by Dan Jones
Nottingham, earl of, see Mowbray
Odo, bishop of Bayeux, 374
Odo, goldsmith, 237
Ogle, William, 427
Ordainers, 369, 370, 372
Orderic Vitalis, 5, 7, 21
Ordinances (1311): articles, 372–3, 376, 390; commemoration of, 414; defiance of, 391; Despenser’s crimes, 418; Edward II’s agreement to, 393; Edward II’s rejection of, 373, 377; enforcement, 390; Ordainers elected, 369; publication, 369; reimposed, 389; repealed (1322), 403; republished and reconfirmed, 390; second set, 373
Orford, castle, 95
Oriflamme, 496–7
Orleton, Adam, bishop of Hereford, 418–20
Osney chronicler, 323
Othver (tutor to William the Aetheling), 4
Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor, 144, 154, 198, 206, 207–8
Otto de Grandison, 301, 322
Ottobuono, papal legate, 286
Owain ap Gruffudd, 300, 303, 308
Owain of Gwynedd, 53
Oxford, earls of, see de Vere
Oxford, siege (1142), 18
Pancio de Controne, 436
Pandulph Masca, papal legate, 204, 224–5
Paris: Becket’s entry, 59–60; Bolingbroke’s exile, 579; Bouvines victory celebrations, 208; Edward II and Isabella’s visit (1313), 379–81; Eleanor’s view of, 28, 48; English advance (1346), 473; English advance (1360), 499; Geoffrey’s death, 104–5, 125; Isabella’s visit (1325), 410; peace talks (1151), 30; radical reformers, 497; Sainte–Chapelle, 236, 246, 264, 596; treaty of (1259), 263–4, 265, 470, 498; treaty of (1327), 424
parliament: demands for, 260; elections to, 304; language, 505, 601; Magna Carta renewal, 575; Ordinances (1311), 372–3, 389, 390–1, 403; origins, 229, 251; trial of Dafydd, 309; twice–yearly, 299
parliaments: (1255), 255; (1258), 257, 258–61; (1265), 284; (1270), 289; (1290), 323; (1293), 328; Model Parliament (1295), 334–5; Berwick (1296), 340; Salisbury (1297), 341–4; May parliament (1298), 346 (1308), 365; (1310), 368–9; (1312), 389; (1313), 382; (1316), 390; (1321), 397; (1322), 402, 403, 404; (1326–7), 419, 423; (1328), 425, 429; (1330), 427, 430, 437–8; (1332), 444; (1333), 445; (1337), 449, 450; (1341), 466–8, 593; (1361), 500; (1362), 504–5, 506–7, 600–1; (1369), 516; Good Parliament (1376), 517–18, 520–3, 526–7, 593; (1377), 528; (1380), 532; (1384), 543; Wonderful Parliament (1386), 545–8, 549–50, 555; Merciless Parliament (1388), 554–5, 556, 568, 570; revenge parliament (1397), 564–5, 567–70, 574, 576; (1398), 571–2, 574; ‘parliament’ (1399), 585–7
Pearl poet, 504
Peasants’ Revolt (1381), 532–9, 583
Pecham, John, archbishop of Canterbury, 305–6, 308, 320, 321, 342
Pedro I the Cruel, king of Castile, 491, 511–15, 544
Pembroke, earls of, see Aymer de Valence, Hastings, Marshal (Gilbert), Marshal (William)
Perche, county, 155, 222
Percy, Harry ‘Hotspur’, 580
Percy, Henry, 375, 382, 446, 476
Percy, Henry, earl of Northumberland, 579, 581
Percy, Richard de, 211
Percy, Thomas, earl of Worcester, 569–70, 581
Perrers, Alice, 510, 520, 522, 523, 528
Peruzzi of Florence, bankers, 461
Peter, son of Alfonso XI of Castile, 480–1
Peter of Capua, 144–5
Peter Langtoft, 269, 338, 339, 344
Peter of Savoy, 240, 258
Peter of Wakefield, 196–7
Petrarch, 515
Petronilla of Aquitaine, 28
Philip, bishop of Beauvais, 127
Philip, count of Flanders: alliance with Henry the Young King, 86, 88; death, 122; Dover visit, 95; envoys to Henry II, 93; invasion of England, 89; peace with Philip II, 105; Rouen siege, 91; tournaments, 101
