10. Polk, Diary, 3:348.
11. Ibid., 3:350.
12. Ibid., 3:356–57.
13. “Mr. Adams, His Funeral,” NYH, Feb. 26, 1848.
14. Joshua Giddings quote in Eric Foner, The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery (New York: Norton, 2010), 58.
15. On racism and expansion, see Eric T. L. Lott, Race over Empire: Racism and U.S. Imperialism, 1865–1900 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004); Paul Kramer, The Blood of Government: Race, Empire, the United States, and the Philippines (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006).
16. Polk, Diary, 3:358.
17. George W. Randolph to Virginia Trist, Mar. 9, 1848, Charlottesville, VA, Trist Family Papers, UNC; CG, 30th Cong., 1st sess., 1058.
18. “New York, Monday, Nov. 15,” Milwaukee Sentinel and Gazette, Dec. 1, 1847.
19. Anson G. Henry to Abraham Lincoln, Dec. 29, 1847, ALP.
20. Mark E. Neely, “War and Partisanship: What Lincoln Learned from James K. Polk,” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society (1908–1984) 74, no. 3 (Autumn 1981): 199–216.
21. Abraham Lincoln, [Jan.?] 1848 (Notes on What Zachary Taylor Should Say), ALP.
22. Henry S. Foote, Casket of Reminiscences (Washington, DC: Chronicle, 1874), 30. For an alternative view of Clay’s role in 1850, see Holman Hamilton, “Democratic Senate Leadership and the Compromise of 1850,” Mississippi Valley Historical Review 41, no. 3 (Dec. 1954): 403–18.
23. Anson and Fanny Nelson, Memorials of Sarah Childress Polk (New York: Anson D. F. Randolph, 1892), 136.
24. Nashville Union, Apr. 3, 1849; Nelson, Memorials of Sarah Childress Polk, 136, 137.
25. Nelson, Memorials of Sarah Childress Polk, 199.
26. Clifford D. Bryant, The Handbook of Death and Dying (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2003), 1:545; David A. Clary, Eagles and Empire: The United States, Mexico, and the Struggle for a Continent (New York: Bantam, 2009), 131, 412.
27. Ralph Waldo Emerson, Miscellaneous Notebooks of Ralph Waldo Emerson (1843–1847), ed. Ralph Orth and Alfred Ferguson (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971), 9:430–31.
28. Illinois State Register, Jun. 23, 1848.
29. Lincoln, CW, 2:124.
30. “First Joint Debate, Ottawa, Aug. 21, 1858,” The Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858, ed. Robert W. Johannsen (New York: Oxford University Press, 1965), 42; Joseph Medill to Abraham Lincoln, Jun. 23, 1858 (Senate), ALP.
31. William Honselman to Abraham Lincoln, Oct. 21, 1860, ALP.
32. William H. Wilson to Abraham Lincoln, Oct. 29, 1860, ALP.
EPILOGUE. LINEAGE
1. George Templeton Strong, The Diary of George Templeton Strong, ed. Allen Nevins (New York: Macmillan, 1952), 483.
2. Ellen Hardin Walworth, “To the Christian Herald,” Jan. 25, 1905, unpublished manuscript, WFP.
3. Ellen Hardin Walworth, “The Battle of Buena Vista,” American Monthly Magazine IV (Jan. 1894): 124–62.
4. Richard Rush to James K. Polk, Dec. 13, 1846, Correspondence of James K. Polk, ed. Herbert Weaver and Wayne Cutler et al., 11 vols. (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1969–2009), 11:418.
5. John Russell Young, Around the World with General Grant (New York: American News, 1879), 2: 447–48; Ulysses S. Grant, Memoirs and Selected Letters: Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant; Selected Letters, 1839–1865 (New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 1990), 42.
6. Mary S. Lockwood, Lineage Book of the Charter Members of the Daughters of the American Revolution (Harrisburg, PA: Harrisburg Publishing, 1895), 1:x.
7. Ibid., 1:xiii.
8. Ellen Hardin Walworth, “Charter Member, Application for Membership #5,” Dec. 1890, Manuscript Collection. Daughters of the American Revolution Library, Centennial Hall, Washington, DC.
9. Report of the Daughters of the American Revolution, 1890–1897, Senate Doc. 164, 55th Cong., 3rd sess. (Washington, DC: GPO, 1899), 7.
10. Ellen Hardin Walworth, “Charter Member, Application for Membership #5,” Dec. 1890, Manuscript Collection. Daughters of the American Revolution Library, Centennial Hall, Washington, DC.
11. Ibid.
12. Lockwood, Lineage Book, 1:x.
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American Flag (Matamoros, Mexico)
Arkansas Weekly Gazette (Little Rock)
Ashtabula Sentinel (Ohio)
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Berkshire County Whig (Massachusetts)
Boletín de Noticias (Mexico City)
Bo
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Brooklyn Daily Eagle
Cleveland Herald (Ohio)
U.S. Congress, Congressional Globe
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Daily Atlas (Boston)
Daily Sentinel and Gazette (Milwaukee, WI)
Daily National Intelligencer (Washington, DC)
Easton Gazette (Maryland)
Emancipator (New York)
Emancipator and Free American (New York)
Flag of Freedom (Puebla, Mexico)
Floridian (Tallahassee)
Frankfort Commonwealth (Kentucky)
Free American (Veracruz)
Genius of Liberty (Veracruz)
Hudson River Chronicle (Sing Sing, NY)
Illinois Journal (Springfield)
Illinois State Register (Springfield)
Kennebec Journal (Maine)
Liberator (Boston)
Litchfield Republican (Connecticut)
Macon Georgia Telegraph
Maine Cultivator and Hallowell Gazette
Mercury (New Bedford, MA)
Milwaukee Sentinel
Mississippi Free Trader and Natchez Gazette
Mississippian
Morning News (New London, CT)
Nashville Union
National Aegis (Worcester, MA)
New Hampshire Gazette (Portsmouth)
New Hampshire Patriot (Concord)
New Orleans Crescent
New Orleans Picayune
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New York Tribune
Niles’ Register (Baltimore)
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North American (Mexico City)
North American (Philadelphia)
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Ohio Statesman (Columbus)
People’s Advocate and New London County Republican (Connecticut)
Peoria Press (Illinois)
Philadelphia Inquirer
Pittsfield Sun (Massachusetts)
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Public Ledger (Philadelphia)
Raleigh Register, and North-Carolina Gazette
Red Lander (San Augustine, TX)
Republican Farmer (Bridgeport, CT)
Richmond Enquirer (Virginia)
Rockford Forum (Illinois)
Sangamo Journal (Illinois)
Scioto Gazette (Chillicothe, OH)
Sentinel (Keene, NH)
South Carolina Temperance Advocate and Register of Agriculture and General Literature
Southern Patriot (Charleston, SC)
St. Louis Republican
Trenton State Gazette (New Jersey)
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Vermont Gazette (Bennington)
Vermont Phoenix (Brattleboro)
Wachusetts Star (Massachusetts)
Winyah Observer (Georgetown, SC)
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