5. Wheeler to Bragg, 4:00, 30 December 1862, and 1:30 P. M., 1 January 1863, Wharton to Leonidas Polk, 6:00 P. M., 1 January 1863, Bragg's report of Murfreesboro, all in Palmer Collection of Bragg Papers; OR, 20, pt. 1, 958, 960; Fitch, Echoes of the Civil War, 91–94; Holmes, Soldier of the Cumberland, 134.
6. Scribner, How Soldiers Were Made, 81; Yaryan, “Stone River,” 170; Crittenden, “Union Left at Stone's River,” 643–44; Sheridan, Memoirs 1:236–37.
7. Wheeler, “Battle of Murfreesboro,” Wheeler Papers; Urquhart, “Bragg's Advance and Retreat,” 3:607; Buckner to Breckinridge, 20 May 1863, Breckinridge Papers, NYHS; OR, 20, pt. 1, 450, 471, 575–76, 598, 608, 691, 707; Bickham, Rosecrans’ Campaign, 297–99.
8. Liddell, Liddell's Record, 113; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, 175–76; Urquhart, “Bragg's Advance and Retreat,” 3:607; Charles T. De Velling, History of the Seventeenth Regiment, First Brigade, Third Division, Fourteenth Corps, Army of the Cumberland, War of the Rebellion (Zanesville, Ohio: E. R. Sullivan, 1889), 71; Perry, Thirty-Eighth Indiana, 63; Thruston, Battle in the Rear, 14; Beatty, Citizen Soldier, 206; Fitch, Echoes of the Civil War, 109; Nourse diary, 31 December 1862.
9. Beatty, Citizen Soldier, 206; OR, 20, pt. 1, 691; Cope, Fifteenth Ohio, 288–89.
CHAPTER FOURTEEN / THUNDER ON THE LEFT
1. Brent journal, 2 January 1863, Palmer Collection of Bragg Papers; OR, 20, pt. 1, 609, 759, 785–86, 958–61; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, 177; Green, Johnny Green, 67; Young, Reminiscences, 47; Pickett, “Reminiscences of Murfreesboro,” 452; Buckner to Breckinridge, 20 May 1863, Breckinridge Papers, NYHS; Stevenson, Stone's River, 128–30.
2. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, 177; OR, 20, pt. 1, 561–62, 576, 587, 598–99, 609–11; Stevenson, Stone's River, 130–31; Canfield, Twenty-First Ohio, 74–75.
3. Nourse diary, 2 January 1863; OR, 20 pt. 1, 471, 476; Stormont, Fifty-Eighth Indiana, 123; Beatty, Citizen Soldier, 207; Hinman, Sherman Brigade, 354–55.
4. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, 178; Brent to Pegram, 1:00 P. M., 1 January 1863, Palmer Collection of Bragg Papers; H. B. Clay, “On the Right at Murfreesboro,” CV 21, no. 12 (December 1913): 588–89; William Preston to William Preston Johnston, Barret Collection of Johnston Papers; OR, 20, pt. 1, 754–60, 798, 853.
5. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, 179–80, 200; OR, 20, pt. 1, 576–77, 587, 598–99, 610–11, 615, 853; Clay, “On the Right,” 589; Post diary, 2 January 1863; Erb, Valley of Death, 28–29; Grainger, Four Years, 14; Pickett, “Reminiscences of Murfreesboro,” 453–54.
6. Major Rice E. Graves, “Charges and Specifications of Charges Against Brigadier General Gideon J. Pillow,” Breckinridge Papers, CHS; OR, 20, pt. 1, 577, 599, 601, 604, 806, 810, 815; William McMurray, History of the Twentieth Tennessee Regiment Volunteer Infantry, C. S. A. (Nashville: The Publication Committee, 1904), 238–39.
7. Grainger, Four Years, 15–16; OR, 20, pt. 1, 798–99, 827, 833; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, 180.
