5. Tim O’Riordan et al., ‘Designing Sustainable Coastal Futures’, 21st Century Society 3 (2008).
6. Padeep Pall et al., ‘Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Contribution to Flood Risk in England and Wales in Autumn 2000’, Nature 470 (17 February 2011).
7. Crichton, ‘Insurance and Climate Change’.
8. Sue Roaf et al., Adapting Buildings and Cities for Climate Change (Oxford: Elsevier, 2005).
9. See DEFRA, ‘Making Space for Water’; www.defra.gov.uk/ environ/fcd/policy/strategy.htm.
10. O’Riordan et al., ‘Designing Sustainable Coastal Futures’, pp. 152–5.
11. Helmut Kesting, Hedging Climate Change (Munich: Allianz Economic Research, 2007).
12. Ibid., p. 202.
13. Moira Herbert, ‘A New Kind of First Responder’, Bloomberg Businessweek (28 February 2008).
14. J. Timmons Roberts and Bradley C. Parks, A Climate of Injustice (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007).
15. Daniel Osgood et al., ‘Integrating Seasonal Forecasts and Insurance for Adaptation Among Subsistence Farmers’ (Washington, DC: World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 2008).
16. UNDP Human Development Report, Risk, Vulnerability and Adap tation in Bangladesh (Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies, 2007).
Chapter 8 International Negotiations, the EU and Carbon Markets
1. John Carey, ‘Russia’s Path to Kyoto’, Business Week (1 October 2004).
2. Robert Henson, The Rough Guide to Climate Change (London: Rough Guides, 2008), pp. 292–3.
3. David G. Victor, ‘Fragmented Carbon Markets and Reluctant Nations’, in Joseph E. Aldy and Robert N. Stavins (eds), Architectures for Agreement (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), p. 149.
4. Rachmat Witoelar, ‘Address to Closing Plenary’, UN Climate Change Conference, Bali, 2007.
5. Oliver Tickell, ‘The “Bali Roadmap”’, in Was Bali a Success? Open Democracy (online) (18 December 2007).
6. Trevor Houser, ‘Copenhagen, the Accord, and the Way Forward’, Peterson Institute for International Economics. Washington, DC (March 2010).
7. Per Meilstrup, ‘The Runaway Summit’, Monday Morning (a Danish think-tank), available online. I draw heavily upon this account here, because of its authoritative nature.
8. Quoted in Meilstrup, ‘The Runaway Summit’, p. 114.
9. Both quotes from Michael McCarthy, ‘At Last, the Climate Changes’, Independent (12 December 2010).
10. Kevin Anderson, ‘Response to Cancun’, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research (9 February 2011), pp. 1–2.
11. Quoted in James Randerson, ‘Top Scientists Warn Against Rush to Biofuels’, Guardian (25 March 2008).
12. Quoted in ‘EU Emissions Trading Scheme’, EurActiv.com (February 2008), p. 3.
13. See Donald MacKenzie, Making Things the Same (Edinburgh: School of Social and Political Studies, 2008); and ‘Constructing Emissions Markets’, in Material Markets (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), ch. 7. I draw extensively upon his excellent discussion in what follows.
14. Denny Ellerman et al., Markets for Clean Air (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000).
15. Denny Ellerman and Barbara Buchner, Over-allocation or Abatement, Report no. 141 (Cambridge, MA: MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2006).
16. For a useful survey, see Ricardo Bayon et al., Voluntary Carbon Markets (London: Earthscan, 2008).
17. Nathaniel Gronewald, ‘Chicago Climate Exchange Closes’, New York Times (3 January 2011).
Chapter 9 The Geopolitics of Climate Change
1. Peter Halden, The Geopolitics of Climate Change (Stockholm: Swedish Defence Research Agency, 2007).
2. Anup Shah, ‘Dominance and Change in the Arctic’, Global Issues (June 2010), p. 1.
3. Halden, The Geopolitics of Climate Change, pp. 150–8.
4. See Gerard Prunier, Darfur, the Ambiguous Genocide (London: Hurst, 2005).
5. US Department of Defense, Military Power of the People’s Republic of China (Washington, DC: Office of the Secretary of Defense, 2006).
6. Michael Klare, ‘The New Geopolitics of Energy’, The Nation (19 May 2008), p. 3. See also Michael Klare, Rising Powers, Shrinking Planet (New York: Holt, 2008).
7. Department of the Navy, A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower (Washington, DC: Department of the Navy, 2007).
8. Klare, ‘The New Geopolitics of Energy’.
9. Robert Kagan, The Return of History and the End of Dreams (London: Atlantic, 2008).
10. Ibid., p. 3.
11. Ibid., p. 77.
12. David Hannay, New World Disorder (London: Tauris, 2008), p. 75.
13. Ibid., p. 300.
14. When Condoleezza Rice was set to replace Colin Powell as US Secretary of State, she remarked that the foreign policy of the Bush administration would ‘proceed from the firm ground of national interest, not from the interests of an illusory international community’. Quoted in Louis Klarevas, ‘Political Realism’, Harvard International Review 26 (2004), p. 2.
15. Paul Collier, The Bottom Billion (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), p. 3.
16. Ibid.
17. Transparency International: Corruption Perceptions Index, 2010. Available online.
18. Ibid., pp. 74–5.
19. Thomas Friedman, Hot, Flat and Crowded (London: Allen Lane, 2008), pp. 82–110.
20. Ibid., pp. 94–5.
21. Michael Ross, ‘Oil, Islam and Women’, American Political Science Review 43 (2008).
22. Pavel Baev et al., Pipelines, Politics and Power (London: Centre for European Reform, 2008).
23. Carlo Carraro, ‘Incentives and Institutions’, in Joseph E. Aldy and Robert N. Stavins (eds), Architectures for Agreement (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), pp. 164–5.
24. C. Egenhofer et al., quoted in ibid., p. 165.
25. Major Economic Forum on Energy and Climate: Technology Plans (MEF, 2009). Available online.
26. Manish Kumar Shrivastava and Nitu Goel, ‘Shaping the Architecture of Future Climate Governance: Perspectives from the South’, in Frank Biesman et al. (eds), Global Climate Governance Beyond 2012 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010).
27. Klare, Rising Powers, pp. 244–61.
28. Remarks of Senator Joseph Lieberman to the Council on Foreign Relations: ‘China/US Energy Policies: A Choice of Cooperation or Collision’, Washington, DC (2 December 2005); quoted in Klare, Rising Powers, p. 245.
29. ‘“No Time to Delay” for US–China Climate Agreement’, Business Green (17 January 2011). Available online.
30. ‘Climate Change and Energy: Climate Change in Brazil’, Science and Development Network. Available online.
31. Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, quoted in ‘Floods in Brazil Point to Climate Change: Lula’, The ARY news (12 May 2009) . Available online.
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