Notes
Chapter 1: Man of Blood
1 Anon., An Exact and Most Impartial Accompt of the Indictment, Arraignment, Trial, and Judgment (According to Law) of Twenty-Nine Regicides . . ., London, 1660, p. 169.
2 Rev. Francis Peck (ed.), Desiderata Curiosa, ‘Hudson’s Examination by the Committee of Parliament’, Thomas Evans in the Strand, London, 1779, p. 359.
3 Ibid., ‘Letter of Miles Corbet and Valentine Walton to Speaker Lenthall’, 11 May 1646, p. 349.
4 John Rushworth (ed.), Historical Collections of Private Passages of State, Weighty Matters of Law . . ., Vol. VI – The Scottish Leaders to Parliament, 6 May 1646, London, 1701, p. 268.
5 A. L. Rowse, The Regicides and the Puritan Revolution, Duckworth, London, 1994, pp. 13–14.
6 Edmund Ludlow, The Imprisonment & Death of King Charles I, Related by One of his Judges – Extracts from the Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow, privately printed, Edinburgh, 1882, p. 10.
7 Ibid., p. 11.
8 Ibid., p. 16.
9 Ibid., p. 19.
10 Ibid., p. 20.
11 Lucy Hutchinson, Memoirs of the Life of Colonel Hutchinson, Orion, London, 1995, p. 214.
12 Peck (ed.), Desiderata Curiosa, ‘Letter of Colonel Whalley to Speaker Lenthall’, p. 377.
13 Ibid., p. 374.
14 Ibid., p. 375.
15 Ibid., p. 376.
16 Ibid.
17 Ann Geneva, Astrology and the Seventeenth-century Mind: William Lilly and the language of the stars, Manchester University Press, 1995, p. 212.
18 Tristram Hunt, The English Civil War at First Hand, London, 2002, p. 164.
19 John Fox, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), Jane Whorwood, quoting the diarist Anthony Wood.
20 John Fox, ‘Jane Whorwood: The King’s Smuggler’, History Today, January 2010.
21 C. H. Firth (ed.), The Clarke Papers, Vol. I, Camden Society, 1891, p. 325.
22 Ibid., p. 254.
23 Ibid., p. 256.
24 Earl of Clarendon, The History of the Rebellion: A New Selection, edited by Paul Seaward, Oxford, 2009, p. 323.
25 Hutchinson, Colonel Hutchinson, p. 225.
26 Rowse, Regicides, p. 15.
27 Ludlow, Imprisonment & Death, pp. 53–4.
28 Firth (ed.), Clarke Papers, pp. 227–78.
29 Ludlow, Imprisonment & Death, p. 33.
30 Hutchinson, Colonel Hutchinson, p. 231.
31 M. Sylvester (ed.), Reliquiae Baxteraniae, London, 1696, p. 54.
32 Anon., Twenty-Nine Regicides, p. 54 (a).
33 Clarendon, Rebellion, p. 330.
34 Ibid., p. 328.
35 Anon., Twenty-Nine Regicides, p. 2.
36 John Jesse, Memoirs of the Court of England: During the Reigns of the Stuarts, Vol. II, 1899, p. 256.
Chapter 2: A King on Trial
1 Roger Lockyer (ed.), The Trial of Charles I: A Contemporary Account taken from the Memoirs of Sir Thomas Herbert and John Rushworth, Folio Press, 1974, p. 76.
2 Samuel Rawson Gardiner (ed.), The Constitutional Documents of the Puritan Revolution, 1625–1660, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1906, p. 357.
