by Marcia Coyle
Morrison case, 292–93, 305
Morse v. Frederick, 377
Morton Grove, Ill., handgun ban repeal in, 195–96
Motor Vehicle Act, 307
Mountain States Legal Foundation, 88
Mueller, Robert, 222
Mukasey, Michael, 154–55
Murphy, Erin, 338
Muscarello v. United States, 145–46
NAACP, 34–35
Legal Defense Fund of, 113, 114, 116
Nader, Ralph, 147
NAMUDNO case, see Northwest Austin Municipal Utility District No. 1 v. Holder
Nathan Hale High School (Seattle), 32, 39
National Association of Home Builders v. Defenders of Wildlife, 364n
National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti, 259
National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB), 285, 319, 334, 335, 338
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, see Affordable Care cases
National Firearms Act (1934), 172
National Industrial Recovery Act (1935), 290
National Labor Relations Act (1935), 290
National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., 290–91
National Law Journal, 338
National Publicity Law Association, 208
National Public Radio, 303
National Review, 351
National Rifle Association (NRA), 124, 126–27, 137, 138, 195, 255, 303
Heller case supported by, 161
Levy and Neily’s meetings with, 132, 134
Parker suit disliked by, 132, 134, 143–44
Seegars suit funded by, 134–35
Supreme Court scorecard of, 145–46
National Right to Life Committee, 218
National Security Agency, warrantless wiretapping by, 68–69, 71
Nebraska, 282
necessary and proper clause, 289, 293–94, 348, 380
Neily, Clark, 124, 132, 137
and drafting of Parker case, 132
on Heller amicus briefs, 161–62
Heller oral arguments and, 174
on Heller’s standing, 143
Kennedy as viewed by, 170–71
Levy’s friendship with, 129
libertarian philosophy of, 127
on likelihood of Heller win, 170–71, 176–77
on NRA opposition to Parker suit, 144
NRA’s meetings with, 132, 134
Parker case organized by, 129–31
in response to D.C. petition, 149
on Scalia’s Heller opinion, 187, 193
Second Amendment interpretation of, 125, 127–28, 133
and solicitor general’s brief, 153–54, 156
Nelson, Ben, 71
New Deal, 290–91
New Haven, Conn., firefighter suit in, see Ricci v. DeStefano
New Republic, 194
New York Bakeshop Act, 290
New York Times, 70, 115, 224
Nickles, Peter, 176
Heller case and, 157–58
Morrison fired by, 158
Singer’s conflict with, 157
Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, Seattle lawsuit in, 55, 59, 60, 64–65
Nixon, Richard, 44, 164, 209
Northwest Austin Municipal Utility District No. 1, 241–42
Northwest Austin Municipal Utility District No. 1 v. Holder (NAMUDNO case), 240, 241–43, 379
Affordable Care cases and, 321–22
amicus briefs in, 243
Thomas’s dissent in, 248
Obama, Barack, 309
Affordable Care Act signed by, 281
on Citizens United decision, 273–74
Kagan appointed solicitor general by, 237
Kagan nominated by, 300
Sotomayor nominated by, 239–40, 243
in 2008 election, 199, 228
2010 State of the Union Address of, 208, 273–74
Obama administration, Affordable Care cases and, 294–96, 319, 320–21, 322
O’Connor, Sandra Day, 9, 64, 106, 256, 297
Alito’s voting record compared to, 84
Austin case and, 260
Ayotte opinion of, 26–27
Grutter opinion of, 58, 88, 117, 161
McConnell case and, 204
retirement of, 13–14, 18, 27, 59–60, 66, 71–72, 170, 200, 211, 212, 243, 277
as swing vote, 26, 66–67
in 2005–2006 term, 25
as willing to compromise, 94
Office of White House Counsel, 21, 25
Olchefske, Joseph, 36, 37–38, 39–40, 52, 53, 55
Olson, Joseph, 170
Olson, Theodore, 6, 50, 90, 91, 127, 159, 232, 268, 270
Austin ruling criticized by, 228
