16. Van Atta, With Honor, 208.
17. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 308; Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 114, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
18. Look covers: John Lennon and Yoko Ono, March 18, 1969; Smothers Brothers, May 27, 1969; Mia Farrow, August 26, 1969.
19. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 115–16, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
20. Karen Butler to Sybil Stockdale, July 1, 1969, collection of Karen Butler.
21. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 116, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
22. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 117–23, box 11, folder 22, SBSP; McDaniel, After the Hero’s Welcome, 63; folders 4–7, PEGP.
23. Judy Klemesrud, “Navy Wives Who Find Comfort in Sharing a Common Bond,” New York Times, August 25, 1970, collection of Louise Mulligan.
24. Jack Kestner, “POW Mail Less After Bomb Halt,” Ledger-Star (Norfolk, VA), June 9, 1969, B1, collection of Sean Mulligan.
25. Louise Mulligan to Phyllis Galanti, August 18, 1969, folder 7, PEGP.
26. Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, 347.
27. Ward and Burns, Vietnam War, 423.
28. Ibid.
29. Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, 373–75.
30. Powell, Covert Cadre, 39; “A Chosen Few Tread a Productive Path,” Virginian-Pilot (Norfolk, VA), June 16, 1970, B7, collection of Max Friedman. Multiple attempts were made to interview Cora Weiss; she refused all requests.
31. “Woman Here Uses Peace Group’s Aid,” article from unidentified Richmond, VA, newspaper, February 12, 1971, collection of Max Friedman.
32. Cindy Parmenter, “Wives of Missing Military Keep [text missing],” Denver Post, September 28, 1969, collection of Helene Knapp.
33. Joan Pollard, in conversation with the author, April 24, 2018.
34. Sybil Stockdale to government officials, n.d., SBSP; Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 318.
35. Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, 173–76; Ward and Burns, Vietnam War, 408–9; Gerald F. Goodwin, “Black and White in Vietnam,” New York Times, July 18, 2017.
36. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 125, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
37. Andrea Rander, in conversation with the author, May 7, 2018.
38. Unidentified newspaper article, n.d., collection of Louise Mulligan.
39. Andrea Rander, in conversation with the author, June 29, 2018.
40. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 130, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
41. Ibid.; Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 322.
42. Andrea Rander, in conversation with the author, June 29, 2018.
43. Sybil Stockdale to Louise Mulligan (“Dear Wives and Families of the MIA and POW, En Route to California”), October 11, 1969, 2, collection of Louise Mulligan.
44. Unidentified newspaper article, n.d., collection of Louise Mulligan.
45. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 320–23; Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 128–31, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
46. Andrea Rander, in conversation with the author, June 29, 2018.
47. Thomas, Being Nixon, 237.
48. Van Atta, With Honor, 182–84.
49. Thomas, Being Nixon, 240.
50. Ibid., 242.
51. Van Atta, With Honor, 230.
52. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 135, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
53. Joan Pollard, in conversation with the author, April 24, 2018; Gene Birkhead, “90 Words from POW-Husband: Woman Receives Letter,” Colorado Springs Sun, November 14, 1970, collection of Helene Knapp.
54. Van Atta, With Honor, 211.
55. Dr. Luke Nichter, in conversation with the author, April 25, 2018.
56. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 138, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
57. Richard M. Nixon, “Remarks of the President Following a Meeting with Wives and Mothers of Prisoners of War and of Servicemen Missing in Action,” December 12, 1969, SBSP.
58. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 366.
Chapter Twelve: Don’t Mess with Texas
1. “Perot to Fly to Moscow in Attempt to Aid POWs,” Richmond Times-Dispatch, December 28, 1969, folder 113, PEGP.
2. H. Bruce Franklin, M.I.A., or Mythmaking in America (Brooklyn, NY: Lawrence Hill Books, 1992), 50.
3. Van Atta, With Honor, 208.
4. “Perot to Fly to Moscow.”
5. Sybil Stockdale, oral history interview with Steven L. Smith, June 8, 2000, in Smith, “Reluctant Sorority.”
6. Sallie Stratton, email messages to author, May 2, 2018.
7. Franklin, M.I.A., 50.
8. “Perot to Fly to Moscow.”
9. Estimate from archivist for Braniff Airlines, March 25, 2018.
10. “The Perot Mission” (January–April 1970), disc 4 of United We Stand DVD series, produced by Braniff et al., H. Ross Perot private collection.
11. Ibid.; Braniff Flying Colors (@braniffflyingcolors), “Braniff History Today,” Facebook, December 22, 2017, www.facebook.com/braniffflyingcolors/posts/braniff-history-today-on-this/1444737182262249. “The ‘second aircraft’ dubbed ‘Goodwill Toward Men’ never actually existed as far as I can tell. Newspaper articles imply there was a second A/C ‘assigned and waiting’ but I have never been able to confirm. In fact, more than one person involved has told me that Braniff had yet to assign a second aircraft or charter number as they were waiting for word from abroad and it became clear fairly quickly they were not going to Hanoi! So Perot did not want to needlessly spend the money on a second charter aircraft. I do still wonder about all of this and have not yet ruled out the possibility that an aircraft was at least assigned.”