8. OR, 20, pt. 1, 593, 595; Grainger, Four Years, 16.
9. OR, 20, pt. 1, 573, 599, 601; Simmons, 84th Ill., 34–35; Heg, Civil War Letters, 167.
10. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, 181–82; OR, 20, pt. 1, 451, 455–56; Buckner to Breckinridge, 20 May 1863, Breckinridge Papers, NYHS; History of the Services of the Third Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery in the Civil War of the United States, 1861–1865, Compiled from All Sources Possible, but Principally from Members Themselves (Berlin, Wis.: Courant, 1902), 17; Eby, Illinois Boy, 80; Hinman, Sherman Brigade, 535; William Preston to William Preston Johnston, 26 January 1863, Barret Collection of Johnston Papers; Squire Helm Bush diary, 2 January 1863, Hardin County Historical Society; McMurray, Twentieth Tennessee, 239–40; Richmond Examiner, 11 January 1863, in Breckinridge Papers, NYHS.
11. Wilson Vance, “A Man and a Boy at Stones River,” B and G 1 (1893): 357; OR, 20, pt. 1, 422, 427, 429, 434, 451, 518–19; Adams, Diary, 20; Joseph S. Johnston to his mother, 14 January 1863; Haynie, Nineteenth Ohio, 191; Gibson, Seventy-Eighth Pennsylvania, 62–63; Nourse diary, 2 January 1863; Grainger, Four Years, 15–16.
12. OR, 20, pt. 1, 588, 813, 817, 824, 834; Pickett, “Reminiscences of Murfreesboro,” 454; William Preston to William Preston Johnston, 26 January 1863, Barret Collection of Johnston Papers; McMurray, Twentieth Tennessee, 240.
13. OR, 20, pt. 1, 422, 434–35, 548, 588, 759, 810; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, 200; Brent journal, 2 January 1863, Palmer Collection of Bragg Papers.
14. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, 183, 200; Young, Reminiscences, 51; OR, 20, pt. 1, 679, 826.
15. OR, 20, pt. 1, 825–26; Sykes, “Bragg's Campaigns,” 472–74.
16. Beatty, Citizen Soldier, 207–8.
CHAPTER FIFTEEN / THIS ARMY SHOULD BE PROMPTLY PUT IN RETREAT
1. Horn, Army of Tennessee, 209–10; Cheatham and Withers to Bragg, 12:15 A. M., 3 January 1863, Cheatham Papers, TSLA; Polk's endorsement to Cheatham and Withers's letter to Bragg, 1:30 A. M., 3 January 1863, Polk Papers; OR, 20, pt. 1, 683, 701.
2. Horn, Army of Tennessee, 210; Cheatham's draft report of the Battle of Murfreesboro, Cheatham Papers; Hardee's report of Murfreesboro, Hardee Papers, ADAH; Liddell to his wife, 12 January 1863, Liddell Papers; Bragg's report of Murfreesboro and Brent journal, 3 January 1863, both in Palmer Collection of Bragg Papers.
3. B. F. Carter to his wife, 6 January 1863, Pope-Carter Family Papers, DU; OR, 20, pt. 2, 449; Bush diary, 3 January 1863; Bragg's report of Murfreesboro and Brent journal, 4–9 January 1863, both in Palmer Collection of Bragg Papers; Grainger, Four Years, 16–17; Green, Johnny Green, 69; S. W. Steele to Leonidas Polk, 5 January 1863, Polk Papers; Mills Lane, ed., Dear Mother: Don't Grieve About Me…Letters from Georgia Soldiers in the Civil War (Savannah: Beehive Press, 1977), 212.
4. Wheeler to Bragg, 4 January 1863, Palmer Collection of Bragg Papers; Edwin Bearss, “Cavalry Operations in the Battle of Stones River (Concluded),” THQ 19 (1960): 140–42.
