by Dan Jones
Dante, 265, 331
d’Argentein, Sir Giles, 385, 476
Dartmouth, John’s invasion force (1205), 176, 178
d’Athée, Girard, 182
David I, king of Scotland, 19, 25
David II, king of Scots: campaign against the
Disinherited, 445; capture and imprisonment, 476, 480, 490, 493; deposed, 447; French support for, 447, 454; Halidon Hill battle, 474; marriage, 425, 445; release and ransom, 508; restoration, 470
de Bohun, Henry, 384
de Bohun earls, see Hereford
de Bréauté, Falkes, 182
de Briouze, see Briouze
de Burgh, Elizabeth, countess of Ulster, 507
de Burgh, Hubert: Arthur’s jailer, 164; Gascony expedition, 228; government during Henry III’s minority, 225, 227, 230–2, 234, 278; justiciar, 221, 231; naval victory, 223; trial and imprisonment, 232
de Clare, Gilbert, 6th earl of Gloucester, 211
de Clare, Gilbert, 8th earl of Gloucester, 277, 280, 287, 289, 300, 360
de Clare, Gilbert, 9th earl of Gloucester: death at Bannockburn, 385, 391; Edward II’s nephew, 358; finances, 371; Gaveston’s capture and death, 375; Gaveston’s return, 368; Scottish campaign, 383, 384; sisters, 391
de Clare, Richard, earl of Gloucester, 258
de Clare, Richard, earl of Hertford, 211
de Clare, Roger, earl of Hertford, 64
de Clare, Thomas, 277
de la Mare, Sir Peter, 521–3, 526
de la More, Thomas, 405
de la Pole, Michael, see Suffolk
de la Pole, William, 461, 542
de Lacy, see Alice, John, Lincoln (earls of), Salisbury
de Lusignan, see Lusignan
de Maulay, Peter, 182
de Montfort, Guy, 280
de Montfort, Henry, 277, 280, 281
de Montfort, Peter, 281
de Montfort, Simon: character, 239; confrontation with Henry III, 258; confrontation with Lusignans, 261; crusading, 242–3; death, 280–1, 377, 597; finances, 242; French policy, 263; government, 266, 275, 276–7; influence, 262; Lewes victory, 274; marriage, 239–40; Gascony lieutenancy, 248–50, 251; opposition to Henry III, 271–2; Poitou expedition, 243; relationship with Henry, 239–40, 242–3, 248–50; reputation, 596; war against Edward, 278–80; war against Henry III, 272–4; Welsh alliance, 299
de Montfort, Simon the younger, 276–7, 278–9
de Valence, see Aymer, William
de Vere, Aubrey, 531
de Vere, Robert, 3rd earl of Oxford, 211
de Vere, Robert, 6th earl of Oxford, 363, 369
de Vere, Robert, 9th earl of Oxford, marquis of Dublin, duke of Ireland: Appellant revolt, 549, 551–4; death, 561; flight to France, 553, 554; Peasants’ Revolt, 536; relationship with Richard II, 542, 586; titles, 545, 546
de Vere, Thomas, 363
de Vesci, Eustace, 198–9, 205, 210
Denbigh castle, 312
Derby, earl of, see Henry IV (Henry of Bolingbroke)
des Roches, Peter, bishop of Winchester, 182, 221, 222, 225, 232
des Roches, William, 154, 160–1, 163
Despenser, Henry, 281
Despenser, Henry, bishop of Norwich, 544
Despenser, Hugh, 397
Despenser, Sir Hugh the elder, earl of Winchester: banishment, 397, 402; besieged in Bristol, 414–15; capture and imprisonment, 415; death, 416, 417; earldom of Winchester, 404, 449; Edward II’s coronation, 363; finances, 423; French state visit, 379; Gaveston’s burial, 388; powers, 396, 404, 405, 412; rehabilitation, 402, 403; relationship with Edward II, 365, 382, 390, 394, 396, 405, 407, 410; removed from government post, 389; rumoured plots against, 408; son’s marriage, 365–6; trial of Lancaster, 400; unpopularity, 394, 396, 398
