by Terry Golway
Bound Brook, New Jersey, 120
Brandywine Creek, Pennsylvania, 4, 136-40, 147, 148, 154
Battle of, 220
Breed’s Hill, 55
Britain:
loyalty of colonists to, 67-68
Parliament, see Parliament, British
taxation of the colonies, 18, 23-28, 29, 38, 40
Brooklyn Heights, New York, 79, 80
Brown, Moses, 70
Brown family (of Rhode Island), 15
Bucks County, Pennsylvania, 163
Bunch of Grapes, 78
Bunker Hill, 55, 56, 99, 260
Burgoyne, General John, 52, 55, 132
Burke, Andrew, 298
Burke, Edmund, 48-49
Burke, Thomas, 292
Cadwalader, Colonel John, 108, 114, 169
Caesar, Gaius Julius, 2-3, 4, 21, 29, 40, 89
Caldwell, Hannah, 220
Caldwell, James, 220-21
Camden, South Carolina, 4, 5, 226-27, 231, 232, 233, 239, 261, 265, 266, 267, 280
Rawdon’s evacuation of, 270-71
Canada, 72, 80, 132, 169
Carrington, Colonel Edward, 240-41
Catawba River, 249
Chadd’s Ford, Pennsylvania, 136-38
Charleston, South Carolina, 5, 80, 89, 241
American control of, 302, 303
British evacuation of, 302
as British stronghold, 274, 275, 279, 280, 284, 289, 295, 296, 298, 299, 300, 301
Rawdon’s retreat to, 270-71, 277
siege outside, 216-17
surrender of American garrison at, 220, 231, 233
Charlotte, North Carolina, 238, 239
Cheraw Hill, South Carolina, 241, 243
Chester County, Pennsylvania, 163
Chew, Benjamin, 146
Chew House, 146
Church, Dr. Benjamin, 64
Church of England, 13
Civil War, The (Julius Caesar), 4
civil war in the South, 233, 235, 240, 273, 277-78, 285, 289, 292-93
Clark, John, Jr., 157, 158
Clinton, General Henry, 52, 55, 173-75, 179-80, 202, 223
Benedict Arnold and, 225
Monmouth, Battle of, 176-77
replaces Howe, 169, 173
return to New York, 220, 221, 222, 224
war in the South and, 208-209, 215, 216, 265
Coffin, Major John, 281
Coldstream Guards, 177
Commentaries (Blackstone), 23, 29
Congaree River, 271, 275
Congress, 84, 128-29
Board of War, 156, 160, 168, 169, 234, 235, 290
Continental army and, 96-97, 121-24, 152, 153, 154-58, 199, 226
delegation of powers to Washington, 109-10
du Coudray appointment, 129-32
expiring enlistments, 65, 69
military strategy, 92-93
promotions, 5, 6, 8, 9, 85, 122-23, 300
the quartermaster general and, 164-66, 183, 196-97, 204-205, 211
recruitment, 69, 71
supplying of, 69, 123, 160, 196-97, 215, 234, 314
du Coudray appointment and, 130-31
end of the war declared by, 303
First Continental Congress, 41, 44, 55
flees Philadelphia, 105, 125, 141, 143, 305
Nathanael Greene and, see Greene, Nathanael, Congress and
taxation powers, lack of, 308
Connecticut Farms, New Jersey, 220
Constitution, Fort, see Lee, Fort (earlier named Fort Constitution) Continental army, 58-60
anti-elitist attitude of soldiers, 58-59
black soldiers in, 60, 185-86, 191, 296-98, 300
Congress and, see Congress, Continental army and
creation of, on June 14, 17-75, 55
discipline, 59, 74, 78, 170, 177, 227
expiring enlistments, 65, 68-70, 73, 108, 112, 113-14, 119
express riders, 183, 211, 229
Greene’s role in, see Greene, Nathanael illnesses affecting, 86-87, 90, 290, 301
army hospitals, 97, 290
dysentery, 62, 290
smallpox, 119
mutiny, on verge of, 219-20, 300, 305
promotion, congressional powers of, 5, 6, 8, 9, 85, 122-23, 300
quartermaster general’s department and, 166-67, 170-73, 180, 193-94, 212, 216, 217, 225-26
commissions earned, 167, 193, 198-99, 203, 204
see also Greene, Nathanael, as quartermaster general
recruitment, 69-70, 71, 12, 5
reorganized army of January 17-76, 72-73
sectionalism and, 60, 61
southern army, see Continental army, southern army
supplying of, 5, 59, 64, 69, 70, 121, 123, 154, 227-28
responsibility transferred from Congress to the states, 21, 5, 225
southern campaign, see Continental army, southern army
