by Ann Wroe
Italian merchant: Arthurson, Perkin Warbeck, p. 24; Spont, ‘Marine’, p. 432 and n.; BN Français 15541, 9 (microfilm 8253), f. 158r.
Honfleur’s defences: BN Français 32511 (microfilm 1653), f. 408r.
The reception: Ibid., f. 423r. ‘Well used to English ways’: BN Français 15541, f. 133r.
‘in heaven’: AH, p. 64n.
D’Aubigny’s pension: BN Français 32511, ff. 408v, 421r.
Monypeny senior’s career: CSPM, pp. 182, 186–7; Scofield, Edward IV, vol. 2, pp. 97, 102.
Commines/ Charles VIII: Mémoires, book 8, ch. xvii.
Charles’s chambers: Yvonne Labande-Mailfert, Charles VIII et son milieu (1470–1498) (Paris, 1975), p. 145.
To Augsburg: CSPM, p. 291.
The tiny court: Hall, Chronicle, p. 463.
Frion’s service: Davies & Ballard, ‘Frion’, p. 251 and n. Bacon thought he stayed longer: Henry VII, p. 138.
‘made himself be called . . .’: Apparent postscript to a letter from Giles, Lord Daubeney to Calais, Oct. 7th 1497: CC 111, f. 188r.
Charles to James: Lesley, History of Scotland, p. 63.
‘true or plausible’: CSPS, p. 10.
Princely by appearance: Chastellain, ‘Les hauts faits du duc de Bourgogne’, Oeuvres, vol. 7, p. 220.
Charles the Bold: Chastellain, Chronique, 1464, 1466–8, 1470, in Oeuvres, vol. 5, p. 368.
Louis XI’s dress-sense: Commines, Mémoires, book 2, ch. viii.
Soncino/ Henry: CSPM, p. 322. Trevisano: CSPV, p. 263.
Henry’s jewel bill: EH, p. 131. Packing them: Ibid., pp. 104, 121. Putting them on himself: Francis Grose & Thomas Astle, The Antiquarian Repertory, 4 vols (1807–9), vol. 1, p. 328.
‘The Merchant of the Ruby’: Madden, ‘Documents’, pp. 207, 208.
Philip the Good’s hat: Chastellain, Chronique, 1461–64, in Oeuvres, vol. 4, p. 447.
Rubies: Mandeville, Voiage, pp. 157–8, 178, 214; Madame A. de Barrera, Gems and Jewels (Paris, 1860), pp. 242–3; Deguileville, Pélérinage, pp. xxii, 27. At the Spanish court: Gairdner, Memorials, pp. 341, 343, 347.
Charles’s court: Labande-Mailfert, Charles VIII, esp. pp. 141–9.
‘cousin’, Duke of York: BN Français 25717, p. 133; Spont, ‘Marine’, p. 433.
Etaples codicil: Rymer, Foedera, vol. xii, p. 508.
Leaving Paris: Hall, Chronicle, p. 463; Bacon, Henry VII, p. 138. The escape-ways: Labande-Mailfert, Charles VIII, p. 142. The gaberdine: Ibid., p. 146.
Dunbar’s roses: ‘The Goldyn Targe’, ls 22–36.
‘celestial clearness’: ‘Le temple de Bocace’, Oeuvres, vol. 7, p. 81; Lydgate, The Temple of Glass, ed. J. Schick, EETS Extra Series lx (1891), ls 20–9.
André/ Homer: HRHS, pp. 3, 6.
Charles VIII’s eyes: Labande-Mailfert, Charles VIII, p. 155. Caxton’s: George D. Painter, William Caxton: A Quincentenary Biography of England’s First Printer (1976), p. 187. Thomas Betson’s: Stonor Letters, p. 43. Henry’s: Halliwell, Letters, vol. 1, p. 183.
Edward IV’s repairs: Scofield, Edward IV, vol. 2, p. 430. Windows and light: see eg. Hawes, Pastime of Pleasure, pp. 17, 57.
‘through the glass window’: BL Harleian 7578, f. 110.
‘barked leather’: ‘A Tale of Froward Maymond’, l. 30.
Charles’s hawks: Labande-Mailfert, Charles VIII, pp. 144–5.
Night lighting: EH, p. 235; Sydney Anglo, ‘The Court Festivals of Henry VII’, Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 43 (1960–1), pp. 23, 24 n.
Windows at Binche: AN CC 8852, ff. 45v, 47v, 51v. At Malines: Weightman, Margaret of York, p. 124; Hommel, Marguerite d’York, p. 325.