Philip II Augustus, king of France: accession, 100–1; birth, 73–4; Bouvines victory (1214), 207–8, 597; conquests, 165, 167–9; coronation, 101; court, 102; death, 225; departure on crusade, 114–15; homage for Norman lands, 177–8; invasion fleet destroyed, 203–4, 205; invasion of England, 215, 217; invasion of Normandy, 139–40; invasion threat, 173–4; name, 159; peace terms with John, 155–7; relationship with Arthur, 142–3, 151, 162; relationship with Geoffrey, 104–5; relationship with Henry II, 105–8; relationship with John, 127, 132, 135, 139–40, 150–1, 153, 156, 199, 215; relationship with Richard, 106, 109, 110, 113, 114–15, 117–18, 120, 122–3, 135; return from crusade, 122–3, 139; siege of Acre, 119, 121; sister Alice’s treatment by Plantagenets, 116–18, 131; territories, 265; treatment of Jews, 321; truce with John (1206), 179; truce with John (1214), 208; war with Richard, 139, 141–5
Philip III, king of France, 290, 293, 330
Philip IV Le Bel, king of France: accession, 330; daughter’s betrothal, 360; death, 389; grandsons, 424; knighting ceremony, 379–80; papal loan permission, 382; Paris family pageant, 380–1, 382; peace negotiations, 330; truce (1298), 345; war with England (1297), 341, 345
Philip V, king of France, 379, 395, 408
Philip VI, king of France: Breton war of succession, 470; Calais relief attempts, 478; Crécy defeat (1346), 474, 476, 477, 479; death, 491; defence of Paris, 473; Edward III’s challenge to, 464; Edward III’s homage to, 424; fleet, 457; flight from Black Death, 482; Gascony campaign, 456; relationship with Robert of Artois, 454–5; support for Scots, 447; war with England, 455–6
Philip, son of John II, 497
Philip of Aumone, 69
Philip of Navarre, 496
Philippa, countess of Ulster, 592
Philippa of Hainault: betrothal, 413; children, 429, 443, 451, 468, 480, 505; coronation, 426, 429; death, 515–16; hostage in Ghent, 457; lifestyle, 441, 451, 503–4, 510, 516; marriage, 426; old age, 510; pleading for Calais citizens, 478; servant Alice Perrers, 510, 522; tomb, 528
Philippa of Toulouse, 55
Poitiers, battle (1356), 496–7, 506, 514, 598
Poitou: Aquitaine influence, 27, 109; French advance (1204), 175; French invasion, 225–6, 228; Henry III’s expedition, 243, 248, 252; Henry III’s renunciation of, 264; John’s expedition (1206), 179; John’s expedition (1214), 206, 226; John’s invasion plans, 205, 211; John’s position, 165, 169; Otto’s position, 144; peace negotiations, 495, 497, 499; recovery plans, 226, 228, 230, 243, 250; Richard I’s inheritance, 75, 85, 91, 118
Pole, see de la Pole
Pontefract castle, 390, 391, 400, 587, 601
Ponthieu: count of, 141; county of, 357, 424, 509; forces for Welsh campaign, 307; French confiscation, 455
Porchester castle, 177
Portinari of Florence, bankers, 461
Portsmouth: John’s invasion force (1205), 175–8; John’s invasion force (1214), 206; port and military base, 138–9, 143, 600
Powderham, John, 392
Provisions of Oxford (1258), 261–2, 265, 271–2, 295
Provisions of Westminster (1259), 263
Quiéret, Hugues, 459
Quo Warranto inquiries, 449
Ralph of Coggeshall, 160, 173, 176, 216
Ralph de Diceto: on Henry II, 47, 89–90; on rebellion of Henry II’s sons, 83; on Richard I’s death, 146; on Richard I’s ransom and return, 134, 135
Ramon–Berengar IV, count of Provence, 237
Randolph, John, earl of Moray, 447
Ranulf, 4th earl of Chester, 16, 17
Ranulf, 6th earl of Chester, 222
Rashid ad–Din Sinan, 128