5. Beatty, Citizen Soldier, 210–12; Payne, Thirty-Fourth Illinois, 57; Wagner reminiscences, CWTI Coll.; Hinman, Sherman Brigade, 357; John Russell to his sister, 14 January 1863, CWTI Coll.; Adams, Diary, 21; Elisha Peterson to his family, 10 January 1863, Peterson Papers, DU; T. F. Dornblaser, Sabre Strokes of the Pennsylvania Dragoons, in the War of 1861–1865. Interspersed with Personal Reminiscences (Philadelphia: Lutheran Publication Society, 1884), 107; Hannaford, “In the Hospital,” 262–63.
6. Abraham Lincoln, The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Roy P. Basler, 8 vols. (New Brunswick, N. J.: Rutgers University Press, 1953), 6:424, Chicago Tribune, 6 January 1863; Bickham, Rosecrans’ Campaign, 330; OR, 20, pt. 1, 186–88; Nevins, War for the Union, 3:388–95.
CHAPTER SIXTEEN / BRAGG's ARMY? HE's GOT NONE
1. William Preston to William Preston Johnston, 26 January 1863, Barret Collection of Johnston Papers; Urquhart, “Bragg's Advance and Retreat,” 608; Connelly, Autumn of Glory, 73–74.
2. Bragg to Davis, 17 January 1863, Dalton Collection of Jefferson Davis Papers, DU; Connelly, Autumn of Glory, 74–75; Urquhart, “Bragg's Advance and Retreat,” 608; OR, 20, pt. 1, 684; John K. Jackson to Bragg, 17 January 1863, Palmer Collection of Bragg Papers; Polk, Polk, 2:194–97; Bragg to Polk, 11 January 1863, Hardee to Bragg and Breckinridge to Bragg, 12 January 1863, and Cleburne to Bragg, 15 January 1863, all in Breckinridge Papers, NYHS; Nathanial C. Hughes, Jr., General William J. Hardee, Old Reliable (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1965).
3. Davis to Johnston, 22 January and 19 February 1863, and Johnston to Davis, 3 and 12 February and 2 March 1863, Johnston Papers, CWM; Polk, Polk, 2:194–97; Polk to Bragg and Bragg to Polk, 30 January 1863, Breckinridge Papers, NYHS; Connelly, Autumn of Glory, 84–87.
4. Preston to William Preston Johnston, 26 January 1863, Barret Collection of Johnston Papers; Polk, Polk, 2:372; Bragg's report of Murfreesboro and Bragg to Cooper, 9 April 1863, Palmer Collection of Bragg Papers; Howell and Elizabeth Purdue, Pat Cleburne, Confederate General (Tuscaloosa: Portals Press, 1978), 332; Liddell, Liddell's Re
cord, 118–19.
5. Gideon Pillow to William Clare, 9 March, 1863, H. W. Walter to John P. McCown, 5 June 1863, and Bragg's Report of Murfreesboro, all in Palmer Collection of Bragg Papers; OR, 23, pt. 2, 653–54, 722; Knoxville Register, 2 May 1863, in Breckinridge Papers, NYHS.
6. Bragg's report of Murfreesboro, Palmer Collection of Bragg Papers; OR, 20, pt. 1, 758–61, 790–92; Bragg to Felix Robertson, 16 February 1863, Robertson to Breckinridge, 6 April 1863, Memorandum of Bragg, 26 May 1863, George Brent to Breckinridge, 2 and 4 April 1863, Memorandum of David Urquhart, 12 June 1863, Knoxville Register, 29 April 1863, and Richmond Examiner, 27 February 1863, all in Breckinridge Papers, NYHS; Davis, Breckinridge, 350–51.
7. Connelly, Autumn of Glory, 69, 201–3, 234–78; Thomas L. Connelly and Archer Jones, The Politics of Command: Factions and Ideas in Confederate Strategy (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982), 67–72.
8. Urquhart, “Bragg's Advance and Retreat,” 609.
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