‘envived pictures’: ‘The Garland of Laurel’, ls 1157–61.
Margaret’s books: Weightman, Margaret of York, pp. 203–12; Tomas Kren, ‘The Library of Margaret of York and the Burgundian Court’, in The Visions of Tondal, ed. Thomas Kren & Roger S. Wieck (Malibu, California, 1990), pp. 9–18; Pierre Cockshaw, ‘Remarks on the Character and Content of the Library of Margaret of York’, in Thomas Kren, ed., Margaret of York, Simon Marmion and the Visions of Tondal (Malibu, California, 1992), pp. 57–62; Nigel Morgan, ‘Texts of Devotion and Religious Instruction Associated with Margaret of York’, ibid., pp. 63–76, and other essays, passim.
Jesus visiting: La dialogue de la duchesse de Bourgogne a Jesu Christ, BL MS Add. 7970, esp. ff. 1r, 5r, 12r–17r, 20r,v, 71v–72r, 105r, 118r–119r; and see Plate 5. The lance-wound: Tretyse of Love (see Notes, p. 478), pp. 118–20.
Margaret to Isabella: see Notes, p. 484.
‘scarcely of sound mind’: AH, p. 65.
Sending seals: Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 5, p. 48.
Betson’s tokens: Stonor Letters, vol. 2, pp. 6, 47. See also Paston Letters, vol. 5, nos. 860, 923.
Following his movements: AH, p. 65 n.
‘my most beloved’: HRHS, p. 68. ‘Newly cropen’: Hall, Chronicle, p. 463.
Coldharbour redecorated: Nicolas, Privy Purse, pp. 126, 141–5, 241.
The visit in ‘1481’: P. Génard, ‘Marguerite d’York, duchesse de Bourgogne, et la rose blanche (1495)’, Bulletin de la Commission Royale d’Histoire, 4th Series, ii (Brussels, 1875), pp. 11–12; BL MS Fasc. 295 (a), p. 1.
Hastings Hours: BL MS Add. 54782; Pamela Tudor-Craig, ‘The Hours of Edward V and Lord Hastings, British Library Manuscript Add. 54782’ in England in the Fifteenth Century, Proceedings of the 1986 Harlaxton Symposium (1987), pp. 363–9; Tudor-Craig, Richard III, p. 9.
Ceremonies for Margaret: Weightman, Margaret of York, p. 134; Nicolas, Privy Purse, pp. 141–5, 163–6.
Sir Galahad/ Lancelot: Malory, Morte Darthur, p. 388.
Columbus/ Cipango: Cave, Voyages, pp. 141, 145.
trois enseignes: Gairdner, Richard III/Perkin Warbeck (see Notes, p. 476), p. 282; Heinrich Ulmann, Kaiser Maximilian I, 2 vols (Stuttgart, 1884), vol. 1, p. 263 and n. Thanks to Professor Leopold Auer of the Österreichisches Staatsarchiv in Vienna for his efforts to find this document, which seems to have vanished without trace.
Tanjar on the marks: PI, vol. 4, pp. 528–9.
Charles the Bold’s marks: Pierre Frédérix, La mort de Charles le Téméraire (Paris, 1966), pp. 216–17.
Charles the Bold avising: EH, p. 230.
The Queen of Naples: Gairdner, Memorials, pp. 230, 233. Ferdinand: Ibid., p. 278.
Henry’s wart: The Most Pleasant Song of Lady Bessy, ed. J. O. Halliwell, Camden Society no. 69 (1847), p. 29.
Edward’s familiarity: Mancini, Usurpation, pp. 79–81.
Lament for Edward: Anne F. Sutton & Livia Visser-Fuchs, ‘Laments for the Death of Edward IV . . .’ in The Ricardian, vol. ix, no. 145 (June 1999), p. 517.
Chamberlain and Debenham: Chronicles of the White Rose, pp. 37, 42.
Thomas Ward: C. L. Kingsford, English Historical Literature (Oxford, 1913), p. 184 n; Margaret Condon, ‘The Kaleidoscope of Treason: Fragments from the Bosworth story’, The Ricardian, vol. vii, no. 92 (March 1986), passim.
Charles the Bold like his father: Chastellain, ‘Les hauts faits du duc de Bourgogne’, Oeuvres, vol. 7, pp. 228–9.
Dr Shaw’s observations: More, Richard III, pp. 102–3; Vergil, Three Books, p. 184.