Raymond V, count of Toulouse, 54, 57, 84
Raymond de Bisquale, 481
Raymond of Toulouse, ruler of Antioch, 29
Raymond Trencavel, lord of Béziers and Carcassonne, 55
Raymond–Berengar IV, count of Barcelona, 55
Reginald, sub–prior of Canterbury, 188
Reims, siege (1359–60), 499
Reinauld, count of Boulogne, 173, 198, 206, 208
Remonstrances (1297), 344
Reynaud of Châtillon, 110
Reynolds, Walter, archbishop of Canterbu
ry, 387, 389, 397, 422
Rhuddlan: castle, 303, 311–12; truce (1277), 302, 306–7
Rhys ap Gruffudd, 399, 414, 427
Rhys ap Gruffydd of Deheubarth, 53
Riccardi bankers of Lucca, 322
Rich, Edmund, archbishop of Canterbury, 233, 239, 241
Richard, earl of Chester, 4
Richard, earl of Cornwall: brother Henry’s accession, 219; campaigning with father, 206; crusading, 242, 291; currency reform, 244; Dictum of Kenilworth negotiations, 287; finances, 251; Gascony campaign, 228; guardianship during nephew Edward’s crusade, 289; imprisonment, 276; intervention to spare Jews, 320; king of the Germans, 255, 256, 273; Lewes battle, 273, 274; Poitou campaign, 243; rebellions against brother Henry, 231, 240; Sicilian policy, 255; war policies, 230
Richard, king of Armenia, 513
Richard I (the Lionheart), king of England: appearance, 111, 129; betrothal to Alice, 105–6, 116–17; birth, 49; burial, 147; capture and imprisonment, 130–4, 137, 140; character, 102, 151; coronation, 111–12, 136, 147; count of Poitou, 85; crown–wearing ceremony, 136–7; crusade dreams, 106; crusade preparations, 112–14, 302; crusade victories, 126–7, 128–9, 598; death, 146–7, 148–9, 192, 597; departure on crusade (1190), 114–15; departure from England (1194), 138–9; duchy of Aquitaine, 102, 103–4; father’s death, 109; finances, 197; government, 138, 181; heart, 147; heir, 124–5, 149–52; illness at Acre, 120–1; inheritance, 75, 85, 102, 103–4, 106, 108, 109; kingship, 560; Le Mans meeting, 102; Lionheart legend, 129; marriage to Berengaria, 116–19, 142; naval force, 176; peace terms with father, 91; ransom and release, 133–5, 137, 256, 497; rebellions against father, 83–6, 107–8; relationship with brother John, 124, 127, 140–1; relationship with Philip II, 106–7, 109, 110, 113, 114–15, 117–18, 120, 122–3; return from crusade, 127, 129, 131–2, 135; in Sicily, 117–18, 124, 255; siege of Acre, 119–21, 126, 597; song–writing, 130–1; sword, 115; tomb, 147, 174; truce with Saladin, 129; war with Philip II, 139, 141–5, 182; warfare, 597
Richard II (Richard of Bordeaux), king of England: accession, 528; appearance, 541; Appellant revolt, 551–5; birth, 512–13; Bolingbroke–Mowbray dispute, 571–4; Bolingbroke’s invasion, 580–1; character, 539, 540, 541, 547, 562, 564, 587–8, 591; confiscation and redistribution of Lancaster lands, 578–9; coronation, 528–30; court, 558; death, 587, 590–1, 601; deposition, 585–7, 591, 592, 601; favourites, 542, 591; finances, 575; government during minority, 531; government from 1389, 556–7; government (1397–99), 574–7, 591; heir to the throne, 525, 526–8; household, 542, 555; imprisonment in Tower, 583–5; Irish expedition (1394), 563, 599; Irish expedition (1399), 579–80, 599; lifestyle, 541–2; marriages, 540–1, 563, 564; peace with France (1396), 563, 564; Peasants’ Revolt, 533–9, 583; relationship with parliament, 546–8, 549–50; revenge on Appellants, 565–70; reverence for Edward II, 561, 562, 584; Scottish campaign (1385), 545; succession, 591–2; surrender to Bolingbroke, 581–2; tomb, 561–2, 595; vision of kingship, 558–61, 587–8; war with France, 543; White Hart badge, 559, 560