background of, 231–32
Bossie’s hiring of, 225–26
in Bush v. Gore, 226
in Caperton case, 230–31
Citizens United brief of, 227–28
and Citizens United decision, 245
in Citizens United oral arguments, 233–34, 236
in Citizens United reargument, 249, 256–57, 260, 262–65
Citizens United strategy of, 226–27
in McConnell case, 226, 231
Proposition 8 and, 226, 268, 320
as solicitor general, 226
one-man, one-vote principle, 68
oral arguments, 86–87, 97, 105, 169–70, 317
see also specific cases
originalism, 17, 70, 113, 163–69
Heller case and, 163, 169, 180, 190, 191–92
pragmatism vs., 164, 167–69, 185–86, 191–92, 193
precedent and, 165, 166
public meaning in, 164, 167, 186
Scalia and, 17, 70, 113, 163–65, 166–67, 180, 185, 221–22
textualism and, 167
Thomas and, 70, 113, 165–66
“Originalism: The Lesser Evil” (Scalia), 164
Ornstein, Norman, 276–77
Pacific Legal Foundation, 49, 52, 63, 78, 87
Padilla, Jose, 297
Palmer, Tom, 130
Palmore, Joseph, 336
Parents Involved in Community Schools (PICS), 31, 32, 37, 41, 85
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District, see Seattle-Louisville school integration cases; Seattle school lawsuit
Parker, Shelly, 131, 134
Parker v. District of Columbia:
appeals court sustaining of, 140–41, 173
clients chosen for, 130–31
conservative and gun rights advocates’ objections to, 134
district court dismissal of, 138
drafting of, 132–34
filing of, 134
as first phase of Levy team’s Second Amendment project, 131
Gura as lead litigator for, 133, 138
Halbrook’s motion to consolidate Seegars with, 136–37
Hutchison bill and, 143–44
Levy’s bankrolling of, 128–30
narrow relief strategy in, 134
NRA’s unhappiness with, 132, 134, 143–44
as pre-enforcement challenge, 139
standing in, 140
Supreme Court petition in, 144, 146–47
Supreme Court review of, see Heller case
Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act (2003), 97, 106–7, 376
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, see Affordable Care Act
Payton, John, 113, 116
Pensacola, Fla., Affordable Care lawsuit filed in, 281, 286, 295
personal-injury lawsuits, preemption and, 311–12
petition right, 213
petitions for review, 73–75
cert pool and, 74–75
Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 224, 251
pleading requirements, 222–23
Plessy v. Ferguson, 112, 116
political action committees (PACs), 202, 203, 204, 209, 214–15, 235, 236
Citizens United ruling and, 271–72, 275–76
disclosure requi
rement and, 275–76
Posner, Richard, 193, 194, 315
Powell, Lewis F., Jr., 44, 45, 298
pragmatism, 168, 169
originalism vs., 164, 167–69, 185–86, 191–92, 193
precedent, respect for (stare decisis), 9, 22–23, 68, 84, 88, 91, 107, 112, 117, 172, 180, 192, 194, 224, 225, 251–52, 367n-68n
Citizens United ruling and, 272, 273
“faux judicial restraint” and, 214, 215
originalism and, 165, 166
Roberts’s commitment to, 22, 25, 84, 117, 272
Second Amendment cases and, 126, 139, 141, 150
preemption, 311–12
pre-enforcement challenges, 138–39
presidential elections, Supreme Court as affected by, 4–5
Printz v. United States, 135, 145
Private Securities Litigation Reform Act (1995), 310
privileges and immunities clause, 166
Project on Fair Representation, 4, 88–89, 241
Public Citizen Litigation Group, 147, 314
Queen Anne High School (Seattle), 35
racial balancing, 52, 65, 109
racial discrimination, 41, 168, 238–40, 241, 246, 255, 291, 379
racial diversity, 187
as compelling interest, 30, 57–58, 59, 64, 90–91, 93, 100–101, 109, 110, 116
Raich case, 292–93, 294, 339
Rakove, Jack, 162
Ramsey, Douglas, 201
