Phoenix Press, 2000), pp. 36–9.
35.Le Figaro, 15 May 1902, p. 6.
36.Richard O’Monroy, ‘Celle qui disparaît’, Gil Blas, 24 May 1902, p. 1.
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