12. Fred Powledchs, “H. Perot Pays His Dues,” New York Times, February 28, 1971.
13. Libby Craft, Perot historian, email message to author, March 26, 2018.
14. “The Perot Mission,” United We Stand, disc 4, H. Ross Perot private collection.
15. Grubb and Jose, You Are Not Forgotten, 114–15.
16. Richard Capen, email message to author, March 1, 2018.
17. Kathleen Johnson Frisbie, in conversation with the author, October 3, 2017.
18. Bruce Johnson, in conversation with the author, April 5, 2018.
19. Goodwin, “Black and White in Vietnam.”
20. Marc Leepson, in conversation with the author, June 15, 2018.
21. Lawrence M. Baskir and William A. Strauss, Chance and Circumstance: The Draft, the War, and the Vietnam Generation (New York: Knopf, 1978), 49.
22. Mark Leepson, ed., Webster’s New World Dictionary of the Vietnam War (New York: Macmillan, 1999), s.v. “African-American,” 5.
23. “About the Agency,” Selective Service System, accessed August 4, 2018, www.sss.gov/About/History-And-Records/Induction-Statistics.
24. Sarena F. Goodman and Adam M. Isen, “Un-Fortunate Sons: Effects of the Vietnam Draft Lottery on the Next Generation’s Labor Market,” Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2015-119 (Washington, DC: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 2015), accessed August 4, 2018, www.federalreserve.gov/econresdata/feds/2015/files/2015119pap.pdf.
25. Moreau, Waiting Wives, 151.
26. Kathleen Johnson Frisbie, in conversation with the author, October 3, 2017.
27. Kathleen Johnson Frisbie, in conversation with the author, March 18, 2018.
28. Bruce Johnson, in conversation with the author, April 5, 2018.
29. “Braniff Was Beautiful,” 2, in “The B1 B-liner” (January–April 1970), disc 1 of United We Stand DVD series, produced by Braniff et al., collection of H. Ross Perot; Kathleen Johnson Frisbie, in conversation with the author, March 18, 2018.
30. �
�Kathleen Johnson Frisbie, in conversation with the author, March 18, 2018.
31. Kathleen Johnson Frisbie, in conversation with the author, October 3, 2017.
32. Andrea Rander, in conversation with the author, June 29, 2018.
33. Bruce Johnson, in conversation with the author, April 5, 2018.
34. James Bond Stockdale, Thoughts of a Philosophical Fighter Pilot (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 2000), 28.
35. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 132, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
36. Nancy Zaroulis, Who Spoke Up? American Protest Against the War in Vietnam, 1963–1975 (New York: Henry Holt, 1985), 337.
37. “POW Wives Reply to Von Hoffman,” letter to the editor, from Barbara P. Ondrasik, Washington Post, May 19, 1970, Cora Weiss Papers (DG 222), SCPC.
38. Clinton, Loyal Opposition, 170.
39. Ted Sienicki, in conversation with the author, December 18, 2015.
40. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 133, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
41. “Greetings from the Committee of Liaison,” statement of Ethel Taylor to the Pennsylvania National League of Families, n.d., Cora Weiss Papers (DG 222), SCPC.
42. Clinton, Loyal Opposition, 15.
43. Ibid., 167.
44. “Reaction Mixed on Prisoner List,” Evening Tribune (San Diego), November 27, 1969, box 4, SBSP.
45. Louise Mulligan to Ethel Taylor, November 23, 1969, Cora Weiss Papers (DG 222), SCPC.
46. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 133, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
47. Hearings on Restraints to Travel in Hostile Areas, H.R. 1594 (Clean Bill H.R. 8023), H.R. 278, H.R. 297, H.R. 2691, H.R. 3999, H.R. 6047, before the Committee on Internal Security, 93rd Cong., May 9–10, 1973, 3–4, collection of Max Friedman.
48. Ted Sienicki, email message to author, February 16, 2018.
49. Grubb and Jose, You Are Not Forgotten, 117.
50. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 141, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
51. James T. Yenckel, “335-Name List of POWs Regarded as Incomplete,” Washington Post, June 27, 1970, collection of Max Friedman.
52. Marie Estocin, email message to author, February 21, 2018; Marie Estocin, in conversation with the author, February 22, 2018.
53. Grubb and Jose, You Are Not Forgotten, 117.
54. Ibid., 134.
55. Various references to COLIAFAM in collection of Louise Mulligan; SBSP; PEGP; JJDPC.
56. Hearings on Restraints to Travel in Hostile Areas, H.R. 1594 (Clean Bill H.R. 8023), H.R. 278, H.R. 297, H.R. 2691, H.R. 3999, H.R. 6047, before the Committee on Internal Security, 93rd Cong., May 9–10, 1973, 3–4, collection of Max Friedman.
Chapter Thirteen: May Day Debut
1. Shirley Chisholm, Unbought and Unbossed (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1970), 20.
2. 1969 Time Annual: The Year in Review (New York: Time-Life Books, 1969), 41.