3 Clarendon, Rebellion, p. 326.
4 John Alvis (ed.), Areopagitica and other Political Writings of John Milton, Liberty Fund Press, Indianapolis, 1999.
5 Clarendon, Rebellion, p. 326.
6 Anon., Twenty-Nine Regicides, p. 106.
7 Margo Todd, DNB, Isaac Dorislaus, quoting ‘Letters of Wren’ from the National Archives.
8 Sean Kelsey, DNB, Nicholas Love, quoting Bodl. Oxf. MS Clarendon 34, fol. 17v.
9 Rowse, Regicides, p. 118.
10 Ibid., p. 119.
11 Mercurius Pragmaticus, pp. 36–7, 5–12, December 1648.
12 Mark Noble, Memoirs of the Protectoral-House of Cromwell, Vol. I, London, 1798, p. 373.
13 Rowse, Regicides, p. 90.
14 Clarendon, Rebellion, p. 334.
15 John Aubrey, Brief Lives, St Edmondsbury Press, Bury St Edmunds, 1998, p. 195.
16 Ibid.
17 Sarah Barber, DNB, Henry Marten.
18 Anon., Twenty-Nine Regicides, p. 248.
19 Jonathan Scott, DNB, Algernon Sidney, quoting from Sidney Papers, ed. R. Blencowe (1825), pp. 236–9.
20 For the full wording of the Dutch Act of Abjuration see: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1581dutch.asp
21 Gardiner (ed.), Constitutional Documents, p. 371.
22 Anon., Twenty-Nine Regicides, p. 248.
23 Rowse, Regicides, p. 70.
24 Anon., A Perfect Narrative of the Whole Proceedings of the High Court of Justice, licensed by Gibbert Mabbot, London, 1649, p. 995.
25 Ibid.
26 Ludlow, Imprisonment & Death, p. 62.
27 C. V. Wedgwood, A King Condemned: The Trial and Execution of Charles I, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, p. 131.
28 Anon., Twenty-Nine Regicides, p. 190.
29 Ibid.
30 Interchange between Charles I and Lord President Bradshaw in Anon., Perfect Narrative, pp. 995–7.
31 Ludlow, Imprisonment & Death, p. 56.
32 Book of Numbers, chapter 35, verse 33.
33 Ludlow, Imprisonment & Death, p. 56.
34 Hutchinson, Colonel Hutchinson, p. 234.
35 T. B. Howell, A Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason and other Crimes and Misdemeanors, Vol. IV, T. C. Hansard, London, 1816, p. 1128.
36 Edmund Ludlow, Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow, Vol. I, London, 1771, Appendix, p. 17.
37 Howell, Complete Collection of State Trials, Vol. IV, p. 1017.
38 Clarendon, Rebellion, p. 336.
39 Ludlow, Imprisonment & Death, p. 17.
40 Agnes Strickland, Lives of the Queens of England, from the Norman Conquest, Vol. 4, James Miller, New York, 1843, p. 126.
41 Anon., Account of Charles I’s Conduct on the Scaffold from: King Charles His Execution, printed by Peter Cole, London, 1649.
42 Mark Noble (ed.), The Lives of the English Regicides, Vol. I, John Stockdale, London, 1798, p. xxxiv.
Chapter 3: The Republic
1 Noble (ed.), Lives of the English Regicides, p. xxxiii.
2 E. S. de Beer (ed.), The Diary of John Evelyn, Oxford University Press, 1959, pp. 275–6.
3 Clarendon, Rebellion, p. 333.
4 Bulstrode Whitlocke, Memorials of the English Affairs from the Beginning of the Reign of Charles the First, Vol. 3 of 4, General Books, Memphis, 2010, p. 43.
5 Ibid., p. 51.
6 Ibid., p. 34.
7 Anthony Wood, Athenae Oxonienses, Vol. III, London, 1817, p. 667.
8 Clement Walker (writing as ‘Theodorus Verax’), Anarchia Anglicana, 1649, p. 173.
9 Whitlocke, Memorials, pp. 21–2.
10 Thomas Carte, A Collection of Original Letters and Papers concerning the Affairs of England, from the Year 1641 to 1660, Vol. I, Society for the Encouragement of Learning, London, p. 291.
11 Ludlow, Memoirs, Vol. I, p. 251.
12 Declaration on their Just Resentment of the Horrid Murther of Isaac Dorislaus, Acts of Parliament (1648–50), 1.92.
13 De Beer, Diary of John Evelyn, p. 556.
14 Anon., A Salt Teare: or, the Weeping Onion at the Lamentable Funerall of Dr Dorislaus, London, 1649.
15 Anthony Ascham, A Discourse, wherein is examined what is particularly lawfull during the Confusions and Revolutions of Government, 1648.