Edward’s portrait: See Plate 3; Frederick Hepburn, Portraits of the Later Plantagenets (Woodbridge, 1986), pp. 60–1 and Plate 49.
Elizabeth’s hair: Leland, Collectanea, vol. 4, pp. 219–20.
‘of invincible courage’: Commines, Mémoires, book 3, ch. v. Gone to seed: Ibid., book 4, ch. x.
‘By God’s Blessed Lady’: More, Richard III, p. 16. The Angelus: Calendar of Papal Letters, vol. 13, part 1, pp. 90–1.
‘somewhat like the Duke of Clarence’: Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 5, p. 79.
Edward’s bastards: Charles Ross, ‘Rumour, Propaganda and Popular Opinion during the Wars of the Roses’, in Patronage, the Crown and the Provinces in Later Medieval England, ed. Ralph A. Griffiths (Gloucester, 1981), p. 28 and n; The Chronicles of Calais . . . to the year 1540, ed. J.
G. Nichols, Camden Series, 35 (1846), p. 41.
Harliston’s conduct: de Carteret, Chronique (see Notes, p. 486). His career: G. R. Balleine, A History of the Island of Jersey (1950), pp. 91–7; Campbell, Materials, vol. 2, p. 30. His pardon: CPR HVII, vol. 1, p. 141.
Clifford at the jousts: Black, Wedding, pp. 28, 35, 37, 40.
Iuvene viso: AH, p. 69. ‘by his face’: Hall, Chronicle, p. 465. ‘gesture and manners’: John Stow, The Annales, or General Chronicle of England . . . unto the end of this present year 1614 (1615), p. 478.
The lady in Calais: L&P, vol. 1, p. 235.
Isabella/ Margaret: PI, vol. 4, pp. 400–1; CSPS, p. 61.
‘nobody had seen him dead’: Weisskunig, p. 218 n. (g).
Bodies in St Paul’s: Weightman, Margaret of York, p. 96.
‘exhibit His presence’: L&P, vol. 2, p. 177.
Dr Argentine/ Henry: PRO 36/130, ff. 16v, 24v; E 404/80/38.
Tyrell under subpoena: Campbell, Materials, vol. 1, p. 270.
Lyneham’s investigation: PRO E 405/79, mem. 1v.
envoys’ instructions: AH, pp. 69–71 and n.
Somerset’s offer: Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 5, p. 49. The princes’ funeral: Ibid., vol. 2, pp. 402–3.
Letters of marque: Douglas R. Bisson, The Merchant Adventurers of England: The Company and the Crown, 1474–1564 (Newark, New Jersey, 1993), p. 73; Christine de Pisan, The Book of Fayttes of Arms and Chyvalrye, ed. A. T. P. Byles, EETS Original Series clxxxix (1932), pp. 252–3.
Merchant Adventurers leaving: Bisson, Merchant Adventurers, p. 73.
Their house: P. Génard, Anvers à travers les âges, 2 vols (Brussels, 1888), vol. 2, p. 399.
Richard’s escutcheon: Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 5, pp. 15–16.
de Melun: J. S. Brewer and R. H. Brodie, Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII, vol. 1, part i, no. 1793 (p. 815); Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 4, pp. 167–9.
The thirty halberdiers: Hall, Chronicle, p. 463. Molinet mentions only twenty archers: Chroniques, vol. 5, p. 15.
‘fair white rose’: ‘Gregory’s Chronicle’ in Historical Collections of a London Citizen in the Fifteenth Century, ed. James Gairdner, Camden Society New Series 17 (1876), p. 215.
Richard as ‘the White Rose’: Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 5, pp. 16, 49, 121; Hammond, ‘Richard III, Dutch Sources’, p. 13; Livia Visser-Fuchs, ‘English Events in Caspar Weinreich’s Danzig Chronicle, 1461–1495’, The Ricardian, vol. vii, no. 95 (Dec. 1986), p. 318. Abell’s chronicle: Roit or Queill of Tyme, National Library of Scotland, MS 1746, p. 111; CSPM, p. 318.
White Rose letters: The Ledger of Andrew Halyburton, 1492–1503 (Edinburgh, 1867) pp. lix, 215.
Henry’s roses: Benjamin Thomson, ‘The Iconography of Henry VII’ in The Reign of Henry VII, Proceedings of the 1993 Harlaxton Symposium (Stamford, 1995), pp. 3–5, 10, 112.
Buckhounds: PRO E 404/80/125. Tudor garden: BL MS Cotton Vespasian iv, f. 16r.