Richard of Devizes, 123
Richard of Lincoln, 4
Richard de Lucy, 71, 87, 88, 94
Richard de Percy, 211
Richard of Poitiers, 49
Richmond, John of Brittany, earl of, 379, 398, 409, 412
Ridel, Geoffrey, 4, 72
Robert, count of Alençon, 164–5
Robert, earl of Gloucester, 10, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22
Robert of Artois, 454–5, 470
Robert Beaumont, earl of Leicester, 16, 34–5, 73, 86, 185
Robert Beaumont (son of above), earl of Leicester, 86, 87, 88, 92
Robert I Bruce, king of Scots, see Bruce
Robert Curthose, duke of Normandy, 9, 15, 132, 428
Robert of Torigni, 37, 54, 95
Robert de Vaux, 87
Robin Hood, 216, 284, 395
Roche–aux–Moines, siege (1214), 207
Roger, bishop of Salisbury, 16
Roger de Pont l’Evêque, archbishop of York, 69, 78, 82
Roger of Hereford, 51
Roger of Howden: on Geoffrey’s death, 105; on Henry II’s castles, 94; on Richard I and John, 141; on Richard I and Philip II, 106; on Richard I’s coronation, 112; on Richard I’s finances, 113; on Richard I’s release, 135; on Toulouse campaign, 57; on Young King’s demands, 101
Roger de Montbegon, 211
Roger of Pontigny, 69
Roger of Wendover: on barons’ rebellion, 212; on Edward II’s revenge, 403; on extortions from Jews, 191; on Henry III’s government, 232–3; on John’s character, 182; on John’s demands for hostages, 192; on La Rochelle, 226; on lunar eclipse, 187; on Peter of Wakefield’s prophecies, 196–7; on reissue of charters, 227–8
Rory O’Connor, king of Connaught, 79, 93
Rouen: capture (1144), 19, 21; defences, 143; John’s investiture, 151; murder of Arthur, 166–7; Plantagenet family conference (1156), 52; siege (1174), 91; siege (1193), 133
Runnymede, 213, 217, 260
Rutland, earl of, 590
St Asaph, bishop of, 586
Saintonge, the, 179
Saladin: Acre agreement, 121; atrocity stories, 110; correspondence with Richard I, 121, 126, 129; crusade resonance, 598; Hattin victory, 110; Jerusalem capture, 109; paintings of, 254; Richard I’s last campaign against, 127–9; rumours about Eleanor of Aquitaine, 29; threat, 105; tithe, 113, 190; truce (1192), 129
Salisbury: castle, 92, 430; parliament (1297), 341–3; parliament (1328), 429; parliament (1384), 543
Salisbury, Henry de Lacy, earl of, 370, see also Lincoln
Salisbury, Sir John, 542, 555
Salisbury, John Montagu, 3rd earl of, 567, 580, 581–2, 590
Salisbury, Thomas, earl of, see Thomas, earl of Lancaster
Salisbury, William Longespée, earl of: barons’ rebellion (1215), 211–12; Bouvines defeat (1214), 207–8; capture and imprisonment, 208, 211; Damme naval victory (1213), 203–4; death, 232; French expedition (1205), 176, 178, 179; French expedition (1214), 206; Gascon expedition (1225), 228
Salisbury, William Montagu, earl of: captured by French, 457; death, 480; earldom of Surrey, 450; Edward II’s coup, 435–6; Scottish campaign (1333), 446; Stratford mediation, 467
Salisbury, William Montagu (son of above), 2nd earl of, 472, 485–6, 506
Sancho VI, king of Navarre, 116
Sandwich, naval battle (1217), 223
Savoy, counts of, 237–8
Scalachronica, 463
Scarborough castle, 50–1, 95, 374, 375
Scone, 327, 340, 351, 364, 445, 599