at Valley Forge, 159-64, 198, 303
see also Greene, Nathanael, as quartermaster general
Washington and, see Washington, George
weather conditions and suffering of, 71, 159, 160-61, 213-15
see also individual battles
Continental army, southern army:
command changes, 5-6, 8-10, 226, 230, 238-39
differences between southern and northern war, 231-32
Greene as commander of, 5-6, 8-11, 230-303
assignment, 230
civilian government, restoration of, 272-73
diplomacy, 241, 273, 292-93
end of southern campaign, 302-304
logistical challenges, 238, 241
personal leadership, role of, 234
reputation and honors, 277, 285-86, 287, 291, 303, 305, 307
strategy, 231-32, 241-42, 249, 250-54, 255-60, 263-64, 267-68, 271, 276, 280, 284-85, 295-96, 302-303
"war of the posts," 271-72
illnesses affecting, 289-90, 301
supplying of, 232, 233, 234-36, 239, 240-41, 264, 265, 266, 290-91
barter, 290
movement toward Virginia supply centers, 249
see also individual battles
Continental dollar, depreciation of, 5, 166, 196, 197, 198, 203, 209, 211, 219
Conway, General Thomas, 144, 155, 157, 168, 169
as army’s inspector general, 156
Cooke, Nicholas, 55, 5, 9, 62, 63, 79, 82, 114, 121-22
Cornwallis, Lord Charles, 3, 114, 139
assessment of Greene, 244
described, 104
Fort Mercer and, 151
Germantown and, 147
Monmouth, Battle of, 176-77
New Jersey advance, 103-104, 114-15
Philadelphia’s occupation and, 143
Cornwallis, Lord Charles (cont’d)
war in the South and, 4-5, 9, 209, 220, 227, 231, 233, 241, 244, 245, 248-66, 270, 276, 278-79
Guilford Court House, Battle of, 255-60, 265
supply lines, 248, 249, 252, 253, 254, 257, 261
Yorktown, 262, 279, 280, 285, 287, 289
winter of 17-77, 120
Coventry, Rhode Island, 30, 37
Cowpens, South Carolina, 246-47, 255, 276
Cox, John, 166, 167, 170, 198
Crisis, The (Paine), 106
Dan River, 238, 250, 251 52, 253, 276
Dartmouth, Lord, 36
Davie, Colonel William, 240-41, 268, 270
Deane, Barnabas, 203, 216, 308
Deane, Silas, 129, 130, 131
Declaration of Independence, 87
Declaratory Act, 27
Deep River, 254
Delaware, 235
Delaware River, 149-50, 305
Clinton’s army, crossing by, 173-74
crossings by Continental troops, 106, 110, 112, 151, 152
de Saxe, Maurice, 29
d’Estaing, Admiral Charles, 180, 184-92, 208
Dorchester, South Carolina, 295
Dorchester Heights, Massachusetts, 75
Drafter’s L
etters, The (Swift), 23
du Coudray, Phillippe Tronson, 129-32, 135
Dudley, Colonel (Greene aide), 271
Dudsington, Lieutenant William, 32-37
East Greenwich, Rhode Island, 28
East India Company, 40
East River, 79, 80, 82, 88, 91, 93, 94
Elizabeth Town, New Jersey, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224
Elliott, Jane Reily, 302
Emerson, William, 54
England, see Britain
espionage, 64, 223, 230, 239, 255
Essay en Human Understanding (Locke), 22-23
Eutaw Springs, Battle of, 280-85, 288, 290
Ewing, General James, 108, 110
Falmouth, Maine, 71
Ferguson, Patrick, 235
First Continental Congress, 41, 44, 55
Fitzgerald, Edward, 115
forts, see names of individual forts
Fortune (merchant vessel), 33-34, 36, 38
Fort Watson, South Carolina, 266
Fox, Charles James, 260
Fox, George, 20
France, 5, 68
alliance with U,S,, 173, 180, 220, 228
fleet in Newport, 242, 245
Rhode Island campaign, 183-92
treaty, 169
Yorktown and, 280, 285, 296
Franklin, Benjamin, 42-43, 69, 311
Fraunces Tavern, 306
Frederick the Great, 2-3, 29, 40, 117
French and Indian War, 23, 28, 49, 61, 65, 238
Gage, General Thomas, 41, 45, 46, 47, 48, 65
Gaspee, HMS, 32, 33-34, 35-38
Gates, General Horatio, 4, 6, 8, 75, 105, 132, 169, 238-39
as adjutant general, 57, 65, 66
as commander of southern army, 4, 5, 9, 226-27, 230, 232, 238-39