16 Calendar of State Papers, 16 January 1650.
17 Clarendon State Papers, 4 June 1650.
18 Alvis (ed.), ‘Second Defence of the People of England’, Areopagitica, p. 381.
19 Ibid., p. 382.
20 Whitlocke, Memorials, p. 14.
21 Peck (ed.), Desiderata Curiosa, Lib. XIII, p. 485 fn.
22 Ibid., p. 486.
23 Ibid.
24 Ibid., p. 488.
25 Whitlocke, Memorials, p. 41.
26 Ibid., p. 14.
27 Andrew J. Hopper, DNB, Isaac Ewer.<
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28 Christopher Durston, DNB, John Hewson.
29 Ludlow, Memoirs, Vol. I, p. 215.
30 De Beer, Diary of John Evelyn, p. 279.
31 Oliver Cromwell to the Honorable John Bradshaw, 16 September, 1649: www.olivercromwell.org/letters_and_speeches/letters/Letter_105.pdf
32 Hutchinson, Colonel Hutchinson, p. 182.
Chapter 4: A New Monarchy
1 C. H. Firth (ed.), The Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow, Vol. II, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1894, p. 9.
2 Hutchinson, Colonel Hutchinson, p. 239.
3 Ibid., p. 249.
4 Book of Revelation, chapter 13, verse 1.
5 Rowse, Regicides, p. 57, quoting from Richard Baxter’s Reliquiae Baxterianae.
6 Hutchinson, Colonel Hutchinson, p. 243.
7 Ibid.
8 Firth (ed.), Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow, p. 352.
9 Ibid., p. 7.
10 Ibid.
11 Paul M. Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of British Sea Mastery, A. Lane, London, 1976, p. 48.
12 De Beer, Diary of John Evelyn, p. 323.
13 Hutchinson, Colonel Hutchinson, p. 257.
14 Ibid., p. 246.
15 Ibid., p. 257.
16 Townsend’s Annals, MS, p. 285; Prattenton’s Coll., Society of Antiquaries.
17 Bodl. Oxf., MS Rawl. A 34, fol. 395.
18 Book of Leviticus, chapter 24, verse 14.
19 Thomas Burton, Diary of Thomas Burton, Vol. I, London, 1828, p. 52.
20 Hutchinson, Colonel Hutchinson, p. 256.
21 Ibid., pp. 256–7.
22 Clarendon State Papers, III, p. 327.
23 Firth (ed.), Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow, p. 21.
24 Ibid., p. 24.
25 Ibid., p. 25.
26 Ibid., p. 27.
27 Clarendon, Rebellion, p. 385.
28 Burton, Diary, Vol. II, p. 388.
29 Ibid., pp. 387–8.
30 Noble, Memoirs of the Protectoral-House, Vol. I, p. 279.
31 De Beer, Diary of John Evelyn, pp. 394–5.
22 Weekly Intelligencer, 1–8 November 1659, London, p. 212.
33 David Farr, John Lambert, Parliamentary Soldier and Cromwellian Major-general, 1619–1684, Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 2003, p. 200.