Rasul v. Bush, 183
rational basis, 153
Reading Law: The Interpretation of Legal Texts (Scalia and Garner), 163
Reagan, Ronald, 21, 49, 129
Reagan administration, 310
Alito in, 25, 67–68, 70, 308
Roberts in, 21, 23, 70, 308
reargument, 72, 78–79
Reconstruction, 208
redistricting, 29, 80, 83, 320, 334, 341
Rehnquist, William H., 14, 24, 25, 44, 45, 46, 102, 115, 127, 180
collegiality fostered by, 14, 352
death of, 14, 19, 60, 211
Gratz opinion of, 58
Massachusetts Citizens for Life dissent of, 259
Morrison opinion of, 292
Rehnquist Court, 6, 9, 27, 199
affirmative action rulings in, 63
commerce clause rulings of, 292
desegregation rulings of, 46, 51
economic activity cases in, 315
Emerson review denied by, 127
McConnell decision of, 204, 210, 212
Massachusetts Citizens for Life case in, 259
Michigan affirmative action cases in, 56–59, 63
religion, 83
establishment clause and, 165, 328–29
Republican National Committee, 218
Republican National Lawyers Association, 225
Republican Party, Reconstruction and, 208
Ricci, Frank, 255–56
Ricci v. DeStefano, 238–40, 241, 379
Ginsburg’s dissent in, 246
Kennedy’s opinion in, 246–47
Roberts’s opinion in, 240
Sotomayor and, 255–56
right to bear arms, see Second Amendment
right to counsel, 68
Ritter, Dan, 49, 55, 87
Rivkin, David:
in Affordable Care cases, 284–86, 288, 295
Wall Street Journal op-ed column of, 283
Roberts, John, Jr., 1, 8, 13, 19, 46, 104, 211, 333, 339
Affordable Care opinion of, 240, 248, 347–49, 355
in Affordable Care oral arguments, 344
in appearances before Rehnquist Court, 19
Arizona Free Enterprise Club opinion of, 328
Boumediene case and, 183
Brown allegedly distorted by, 113–15
Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association concurring opinion of, 326
in Bush v. Gore battle, 20
Caperton case and, 231
Caperton dissent of, 244
Citizens United concurring opinion of, 272
in Citizens United oral arguments, 235, 250
in Citizens United reargument, 264
clerks in drafting opinions by, 104, 318
Comstock case and, 294
confrontation clause and, 17
consensus as goal of, 24–25, 26, 94, 117, 330, 354
conservative attacks on, 350–51
Constitution viewed as color-blind by, 110, 115
contrast between stated goals and conservative opinions of, 117
corporate electioneering test promulgated by, 213, 217, 224
Davis case and, 186
as deputy solicitor general, 19, 21, 23
on District of Columbia appellate court, 20
Doe v. Reed opinion of, 301
expected tenure of, 17–18
“faux judicial restraint” accusation against, 214, 215
Federalist Society and, 50
First Amendment cases and, 108
Graham concurring opinion of, 266
in Heller oral arguments, 177–78, 179
Herring opinion of, 266
Humanitarian Law Project opinion of, 302
on importance of briefs, 86
investiture of, 18–19
as judicial minimalist, 13, 24
judicial philosophy of, 20
and Kennedy v. Louisiana, 185
labels resisted by, 22–23
LULAC dissent of, 81
as minimalist, 94, 108, 215–16
NAMUDNO opinion of, 247–48, 321–22
in NAMUDNO oral arguments, 242–43
nominated as chief justice, 20, 60
and Obama’s State of the Union Address, 273
opinion assignments by, 180–81
on oral arguments, 169
petitions for review and, 75
in Reagan administration, 21, 23, 70, 308
as Rehnquist protégé, 19
respect for branches of government as principle of, 339–40, 355
respect for precedent as commitment of, 22, 25, 84, 117, 272
in Ricci oral arguments, 239
on Roe v. Wade, 23–24
Scalia’s criticisms of, 107–8
Seattle-Louisville opinion of, 109–10, 113–15, 118, 239
in Seattle-Louisville oral arguments, 101–2