Despenser, Hugh the younger: banishment, 397, 398, 402; capture, 416, 417; cruelty, 405; death, 417–18; finances, 423; flight, 415, 416; Gaveston’s burial, 388; Isabella and Mortimer’s arrival, 413–15; marriage, 365–6, 391, 409; powers, 396, 404, 405, 412; rehabilitation, 402, 403; relationship with Edward II, 390–1, 394, 396, 405, 407, 410, 419; restoration of estates, 404; return from exile, 398; royal grants, 391, 396–7, 404, 423; rumoured plots against, 408; Scottish campaign (1314), 383; treatment of Queen Isabella, 409–10, 411; trial and execution, 418; trial of Lancaster, 400; unpopularity, 394, 396–7, 398
Despenser, Thomas, earl of Gloucester, 567, 569–70
Despenser, Sir Thomas, 590
Devizes: attacked by Eustace, 25; imprisonment of Hubert de Burgh, 232; Matilda’s court, 19
Devon, earl of, 485
d’Eyville, Jocelin, 402
Diarmait MacMurchada, king of Leinster, 79–80
Dictum of Kenilworth, 286–7
Dieppe, sack (1195), 141
Dol, town, 168
Dominican order, 376–7, 392, 414, 427, 476
Douglas, Sir James, 425
Dover castle: construction, 95; Geoffrey’s arrival (1191), 124, 125; imprisonment of the Lord Edward, 277; prison, 126; reconstruction, 95, 124, 143, 600; siege (1216–17), 215, 222
du Guesclin, Bertrand, 511, 513, 514
Dunbar, battle (1296), 339, 348, 597
Duncan I, king of Scotland, 326
Dupplin Moor, battle (1332), 445, 446
Dymock, Sir Thomas, 589
earldoms, 50, 113, 328, 449–51
Edinburgh–Northampton, treaty of (1328), 425, 445
Edmund, earl of Lancaster: crusading, 291; death, 342; French negotiations, 331; Kenilworth siege, 286; kingdom of Sicily, 255, 256; marriage, 371; tournament edict, 288
Edmund, St, 38, 559, 594
Edmund of Langley, earl of Cambridge, duke of York: Aquitaine campaign (1370), 518; birth, 468; childhood, 480; Flanders role, 508–9; Garter order, 500; government for Richard II, 580; marriage, 544; marriage plans, 509; at Merciless Parliament, 555; relationship with nephew Richard II, 543; rumoured conspiracy against, 566; titles, 506–7, 545
Edmund of Woodstock, earl of Kent: birth, 349; castles, 404; death, 430–1, 551; mission to France, 408; opposition to Mortimer, 430; supplanted by Gaveston, 361; support for Edward II, 398, 400; support for Edward III, 415; support for Isabella and Mortimer, 412; title, 450
Edward, duke of Albemarle, 558, 569, 575, 578, 581
Edward I, king of England (the Lord Edward): achievements, 352–3; appearance, 282, 337, 349; Arthur legend, 298–9, 304, 453, 595, 596; assassination attempt, 291–3; birth, 241; castle building programme, 309, 310–13; character, 282–3, 284; children by Eleanor, 286, 293, 313; children by Margaret, 349; coinage, 301, 316, 320; coronation, 293–4; crusading, 288–9, 290–3, 295, 322, 324; death, 352, 360; death of wife Eleanor, 326–7; duel with Gurdon, 285; escape from de Montforts, 277–8, 283; Evesham victory, 279–81, 283–4; expulsion of Jews, 317, 318–19, 321–3, 324; finances, 295–6, 314–15, 316–17, 322–3, 334–5, 341–4, 353; French invasion threat, 334–5; Gascon campaign (1294–7), 332, 334, 341; Gascon reform programme, 321–2; Gascony negotiations with Philip IV, 331–2; government, 315; Great Cause (Scottish throne dispute), 327; homage to Philip IV for Gascony, 331; Hundred Roll inquiries, 294–5; imprisonment, 274–5, 276, 277; Kenilworth siege, 286–7; laws, 314–16; Lewes defeat, 273–4; Maid of Norway’s death, 326; marriages, 250, 331–2, 349; name and nicknames, 241–2, 282, 283, 442–3; oath to barons, 260; old age, 351–2; opposition to treaty of Paris, 263; overlordship of Scots (1292), 327–9; relationship with Church, 305–6; relationship with nobility, 449; relationship with parliament (1297), 341–4; relationship with son, 357; reputation, 282, 283; royal power, 267; Scottish victories, 597, 599; tomb, 362, 427, 442; treatment of Jews, 320; treatment of rebels, 284–5, 287; truce with France (1298), 345; war against Simon de Montfort, 272–4, 278–81; war preparations (1294), 332; war preparations (1297), 341, 342–3; war with France, 344–5; war with Scotland (1296), 335–6, 337–40, 425; war with Scotland (1298), 347–8; war with Scotland (1306–7), 351, 352; Welsh campaign (1277), 299–303