Maximilian the polyglot: Weisskunig, pp. 117–21; Waas, Legendary Character, pp. 113–14.
Henry VII and French: CSPS, p. 178 (letter of Pedro de Ayala of July 1498); Bacon, Henry VII, p. 243.
Caxton’s fault: The Prologues and Epilogues of William Caxton, ed. W. J. B. Crotch, EETS Original Series clxxvi (1928 for 1927), p. 5.
Brought up in England: HRHS, ps 66, 72. Already speaking English: AH, p. 63.
Caxton’s Flemish: Dialogues in French and English by William Caxton, ed. Henry Bradley, EETS Extra Series lxxix (1900), p. vi.
‘well-spoken’: CSPM, p. 330.
Richmond and the Garter job: Gairdner, Memorials, p. xli. He signed his salary receipt in French, after someone else had written the acknowledgement for him in English: see PRO E36/130, f. 158Ar.
Richard’s letter: Madden, ‘Documents’, pp. 182–4; BL MS Egerton 616/6.
Yorkist chancery: Compare the signet letter of Edward IV in Charles Ross, Edward IV (1974), plate 6, facing p. 113.
His handwriting: Madden thought it ‘bold and thoroughly English’: ‘Documents’, p. 184. Maximilian’s handwriting: Weisskunig, p. 62; G. Elwood Waas, The Legendary Character of the Emperor Maximilian (Columbia, New York, 1941), pp. 34, 109. James IV’s: TA, pp. 271, 311.
Greeting the captain: see Ch. 5, p. 267; Original Letters Illustrative of English History, ed. Henry Ellis, 3 vols, Series 1, vol. 1 (1825), p. 30.
The mistake: CC 111, f. 188r.
Brascha’s conversation: CSPM, pp. 292–3; ASM Borgogna Cartella 521.
Maximilian’s land problems: Benecke, Maximilian (see Notes, p. 476), pp. 17, 31–9, 122–3.
‘sitting between two chairs’: Visser-Fuchs, ‘Caspar Weinreich’ (see Notes, p. 493), p. 311.
Klingkhamer: Rosl Philpot, ‘Maximilian and England’, PhD thesis, University of London (1975), p. 165; E. M. Lichnowsky, Geschichte des Hauses Habsburg, 8 vols (Vienna, 1836–44), vol. 8, no. 2000.
The Vienna meeting: Staatsarchiv Nürnberg, Fürstentum Brandenburg-Ansbach, Reichstagsakten, nr 5, p. 271; J. F. Böhmer, Regesta Imperii XIV:Ausgewählte Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Maximilian I, compiled by Hermann Wiesflecker with Manfred Holleger, Kurt Riedl, Ingeborg Wiesflecker-Friedhuber & others (Vienna/Cologne/Weimar, 1989–98), vol. 1, part i (Maximilian, 1493–1495), no. 136.
Frederick’s funeral: Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 4, pp. 393–6; S. F. Hahn, Collectio Monumentorum, vol. 1 (Brunswick, 1724), pp. 784–5; Hermann Wiesflecker, KaiserMaximilianI, 4 vols (Munich, 1973–81), vol. 2, pp. 353–4.
oraison très devote: Chastellain, Chronique 1461–64, in Oeuvres, vol. 4, p. 58.
Edward’s son/ Bianca Maria: Philpot, ‘Maximilian’, p. 165 and n.; Regesta Imperii XIV, vol. 1, part ii (Oesterreich, Reich und Europa, 1493–1496), nos 2911, 2912.
witnessing grants: Regesta Imperii XIV, vol. 1, part i, nos 185, 485.
The Mass of Maximilian and Bianca Maria: Ibid., nos 477, 478.
Maximilian on nobility: Weisskunig, p. 59. On fair hair: Ibid., p. 113.
Richard on showin Antwerp, etc.: Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 5, pp. 8–16, passim; Hommel, Marguerite d’York, pp. 217–18. Regesta Imperii XIV, vol. 1, part i, no. 1059.
Henry ‘astonished’: Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 5, pp. 46–7.
‘a face of truth’: AH, p. 67.
Poynings and Warham: Ibid., pp. 69–71 n. Garter Herald: Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 5, p. 47.
Somerset’s job: Dictionary of National Biography, under ‘Somerset’, vol. 53, p. 230; PRO E 405/79, mem. 7r.
The reception scene: Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 5, pp. 49–50. ‘Terrified’: AH, p. 71.
Margaret’s study: Hommel, Marguerite d’York, p. 159.