Seegars appeal and, 140
seen as pro-business, 307–8
Senate confirmation hearings of, 13, 20–21, 60–61, 67–70, 215–16, 354
Snyder opinion of, 325
Stevens opinion of, 300–301
umpire analogy of, 20, 23, 316–17
and Vermont campaign finance decision, 211
Whiting opinion of, 312
WRTL opinion of, 213–14, 216
Roberts Court, 13, 19, 79, 83
arbitration cases in, 313, 315, 324, 381
Buckley case as seen by, 210, 211–12
campaign finance and, see Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission; Davis v. Federal Election Commission
collegiality in, 352–53
commerce clause and, 293
conservative shift of, 9, 71–73, 84, 88, 105–6, 107, 117, 151, 170–71, 187, 200, 211, 266–67, 278, 299, 333
constitutional interpretation in, 9
Dellinger on aggressiveness of, 194
as divided on race and equal protection issues, 115–16
environmental cases in, 267
First Amendment cases in 300–301, 324–27, 377, 380, 381, 382, 383; see also Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
ideological divide in, 2, 8, 29, 79, 98, 104, 105–6, 108, 117–18, 270, 350, 351, 353
job discrimination cases in, 313, 364n, 377, 379–80, 381
John Fund opinion of, 310
liberal wing of, 105, 108–9
political naïveté of, 277
preemption and, 311–12
public cynicism about, 199
seen as pro-business, 224, 277–78, 304, 306, 307–16
U.S. Chamber of Commerce and, 307–8
Robinson, Ron, 201
Roe v. Wade, 22, 23–24, 67, 68, 193, 218, 224, 251, 332
Roosevelt, Franklin, 290
Roosevelt, Theodore, 208
Roosevelt High School (Seattle), 32, 39
Roper v. Simmons, 184
Rossi, Dino, 50
Rothstein, Barbara, Initiative 200 and, 54–55
Rumsfeld v. Padilla, 297
Ryan, James E., 44–45, 46
same-sex marriage, 354, 356
California ban on, 132, 226, 268, 320, 366n
Scalia, Antonin, 4, 7, 8, 24, 25, 83, 175, 233, 247, 308, 330–31, 333, 352
Affordable Care dissent of, 349, 355
in Affordable Care oral arguments, 344
Austin dissent of, 260
Boumediene dissent of, 183
Breyer’s disagreements with, 167–69
Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association opinion of, 325
Caperton case and, 231
on Cheney’s amicus brief, 156
Citizens United concurring opinion of, 272
in Citizens United oral arguments, 234
in Citizens United reargument, 264–65
clerks in drafting opinions by, 105
confrontation cases and, 15–17, 221–22
Constitution viewed as color-blind by, 115
Crawford opinion of, 15–16, 221
Davis case and, 186
First Amendment cases and, 108
on Heller as vindication of originalism, 191–92
Heller opinion of, 180–81, 187–94
in Heller oral arguments, 177, 178
Hudson opinion of, 73
as hunter, 170
and Kennedy v. Louisiana, 185
on meaning of Citizens United ruling, 274, 275
on oral arguments, 170
as originalist, 17, 70, 113, 163–65, 166–67, 180, 185, 221–22
partisan politics accusations against, 341
Raich concurring opinion of, 292–93, 294, 339
Roberts criticized by, 107–8
Second Amendment interpretation of, 145, 177, 188–94
as senior associate justice, 96
as textualist, 167
and Vermont finance decision, 211
Wal-Mart opinion of, 323–24
WRTL opinion of, 214
Schnapper, Eric, 76, 93
school prayer, 68
Schumer, Charles, 13, 24
SCOTUSblog, 330
Scribes Journal of Legal Writing, The, 105, 169
Seattle, Wash., 29
ethnic populations of, 39–40
Magnolia neighborhood of, 33–34, 35, 37, 38, 40
Queen Anne neighborhood of, 33, 34, 35, 38
racial segregation in, 33–35
Seattle-Louisville school integration cases, 2, 3, 5, 8, 28–29, 35, 37, 39, 40, 84, 85–103, 247, 267, 278, 307, 332, 352, 376
amicus briefs in, 78, 86, 88–89, 92–93, 113
briefs in, 86, 89–90
Clement in, 92, 99, 100, 320