; Welsh campaign (1282), 307–9; Welsh campaign (1294–5), 333–4, 335; Welsh policies, 306–7
Edward II (Edward of Caernarfon), king of England: accession, 352, 360; appearance, 350, 357, 363; Bannockburn defeat (1314), 384–6, 597; betrothal, 360; birth, 313; canonization question (1395), 561, 562, 584; capture, 416; character, 350–1, 357–9, 395, 399; children, 381, 395, 397; civil war, 395, 398–401; coronation, 362–5, 367; crusading vow, 380–1; death, 426–7, 438; deposition, 420–1, 430, 547; distribution of confiscated possessions, 403–4; England invaded by Isabella and Mortimer, 412, 413–14; envoys to France, 409–10; execution of Lancaster, 400–1; favourites, 359, 390–2, 394–5, 396, 405–6, 449; finances, 404; flight from Isabella and Mortimer, 414–16; Gaveston’s burial, 387–8; Gaveston’s death, 381, 401; Gaveston’s exile, 365–6; heir to throne, 349–50; homage to Philip V, 395; imprisonment, 418–19, 426–7; influence of Nicholas of Wisbech, 392–3; knighthood ceremony, 351–2; marriage, 361, 362; marriage plans, 325, 328; name, 395; Ordinances (1311), 369, 372–3; Paris visit (1313), 379–81; parliamentary opposition to, 368–9, 370; Powderham claims, 392; regency government, 344, 346; reign, 584–5; relationship with Gaveston, 351, 352, 357, 359–60, 363–4, 367, 542; relationship with Lancaster, 387–8, 391–2, 393, 395; relationship with wife Isabella, 364, 367, 381, 409–11, 413, 418–19; reputation, 419–20; revenge after civil war, 402–3, 405–6; Scottish campaigns, 370, 382, 383–6, 391; supporters, 398; supposed survival, 429–30; tomb, 427–8, 430, 561, 595; war with France (1324), 408–9
Edward III, king of England: accession, 421, 430; appearance, 440–1; armour, 429; army, 445, 471–2, 597–8; Arthuriana, 443, 486, 490; badge, 440; betrothal, 413; birth, 381, 382, 433, 443; Breton war of succession, 470; Calais defence (1350), 491; Calais siege, 477–8; challenge to Philip VI, 464; character, 438–9, 441–2, 489; children, 430, 443, 452, 468, 480, 505–9, 510; chosen to govern England (1326), 415, 420–1; claim to French Crown, 424, 453, 454, 455, 471, 494–5, 497, 499; coinage, 441, 470–1; control of household, 423; coronation, 422, 441; coup against mother and Mortimer, 437–8, 440, 450, 566; creation of earldoms, 450–1; Crécy victory (1346) 474–7, 479; death, 528; education, 442; father’s death, 426–7; finances, 425, 426, 460–2, 464–7, 503; Flanders expedition (1340), 457–60, 462; in France, 410–11, 413; funeral, 528; Garter order, 496–9, 594, 595, 598; government crisis (1341), 466–8; government purge, 465–6; heraldry, 440, 442–3, 452, 453; homage from
Flemings, 453; homage to Charles IV, 410–11; homage to Philip VI, 424, 454, 455; invasion of England, 412–15; invasion of France (1346), 471–4; invasion of France (1355–6), 495; invasion of France (1359–60), 499–500; kingship, 560; legal system, 444; lifestyle and interests, 441–2, 462, 503; marriage, 426, 443; minority, 527; Normandy campaign (1346), 469–70; oaths sworn to, 420, 421; old age, 510, 520, 523, 526; peace terms with France (1327), 424; plot to recapture Crown, 431, 435–7; relationship with parliament (1341), 466–8, 593; relationship with parliament in old age (1376), 517–18, 520–3, 526–7, 593; Round Table, 486–7; Scottish campaigns (1333–7), 445–7, 454, 597; Scottish expedition (1327), 425, 597; Scottish truce (1343), 470; Sluys victory (1340), 458–60; titles, 381, 410–11; tomb, 528; tournaments, 440, 443, 449, 462, 466, 479–80, 485–6; Tower entry (1340), 463–4, 465, 467; vision of kingship, 443, 450; war with France, 455–6, 460–1, 463–5, 468, 490–3, 518–22; Winchelsea sea battle (1350), 492–3; wounded, 457