34 Whitlocke, Memorials, p. 49.
35 Firth (ed.), Clarke Papers, p. 110.
36 Clarendon, Rebellion, p. 407.
Chapter 5: The Word of a King
1 Clarendon, Rebellion, p. 382.
2 Calendar of State Papers Domestic, 1654–55, p. 341.
3 Clarendon, Rebellion, p. 414.
4 Farr, John Lambert, p. 211.
5 Firth (ed.), Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow, p. 257.
6 Noble, Memoirs of the Protectorate-House, Vol. I, p. 368.
7 Journals of the House of Commons, Vols 8–11, Henry Hughes, London, 1780, p. 829.
8 Hutchinson, Colonel Hutchinson, pp. 273–4.
9 Anon., Twenty-Nine Regicides, pp. 86 and 87.
10 Ibid., p. 265.
11 Gardiner (ed.), Constitutional Documents, p. 465.
12 Clarendon, Rebellion, p. 393.
13 Ibid., p. 418.
14 Rowse, Regicides, p. 49.
15 Journals of the House of Commons, Vol. 8, 14 May 1660.
16 C. H. Simkinson, Thomas Harrison, Regicide and Major-General, J. M. Dent, London, 1905, p. 222.
17 Firth (ed.), Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow, p. 269.
18 Journals of the House of Commons, Vol. 8, 11 May 1660.
19 Ibid., 21 May 1660.
20 Firth (ed.), Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow, p. 316.
21 Rowse, Regicides, p. 144.
22 J. T. Peacey, DNB, Gregory Clements.
23 Firth (ed.), Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow, p. 272.
24 Journals of the House of Commons, Vol. 8, 31 May 1660.
25 Proclamation of King Charles, Whitehall, 6 June 1660.
26 Journals of the House of Commons, Vol. 8, 9 June 1660.
27 Hutchinson, Colonel Hutchinson, p. 280.
28 Ibid.
29 Anon., Coll. Henry Marten’s Letters to His Lady of Delight, Oxford, 1663, p. 26.
30 Anon., Twenty-Nine Regicides, p. 89.
31 Journals of the House of Commons, Vol. 8, 9 June 1660.
32 Hutchinson, Colonel Hutchinson, p. 282.
33 Ibid., p. 284.
34 Ibid., p. 282.
35 Journals of the House of Commons, Vol. 8, p. 97.
36 Anon., Twenty-Nine Regicides, p. 65.
37 The National Archives, PRO, SP 29/71, fol. 20.
38 Hutchinson, Colonel Hutchinson, p. 287.
Chapter 6: A Bloody Sacrifice
1 A. B. Worden (ed.), A Voyce From The Watch Tower, Part Five: 1660–1662, Royal Historical Society, London, 1978, p. 258.
2 Ibid., p. 266.
3 Anon., Twenty-Nine Regicides, p. 232.
4 Geoffrey Robertson, The Tyrannicide Brief, Chatto & Windus, London, 2005, p. 286.
5 Anon., Coll. Henry Marten’s Letters, p. 2.
6 Ibid., p. 3.
7 Ibid., pp. 3–4.
8 Ibid., p. 4.
9 A. L. Rowse, Four Caroline Portraits, Duckworth, London, 1993, p. 65, quoting from John Aubrey.
10 Anon., Coll. Henry Marten’s Letters, p. 6 [Letter 2].
11 Ibid., p. 7 [Letter 6].
12 Ibid., p. 19 [Letter 18].
13 Ibid., p. 14 [Letter 10] and p. 58 [Letter 70].
14 Ibid., p. 66 [Letter 80].
15 Ibid.
16 Ludlow, Memoirs, Vol. II, p. 302.
17 Hutchinson, Colonel Hutchinson, p. 286.
18 Louis A. Knafla, DNB, Sir Geoffrey Palmer.
19 Sir William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, Book III, 1765, p. 55.
20 Anon., Twenty-Nine Regicides, p. 9.
21 Ibid.
22 Ibid., p. 15.
23 Ibid., p. 10.
24 Ibid., p. 15.
25 Ibid., p. 10.
26 Ibid., p. 15.
27 Ibid., pp. 14–15.
28 Ibid., p. 15.
29 Ibid., p. 17.
30 Ibid.
31 Samuel Pepys, Diary of Samuel Pepys, 10 October 1660, www.pepysdiary.com.
32 Anon., Twenty-Nine Regicides, p. 37.
33 Ibid., p. 39.
34 Ibid., p. 42.
35 Firth (ed.), Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow, p. 304.
36 Anon., Twenty-Nine Regicides, p. 44.
37 Ibid., p. 46.
38 Ibid., p. 48.
39 Ibid., p. 49.
40 Ibid., p. 50.
41 Ibid., p. 54.
42 Ibid.
43 Ibid., p. 55.
44 Ibid., p. 56.
45 Ibid.
Chapter 7: Men of God
1 Robertson, Tyrannicide Brief, p. 286.
2 Howell, Complete Collection of State Trials, Vol. V, p. 687.
3 The Earl of Clarendon, History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, Vol. II (of II), Oxford University Press, London, 1893, p. 852.