replacement of Washington, spoken of as, 148-49, 155, 156-57, 168, 169
Saratoga and, 4, 143, 148-49, 155, 157, 168, 227
War Board and, 156
George III, King, 36-37, 38, 46, 67, 71, 87, 104
Rhode Island renounces allegiance to, 82
Georgetown, South Carolina, 274, 275
Georgia, 263, 264, 265-66, 278
civil authority in, 232, 272, 273
gift of land to Greene, 300, 310, 312
proposal to enlist blacks from, 296-98
Germain, Lord George, 25, 3
Germantown, Pennsylvania, 4, 143
Battle of, 143-49, 154
Gibraltar, 208
Gorton, Samuel, 13-14
Granby, Fort, 272
Greene, Catherine (daughter), 312
Greene, Catherine Littlefield (Caty) (wife), 88, 197, 303
debts from war years, 315
described, 7-8, 42, 83, 159, 301
education of, 43, 53, 127
health of, 5, 125, 126, 180, 184, 187, 191, 192, 194, 196, 206-207, 301, 302, 310, 312, 313
lovers after Nathanael’s death, 158, 314
as mother, 74, 8, 3-84, 141, 158, 194-95, 216
Deborah Olney and, 242-43
relationship with Nathanael, 9-11, 42, 55, 79, 83, 84, 126, 127-28, 140-41, 184, 185, 206-207
after the war, 306-13
at camp in Middlebrook, 128, 196, 200, 206, 208
correspondence, 7, 10, 52-53, 63-64, 106, 109, 112, 113, 118, 124-25, 126, 127-28, 1, 32, 136, 137, 1, 39, 150-51, 174, 180, 187, 200, 206-208, 221-22, 228, 229, 243, 260, 277-78
death of Nathanael, 313-14
reunited after Yorktown victory, 294 95, 299, 300, 304
wedding, 43
at winter quarters, 7, 9, 10, 74-7, 5, 78, 158- 59, 169, 174, 194-96, 206, 208, 210-11, 218
George Washington and, 74, 78, 83, 195, 196, 200, 206, 208, 242-43, 294-95
Greene, Catherine Ray, 42-43, 53, 69
Greene, Christopher (brother), 30, 118, 158, 172
Greene, Christopher (cousin), 60, 150, 151, 185-86, 191
Greene, Cornelia Lott (daughter), 192, 194, 195, 206, 210, 307-308
Greene, Elihue (brother), 158
Greene, Fort, 82
Greene, George Washington (grandson), 18-19, 21, 22, 184, 185, 200
Greene, George Washington (son), 6, 8, 74, 83-84, 141, 158, 187, 194-95, 196, 210, 294, 29, 9
Greene, Griffin (cousin), 39, 178, 200, 204, 299
Nathanael as quartermaster general and, 171, 172
Greene, Jacob (brother), 6, 14, 52, 53, 70, 74, 96, 129, 158, 159, 308
correspondence with Nathanael, 54-55, 56, 178-79
Nathanael as quartermaster and the family business, 171-73
Greene, Dr. John (great-great-grandfather), 12, 13- 14
Greene, Louisa (daughter), 310
Greene, Martha Washington (daughter), 6, 124, 141, 158, 184, 185, 187, 194-95, 210
health of, 158, 206
Greene, Mary Motte (mother), 12, 20
Greene, Nathanael:
ambitiousness, 2, 85, 157
ancestry, 12-13
birth of, 12
as businessman, 1, 28, 29, 34, 36, 37, 57, 202-204
after the war, 308-13, 315
gifts of land from southern states, 298-99, 300-301, 309-10, 312-13, 315
service as quartermaster general and, 165, 167, 171-73, 203, 204-205
Caty and, see Greene, Catherine Litttefield (Caty) (wife), relationship with Nathanael childhood of, 1, 14-23
civilian life, return to, 306-13
Congress and, 84-85, 122-23, 128-31, 135, 310
as commander of southern army, 234, 248-49, 259-60, 264, 270, 275, 285-86, 290, 303, 305-306
critics of Greene, 149, 150, 155-57, 204-205
Greene’s debts and, 313, 315
monument to honor Greene, 315
regular army, need for, 96-97, 190
secretary of war, consideration for position of, 291-92
during service as quartermaster general, 164-67, 183, 196-99, 204-205, 215-18, 225-26, 291
in Continental army-:
administrative duties, 88-89, 118, 121
as Boston’s military commander, 76, 78
Brandywine, Battle of, 136-40, 179, 182, 220
as brigadier general, 2, 56-57, 61-85
Congress, relations with, see this entry under Congress and
critics of, 140, 149, 154-58, 172
detail, mastery of, 81, 89, 162-63, 171