3. Louise Mulligan oral history interview with Heath Hardage Lee (re-creation of May Day 1970 speech), December 10, 2016, REDASC.
4. Andrea Rander, in conversation with the author, June 29, 2018.
5. Bob Dole, One Soldier’s Story: A Memoir (New York: Harper, 2005), 41.
6. “Early Life,” CNN All Politics, accessed March 5, 2018, www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1996/candidates/republican/dole/early.life/index.shtml.
7. Dole, One Soldier’s Story, 73, 146–58, 254, 259–64.
8. “‘Close-Up’ Interview of Bob Dole on the Nixon Presidency and Vietnam,” May 10, 1970, item 72, REDASC.
9. Senator Bob Dole, in conversation with the author, October 13, 2016.
10. Charles A. Moser, press release for Freedom Rally, Washington, DC, February 21, 1970, collection of Louise Mulligan.
11. Louise Mulligan, speech at Freedom Rally, Washington, DC, February 21, 1970, 2, collection of Louise Mulligan.
12. Clara Bingham, Witness to the Revolution: Radicals, Resisters, Vets, Hippies, and the Year America Lost Its Mind and Found Its Soul (New York: Random House, 2016), 185–87, 198–99.
13. Press release from the office of Senator Robert Dole, April 19, 1970, REDASC.
14. “‘Close-Up’ Interview of Bob Dole.”
15. Appeal for International Justice for American POWs and MIAs in Southeast Asia, event program, 1970, REDASC.
16. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 150, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
17. Press release from the office of Senator Robert Dole, March 20, 1970, 30, collection of Louise Mulligan.
18. Allen, Until the Last Man, 38.
19. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 151, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
20. Sandy McElhanon, in conversation with the author, March 10, 2018; “Olin E. Teague; Texan in House Over 3 Decades,” New York Times, January 24, 1981.
21. Senator Bob Dole, in conversation with the author, October 13, 2016.
22. Susan Stamberg, “Denied a Stage, She Sang for a Nation,” Morning Edition, NPR, April 9, 2014, accessed March 12, 2018, www.npr.org/2014/04/09/298760473/denied-a-stage-she-sang-for-a-nation.
23. Tom Boroughs, in conversation with the author, December 4, 2016.
24. Remarks of Honorable Bob Dole, “Appeal for International Justice,” Constitution Hall, Washington, DC, May 1, 1970, 1, REDASC.
25. Ibid., 2.
26. Sybil Stockdale, address to Appeal for International Justice, Constitution Hall, Washington, DC, May 1, 1970, 2–3, REDASC.
27. Ibid., 3.
28. Kathleen Johnson Frisbie, in conversation with the author, March 21, 2018; Moreau, Waiting Wives, 196–203.
29. Louise Mulligan, address to Appeal for International Justice, Constitution Hall, Washington, DC, May 1, 1970, collection of Louise Mulligan.
30. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 151, box 11, folder 22, SBSP; Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 374.
31. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 374.
32. National League of Families newsletter, August 1970, collection of Madeleine Denton Doak.
33. “‘Close-Up’ Interview of Bob Dole.”
34. Ross and Ginni Mackenzie, in conversation with the author, September 10, 2016.
35. Phyllis Galanti to Ross Mackenzie, November 12, 1970, collection of Ross Mackenzie.
36. Ross Mackenzie retirement scrapbook, December 11, 2006, collection of Ross Mackenzie.
37. Ross and Ginni Mackenzie, in conversation with the author, September 10, 2016; Ross Mackenzie, letter to author, June 10, 2018; Ross Mackenzie, email messages to author, June 11 and 14, 2018; “1971 Mrs. Paul Galanti, Wife of Prisoner of War, Pleads for Prisoner Release,” YouTube, video, 1:33, from a news report broadcast by WSLS TV on February 9, 1971, uploaded by nutty.archives, September 27, 2016, accessed June 16, 2018, www.youtube.com/watch?v=id6h-ik-bQA.
38. Allen, Until the Last Man, 57–58.
39. McDaniel, After the Hero’s Welcome, 72.
40. Allen, Until the Last Man, 58.
41. Ibid.
42. Franklin, M.I.A., 57.
43. Phyllis Galanti, VIVA scrapbook, PPGPC; Grubb and Jose, You Are Not Forgotten, 190–91.
44. Carol Bates Brown, “History of the POW/MIA Bracelet,” The Wall USA, accessed March 15, 2018, http://thewall-usa.com/bracelet.asp.
45. Porter and Marty Halyburton POW bracelet chandelier, on loan to League of Wives exhibit; Marty and Porter Halyburton, in conversation with the author, May 7, 2015.
46. Dr. Henry Kissinger, in conversation with the author, October 15, 2015.
47. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 150, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
48. Jack Kestner, “POW Wife Couldn’t Remain Silent,” Ledger-Star (Norfolk, VA), August 14, 19
70, collection of Louise Mulligan.
Chapter Fourteen: Here Comes Your Nineteenth Nervous Breakdown
The League of Wives Page 33