Edward III, play, 460
Edward the Confessor: crown, 363; feast day, 244, 587; Henry II’s inspiration, 234–5, 236, 241, 246, 266, 298; illustrated life of, 350; laws, 9, 45, 319, 363; national saint, 594; piety, 584; Richard II’s inspiration, 559, 562, 584; shrine, 537–8, 560, 570; sword, 238; tomb, 288, 427, 595
Edward the Martyr, St, 594
Edward of Westminster, 237
Edward of Woodstock, prince of Wales (the Black Prince): appearance, 472; birth, 430; Calais defence (1350), 491; Calais siege, 477; Castilian campaign, 512; children, 512–13; Crécy battle (1346), 474, 475, 598; death, 523–5, 526; duchy of Aquitaine, 506, 508, 512, 514–15; finances, 506, 512, 514; French campaign (1346), 472; French campaign (1355–6), 495–6; French campaign (1359–60), 499–500; illness, 514, 520, 524; knighted, 472; Limoges sack (1370), 518–19, 529; marriage, 505–6, 509; Najera victory (1367), 513–14, 529; Poitiers victory (1356), 496–7, 506, 514; titles, 451, 506; tomb, 524; tournaments, 485; war hero, 480, 497; will, 524; Winchelsea sea battle (1350), 492
Eland, William, 436
Eleanor, daughter of Edward I, 289, 313
Eleanor, daughter of Henry II, wife of Alfonso VII, 49, 84, 94, 159, 175, 481
Eleanor of Aquitaine: annulment of marriage to Louis VII, 29, 30; appearance and character, 26; besieged in Mirebeau, 158, 160–1; captured by husband Henry, 85, 89, 91; children by Henry II, 47, 48–9, 73, 84, 142, 175; children by Louis VII, 26, 29; claim to Toulouse, 54, 55; death, 174–5; defence of England, 133; duchy of Aquitaine, 27–8, 29, 31, 104; escort for Berengaria, 116–18; family background, 26–7; father’s death, 27; imprisonment by husband Henry, 92, 104, 132; influence, 159, 163; languages, 45, 600; in London, 47–8; marriage to Henry II, 26, 30–1, 506; marriage to Louis VII, 26, 28–9; rebellion against husband Henry, 82, 84–5, 92; relationship with son John, 125, 127, 133, 141, 152, 167; relationship with son Richard, 75, 104, 114, 118, 141; reputation, 28–9; retirement, 141; role during son Richard’s absence on crusade, 114, 118, 133, 134; son Richard’s coronation, 111; son Richard’s death, 147; son Richard’s ransom, 134; son Richard’s return, 136; support for son John’s inheritance, 152; tomb, 174
Eleanor of Castile: ancestry, 481; children, 286, 289, 293, 313; crusading, 289, 291–3; death, 326–7; at Glastonbury, 298, 304; King’s Langley house, 387; marriage, 250, 282, 298, 481; Ponthieu county, 357
Eleanor de Clare, 409
Eleanor of Leicester, 239–40, 242
Eleanor de Montfort, 300–1, 306
Eleanor of Provence: children, 241, 242; exile, 276; expulsion of Jews, 320; marriage, 237–9; relationship with Lusignans, 260; Savoyard connections, 237–8, 241, 245, 253, 273
Eleanor of Woodstock, 395
Elizabeth, daughter of Edward I, 313, 341
English language, 262, 505, 558, 586, 600–1
Epiphany plot (1400), 590
Esplechin, truce of, 464
Eu: count of, 490; lordship, 140, 159
Eugene III, pope, 29, 37, 62
Eustace IV, count of Boulogne, son of Stephen, 25, 37–8, 40, 51, 63, 592
Eustache the Monk, 223
Eve, daughter of Diarmait MacMurchada, 80
Evesham, battle (1265), 279–81, 283–4, 597
Evesham, monk of (chronicler), 530, 567
Evreux, 141, 156
Evreux, counts of, 362, 496 excommunication: Barbarossa, 62; Becket’s pronouncements, 72, 78; Gaveston, 365, 367, 374, 377, 387; John, 190, 195, 203, 235; Pecham’s policies, 305; Prince Louis, 215; threat of, 62, 79, 113, 215, 233, 256–7, 259, 413