discipline and, 62, 74, 78, 81-82, 88, 97
Fort Washington and, 98-103, 109, 117, 134
Germantown, Battle of, 143-49
Harlem Heights, Battle of, 94-95
Long Island, as commander of forces on, 2, 79, 80-92
becomes major general, 3, 85
major general title retained while quartermaster general, 166
New Jersey command, 95-98, 103-106
Princeton and, 115-17
resignation as major general at end of war, 305-306
southern army, command of, see Continental army, southern army
threatened resignation, 130, 131, 178-79, 182, 199, 211, 215-16, 217, 225-26
Trenton and, 110-12, 114-15
Valley Forge and, 158-64, 198, 303
West Point, as commandant of, 6-8
winter of 17-77, 120-25
criticism or slights, sensitivity to, 2, 45, 84, 127, 130-31, 139-40, 154-58, 172, 179-83, 193, 251, 277, 284
death and funeral of, 313-15
diplomacy and, 188-90, 192, 241, 273, 292-93
du Coudray appointment and, 129-31, 135
education of, 1, 15-16, 20, 28, 30, 43, 57, 85, 135
self-, 2-3, 20-23, 29, 50, 66, 122, 303
as general of Rhode Island Army of Observation, 1, 2, 46-47, 49-56
health problems, 29-30, 158
asthma, 5, 29, 37
before Battle of Long Island, 90-91
jaundice, 74, 75
during southern campaign, 254-55
insecurity of, 2, 85
limp, 1, 19, 44-45, 56, 58, 130, 303
logistics and, 97-98, 162-63
se
e also this entry under as quartermaster general
military tactics and strategy, 3, 4, 40, 56, 67, 77, 108, 132, 151-52, 153, 173, 198, 215, 222-25, 302-303
as commander of southern army, see Continental army, southern army
Fort Washington, 100, 102-103, 109, 117, 314
retreat from New York, 92-93
self-education in, 2-3, 29, 50, 122, 303
Trenton, 111-12
monument, 315
national government, as proponent of strong, 50, 215, 308, 314
as optimist, 134, 139, 153, 227, 259
as patriot and revolutionary, 2, 37, 42, 44, 45, 52-53, 67-68, 73, 82, 287
portrait of, iv
Quaker background, 1, 3, 14, 15-16, 19, 20-21, 22, 28, 29, 38-40, 135, 197, 260-61, 303
as quartermaster general, 4, 164-168, 170-73, 174, 183-84, 192-201, 204-205, 209-15, 219
appointment, 164-68
battlefield assignments, 176-77, 184-92, 192, 205-206, 221, 222-25
commissions on department purchases, 167, 193, 198-99, 203, 204
conflicts of interest, 171-73, 204
lack of recognition, 165, 167-68, 178, 179, 286
resignation, 178-79, 182, 199, 211, 215-16, 217, 225-26, 291
George Washington and, see Washington-Greene relationship
will of, 315
Greene, Nathanael, Sr. (father), 12, 20
businesses of, 14, 15, 28
death of, 28
Quaker values and, 14, 15-16, 303
Greene, Nathanael Ray (son), 5, 9, 216, 221
Greene, Peggy (wife of Jacob) (sister-in-law), 53, 158
Greene, Phoebe (Nathanael Sr,’s first wife), 14
Greene, Rufus, 33-34, 38
Greene, William (brother), 167
Greene, William (distant relative of Nathanael), 42, 4, 3
Greene, William (governor of Rhode Island), 220
Greene family, 14-15
business interests, 14-15, 28, 29, 30, 33-34, 36, 37
political influence of, 2, 3, 15
Greene v. Dudsington, 34, 36, 37
Green Spring, Virginia, 279
Grenville, George, 25
Guilford Court House, North Carolina, 250, 260-61
Battle of, 255-60, 265, 276
Gunby, Colonel John, 267, 268, 269
Gunn, James, 311-12
Hackensack, New Jersey, 104, 105
Hale, Nathan, 96
Halifax, Nova Scotia, 79
Hall, Lyman, 308
Hamilton, Alexander, 5, 117, 140, 175, 229, 252, 314
Hancock, John, 40, 97, 109, 130, 185, 197
Hannah (merchant ship), 35
Harlem Heights, 93, 96, 98
Battle of, 94-95
Harrison, Benjamin, 69
Heath, General William, 65-66
Hessian mercenaries, 85, 107, 110-12, 119, 120, 150, 177, 191, 192, 200, 209, 220, 221, 222, 224, 257
High Hills of the Santee, 232, 284
southern army’s camp in the, 275, 277, 279, 290, 295
Hillsborough, Lord, 36