Scotland: Arthur’s dominion, 598; Balliol’s homage to Edward, 328–9; Bannockburn battle (1314), 384–6, 597; border raids, 424; border region, 95; council of guardians, 325; David II’s captivity, 476, 480, 490, 493, 508; David II’s restoration, 470; David II’s ransom, 508; the Disinherited, 445; dominion status (1334), 447; Dunbar battle (1296), 339, 348, 597; Edward I’s wars, 324, 335–6, 337–40, 347–8, 351, 352, 425; Edward II’s invasion, 383–6; Edward II’s policy, 368, 370; Edward III’s campaign (1333–7), 445–7, 454; Edward III’s Lowlands raid (1355–6), 495; English raids, 493; Falkirk battle (1298), 347, 350, 383, 385, 445, 597; French alliance, 336, 447, 453; government by twelve–man council (1295), 335; Great Cause, 327; Halidon Hill battle (1333), 446, 474, 597; Henry II’s achievements, 92, 598–9; invasion of England (1322), 404; invasion of Ireland (1315), 389, 395; John’s achievements, 187, 197; Neville’s Cross battle (1346), 476; rebel victory at Stirling Bridge (1297), 345; recognized as sovereign kingdom (1328), 425; Richard II’s expedition (1385), 545; Robert Bruce’s coronation, 351; Stanhope Park battle (1327), 425, 597; succession issue, 325–7; treaty of Birgham (1290), 325, 328; treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton (1328), 425, 445; treaty of friendship with France (1296), 336; treaty of Norham (1209), 194, 197; twelve–man council (1295), 335; Wallace rebellion, 345, 346–8, 350
Scrope, Sir Geoffrey, 444
Scrope, Sir Ric
hard, 580
Scrope, Richard, archbishop of York, 585
Scrope, William, earl of Wiltshire, 567, 569–70
Shakespeare, William, 222, 460, 594
sheriffs: appointment, 372; background, 252, 535; bribery of, 315; collection of taxes, 50, 228, 252; John’s Irish policies, 194; John’s management of clerical property, 189; land law, 97, 98; recruitment of troops, 552; replacement of, 137, 389, 465; responsibilities, 96; royal, 96, 183; sheriffdoms for sale, 113; ‘sheriff’s aid’, 67; Welsh administrative machinery, 314
shipping war (1292–3), 330–1
Sibylla, countess of Flanders, 52
Sicily, 117–18, 255–7, 290
Simon de Reading, 418
Sluys, naval battle (1340), 458–60, 464
Snowdonia, 301, 307, 308
Somerset, John Beaufort, earl of, see Beaufort
Song against the King’s Taxes, 461–2
‘Song of Lewes’, 273, 283
Southampton, French raid (1338), 457
Stafford, Edmund, bishop of Exeter, 567
Stanhope Park, battle (1327), 425, 597
Stapledon, Walter de, bishop of Exeter, 414, 415
Statute of Acton Burnell (1283), 315
Statute of Gloucester (1278), 304–5, 315
Statute of Jewry (1275), 320
Statute of Labourers (1351), 493–4, 535
Statute of Marlborough (1267), 287–8
Statute of Merchants (1285), 315
Statute of Mortmain (1279), 304–5, 315
Statute of Pleading (1362), 504–5, 600–1
Statute of Purveyance (1362), 504
Statute of Rhuddlan (1284), 317
Statute of Treason (1352), 551
Statute of Wales (1284), 314
Statute of Westminster I (1275), 304–5, 315
Statute of Westminster II (1285), 315
Statute of Winchester (1285), 315–16, 538
Statute of York (1322), 403
Statutes of Stamford (1309), 367
Stephen of Blois, king of England: acclaimed king, 14–16; character, 16, 39; coinage, 40; crown–wearing ceremony, 136; death, 40; defeats (1153), 33, 35–6; family background, 15; finances, 14, 16, 50; government, 16–17, 20; Henry’s first invasion, 23; peace terms with Henry, 36, 37–40; relationship with Church, 37, 50, 63; supporters, 14, 16, 34–5, 40; White Ship survival, 4, 6, 7, 15; war with Matilda, 17–21, 136, 212