Exton, Sir Piers, 590
Eynsford, William Lord, 64
Falaise: castle, 95, 161, 166; treaty (1174), 92, 93
Falkirk, battle (1298), 347, 350, 383, 385, 445, 597
famine: (1204–5), 173; (1315), 388–9, 443, 462
Faughart, battle (1318), 395
Favent, Thomas, 554
Feast of the Swans, 351–2, 358–9, 363, 379–80
feudal incidents, 184–5
Fitz Alan barony, 206
Fitzalan, Thomas, former archbishop of Canterbury, 579
Fitzalan family, see Arundel
FitzNigel, Richard, 91, 202
Fitzstephen, Thomas, 4
Fitzstephen, William, 47, 59, 61, 62
Fitzwalter, Robert, 198–9, 210, 211
Flanders: alliance with Richard I, 182; Becket’s flight to, 70; dispute over lordship, 495; Edward I’s campaign (1297), 344, 359; Edward III’s campaigns, 457, 462, 463, 473; English campaign (1383), 544; En
glish tactics, 456; fall to Burgundy, 544; French sovereignty, 265; French threat from, 133, 140; Gaveston’s exile, 373; John’s renunciation of alliance, 156; Longchamp’s flight to, 126; shipping war, 330; Sluys naval battle (1340), 458–60, 464; wealth, 122, 509; wool and cloth trade, 122, 454, 491, 544
Flanders, counts of: (1154), 40; (1214), 206, 208; (1297), 341; (1340), 453; see also Baldwin, Louis de Male, Philip, Thomas of Savoy
Flint castle, 303, 311–12
Flores Historiarum chronicle, 403
Foliot, Gilbert, bishop of Hereford, 51, 69
Folville gang, 444
Fontevraud, abbey church, 109, 147, 151, 159, 174–5
Fordham, Sir John, 548
forest eyres, 183–4
Fornham, battle (1173), 88
Frederick I Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor, 62, 63, 68, 93, 110, 131
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, 238, 242, 246, 254, 321
French language: Balliol’s oath to Edward I, 328; Canterbury’s sermon, 420; change to English, 505, 600–1; Edward II’s coronation oath, 363; Edward III’s use of, 442; Henry II’s use of, 45, 600; Occitan, 27, 45, 600; open letter to London citizens, 413; proclamations in, 262; translations into English, 558
Froissart, Jean: on Bolingbroke’s exile, 576; on Crécy battle, 475; on English attitude to war, 564; on Gloucester, 565; on Joan of Kent, 485; on Limoges sack, 518–19; on Philippa of Hainault, 516; presentation to Richard II, 558; on Sluys naval battle, 459
Fulk III the Black, count of Anjou, 12
Fulk V, count of Anjou, king of Jerusalem, 4, 11, 110
Gaillon, siege (1197), 143
Galeazzo, duke of Milan, 573
Garter, Order of the, 486–9, 594, 595, 598
Gascony: Black Prince in, 514; Castilian invasion, 175, 179; castles for Gaveston, 366; de Montfort’s lieutenancy, 248–50, 251; defences, 291, 430; dowry for Henry II’s daughter, 84, 175; Edward I’s campaign, 332–3, 334–5, 341–4; Edward I’s homage for, 331; Edward I’s reform programme, 321–2; Edward II’s homage for, 361; English position (1380s), 543; English victories, 493; expulsion of Jews, 322; finances, 254, 430; forces from, 307, 308; French confiscation (1337), 455–6; French invasion (1324), 408–9; French invasion (1339), 455–6; French negotiations, 389, 410; French position (1348), 479, 481; French threat, 324, 447; granted to Edward of Caernarfon, 351; granted to the Lord Edward, 250; Henry III’s status, 264; Henry Grosmont’s expedition (1345), 471, 472; Lancaster’s campaigns (1346, 1349–50), 477, 487, 491; lordship, 27; Lusignan invasion, 226; papal loan against duchy, 382; peace opportunity, 380; Plantagenet recapture (1225), 228; Plantagenet territory, 209, 238, 243, 543; Plantagenet victories, 493; rebellion, 293; trade war, 330; truce (1325), 410; truce of Esplechin (1340), 464; wine trade, 228