Clifford/ Margaret: AH, pp. 68–9.
Richard’s money: BL MS Facs. 295 (c), and Plate 7; Charles Cocheteux, ‘Une monnaie attribuée à Perkin Warbeck’, Bulletins de la Société Historique et Littéraire de Tournai, vol. 4 (1856), pp. 63–8. (For specimens in England, see p. 66 n.)
Mani, Teckel, Phares: Almost the same version occurs in Brant, Ship of Fools, printed in the same year, p. 286.
Richard’s seal: Gairdner, Richard III/ Perkin Warbeck, p. 290; Madden, ‘Documents’, p. 200. Gairdner adds, neatly: ‘Thus art was not wanting to sustain the dignity of fictitious royalty.’
Marguerite d’engleterre: Weightman, Margaret of York, pp. 183, 217; ADN B2150 no. 70387.
Edward’s genealogy: Anne F. Sutton & Livia Visser-Fuchs with P. W. Hammond, The Reburial of Richard of York, 21–30 July 1476 (Richard III Society, 1996), Plate iv, p. 30.
Edward’s de facto claim: C. A. J. Armstrong, ‘The Inauguration Ceremonies of the Yorkist Kings and their Title to the Throne’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 4th Series, xxx (1948), passim.
Charles the Bold’s claims: CSPM, p. 216; Scofield, Edward IV, vol. 2, p. 24. For a good account of the precariousness of both Yorkist and Lancastrian claims, see L&P, vol. 1, pp. x–xiii.
Stoke blessings: AH, pp. 21, 27.
Image on the
tomb: Will of Henry VII (see Notes, p. 482), pp. 35–6.
Richard III on Henry’s claim: Chronicles of the White Rose, p. 280.
Beaufort doubts: J. D. Mackie, The Earlier Tudors (Oxford, 1952), p. 41 and n.; L&P, vol. 2, p. xxx and n.
Henry to the pope: CSPV, pp. 208–9.
St Cadwallader: HRHS, p. 9. The champion’s regalia: Campbell, Materials, vol. 1, pp. 3–18.
‘that Trojan blood’: HRHS, p. 68.
Winchester as Camelot: Malory, Morte Darthur, p. 48. Henry’s greyhound: PRO E 101/415/3, f. 26v. His oath: CSPS, pp. 111, 164.
Merlin’s prophecies: David Rees, The Son of Prophecy: Henry Tudor’s Road to Bosworth (Ruthin, 1997), pp. 99–102.
Welsh harpers and rhymers: EH, pp. 88, 89, 101, 111, 124, 130.
Henry VI and the ‘lad’: Vergil, Three Books, p. 135.
Her claim might not stand: Bacon, Henry VII, p. 30.
Entail of the crown: L&P, vol. 2, pp. xxx–xxxi. Papal anathema: Rymer, Foedera, vol. 12, pp. 294, 297–8.
‘recovery of our realm’: Ibid., p. 278; Campbell, Materials, vol. 1, passim.
John Swit: CSPV, p. 164; L&P, vol. 1, pp. 94–5.
Henry as Duke of York: L&P, vol. 1, pp. 388–404; Calendar of the Charter Rolls, vol. 6, 5 Henry VI–8 Henry VIII (1927), p. 271; LC, p. 202.
‘who illicitly occupies England’: Margaret to the pope, L&P, p. 396.
Maximilian to the pope: CSPV, vol. 4, pp. 482–3.
Margaret to Morton: CSPM, p. 328.
Henry seizing the crown: Richard’s Proclamation, Bacon, Henry VII, App. II, p. 252.
Margaret’s dowry: Weightman, Margaret of York, pp. 118–21, 137.
The protocols: P. Génard, ‘Marguerite d’York’, pp. 9–22; BL MS Facs 295 (a); Stadsarchief Antwerpen, ff. 134r–138v. Plate 8 shows the first page of the draft.
‘no more excuses’: Hommel, Marguerite d’York, p. 325.
Richard’s will: HHSA RR Bu KK, f. 31a, translated in Diana Kleyn, Richard of England (Oxford, 1990), App. III, pp. 193–4. (Kleyn argues, without equivocation, that the pretender was Richard, Duke of York.) Reproduced as the frontispiece to Jean-Didier Chastelain, L’imposture de Perkin Warbeck (Brussels, 1952).
The first draft: Regesta Imperii XIV, vol. 1, part i, no. 1137. Signed in Latin: Ibid., no. 1299.