4 Noble (ed.), Lives of the English Regicides, Vol. I, pp. 335–6.
5 Firth (ed.), Memoirs of Ludlow, p. 304.
6 Worden (ed.), A Voyce From The Watch Tower, p. 215.
7 Simkinson, Harrison, p. 269.
8 Robertson, Tyrannicide Brief, p. 326.
9 Pepys, Diary, 13 October 1660.
10 Anon., Twenty-Nine Regicides, p. 100.
11 Ibid., p. 100.
12 Ibid.
13 Rowse, Regicides, p. 65.
14 Ibid.
15 Book of Revelation, Chapter 20, Verse 4.
16 Rowse, Regicides, p. 66.
17 Anon., Twenty-Nine Regicides, p. 76.
18 Ibid., p. 79.
19 Ibid., p. 81.
20 Firth (ed.), Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow, p. 305.
21 Anon., Twenty-Nine Regicides, p. 81.
22 Rowse, Regicides, p. 67.
23 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1625–49, p. 175.
24 Nathaniel B. Shurtlett (ed.),
Records of the Governor and Company of the Mass. Bay in New England, Vol. I, Boston, 1853–4, pp. 10 and 12.
25 Eleanor Bradley Peters, Hugh Peter: Preacher, Patriot, Philanthropist, New York, 1909, p. 68.
26 John Winthrop, Journal of John Winthrop, 1630–1649, Massachusetts Historical Society, 1996, p. 346.
27 Peters, Hugh Peter, p. 72.
28 Ibid., p. 68.
29 Anon., Twenty-Nine Regicides, p. 166.
30 Guy de la Bedoyere (ed.), The Diary of John Evelyn, The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 1995, p. 68.
31 Anon., Twenty-Nine Regicides, pp. 167–8.
32 Pepys, Diary, 7 March 1662.
33 Peters, Hugh Peter, p. 86.
34 Anon., Twenty-Nine Regicides, p. 162.
35 Ibid.
36 Ibid.
37 Peters, Hugh Peter, p. 69.
38 Ibid., p. 70.
39 Ibid., p. 71.
40 Anon., Twenty-Nine Regicides, p. 30.
41 Ibid., p. 153.
42 Ibid., p. 158.
43 Ibid., p. 163.
44 Ibid., p. 159.
45 Ibid., p. 181.
46 Ibid., p. 160.
47 Worden (ed.), A Voyce From The Watch Tower, p. 230.
Chapter 8: A Time to Die
1 Anon., A Compleat Collection of the Lives, Speeches, and Prayers of those persons lately executed, London, 1660, p. 30.
2 Robertson, Tyrannicide Brief, p. 336.
3 Ibid., p. 337.
4 Worden (ed.), A Voyce From The Watch Tower, p. 240.
5 Ibid., p. 249.
6 Ibid., p. 242.
7 Ibid., pp. 243–4.
8 Ibid., p. 247.
9 Ibid., p. 246.
10 Ibid., p. 247.
11 Ibid.
12 Anon., Twenty-Nine Regicides, p. 68.
13 Ibid., p. 63.
14 Ibid., p. 71.
15 Hutchinson, Colonel Hutchinson, p. 284.
16 Worden (ed.), A Voyce From The Watch Tower, p. 249.
17 Ibid.
18 Ibid., p. 265.
19 Anon., Twenty-Nine Regicides, p. 276.
20 Firth (ed.), Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow, p. 320.
21 Anon., Twenty-Nine Regicides, p. 218.
22 Hutchinson, Colonel Hutchinson, p. 282.
23 Anon., Twenty-Nine Regicides, p. 226.
24 Worden (ed.), A Voyce From The Watch Tower, p. 257.
25 Ibid.
26 Ibid., p. 264.
27 Ibid., p. 260.
28 Ibid., p. 262.
29 Anon., Twenty-Nine Regicides, p. 287.
30 De Beer, Diary of John Evelyn, p. 412.
Chapter 9: Surrender or Else
1 Firth (ed.), Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow, p. 275.
2 Wilbur Cortez Abbott (ed.), Writings and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell, Oxford University Press, USA, 1989, Vol. 4, p. 266.
3 Firth (ed.), Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow, p. 278.
Killers of the King Page 33
