22. Jon Halliday, A Political History of Japanese Capitalism (New York, 1975), 82–91.
23. Ibid., 112.
24. Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., Scale and Scope: The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism (Cambridge, 1990), 226–29.
25. Mary A. Yeager, “Will There Ever Be a Feminist Business History?,” in Mary A. Yeager, ed., Women in Business (Cheltenham, 1999), 12–15, 33–34.
26. Duncan K. Foley, Adam’s Fallacy: A Guide to Economic Theology (Cambridge, 2006), 9.
27. Thomas K. McGraw, “American Capitalism,” in McGraw, ed., Creating Modern Capitalism, 327–28.
28. Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., and Stephen Salsbury, Pierre S. du Pont and the Making of the Modern Corporation (New York, 1971), 591–600.
29. Charles S. Maier, “Accounting for the Achievements of Capitalism: Alfred Chandler’s Business History,” Journal of Modern History, 65 (1993): 779–82.
30. Chandler, Jr., Scale and Scope, 74–78, 21; Colleen Dunlavy and Thomas Weiskopp, “Myths and Peculiarities: Comparing U.S. and German Capitalism,” German Historical Bulletin, no. 41 (2007): 18–19; Naomi Lamoreaux, The Great Merger Movement in American Business, 1895–1904 (Cambridge, 1895), 2–5.
31. Peter Barnes, Capitalism 3.0: A Guide to Reclaiming the Commons (San Francisco, 2006), 20–23.
32. Miguel Cantillo Simon, “The Rise and Fall of Bank Control in the United States, 1890–1939,” American Economic Review, 88 (1998): 1079–83; Vincent P. Carosso, Investment Banking in America: A History (Cambridge, 1970), 496–99; Ronald Dore, William Lazonick, and Mary O’Sullivan, “Varieties of Capitalism in the Twentieth Century,” Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 15 (1999): 104.
33. McGraw, “American Capitalism,” 322–25.
34. John M. Kleeberg, “German Cartels: Myths and Realities,” http://www.econ.barnard.columbia.edu /~econhist/papers/ Kleeberg_German_Cartels.
35. Chandler, Jr., Scale and Scope, 492.
36. Dore, Lazonick, and O’Sullivan, “Varieties of Capitalism in the Twentieth Century,” 104.
37. James, A German Identity, 57.
38. Charles P. Kindleberger, The World in Depression, 1919–1939, rev. and enlarged ed. (Berkeley, 1986), 291.
39. Jeffrey Fear, “August Thyssen and German Steel,” in McGraw, ed., Creating Modern Capitalism, 191; Clive Trebilock, Industrialization of Continental Powers, 1780–1914 (London, 1982), 63–64.
40. Henry James, “The German Experience and the Myth of British Cultural Exceptionalism,” in Bruce Collins and Keith Robbins, eds., British Culture and Economic Decline: Debates in Modern History (London, 1990), 108–11.
41. Richard B. DuBoff, Electric Power in American Manufacturing, 1889–1958 (New York, 1979), 17, 100–01.
42. Lee Iacocca, “Builders & Titans,” The Time 100 (New York, 2000). Available also at www.time.com/time/time100/builder/profile/ford.
43. James P. Womack, Daniel T. Jones, and Daniel Roos, The Machine That Changed the World (New York, 1990), 30–31.
44. Moss, Age of Progress?, 38, 62; Lynn Hunt, Thomas R. Martin, Barbara H. Rosenwein, R. Po-chia Hsia, and Bonnie G. Smith, The Making of the West: People and Cultures: A Concise History, 2nd ed. (Boston, 2007), 881.
45. Thomas K. McGraw and Richard S. Tedlow, “Henry Ford, Alfred Sloan, and the Three Phases of Marketing,” in McGraw, ed., Creating Modern Capitalism, 269.
46. Kindleberger, The World in Depression, 43.
47. William Berg, “History of GM,” http://ezinearticles.com/? The-History-of-GM—-General-Motors&id=110696.
48. Pomeranz and Topik, World That Trade Created, 97–100.
49. Daniel Yergin, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power (New York, 1991), 58–63.
50. Ibid., 110–11.
51. Simon, “Rise and Fall of Bank Control”: 1077–93.
CHAPTER 9. WAR AND DEPRESSION
1. Rondo Cameron, A Concise Economic History of the World: From Paleolithic Times to the Present (New York, 1989), 347–50.
2. Charles Kindleberger, A Financial History of Western Europe, 2nd ed. (New York, 1993), 308–13.
3. Alan S. Milward and S. B. Saul, The Economic Development of Continental Europe, 1780–1870 (London, 1973), 128, 130, 142–68.
4. Walter G. Moss, An Age of Progress?: Clashing Twentieth-Century Global Forces (New York, 2008), 42.
5. W. G. Beasley, The Modern History of Japan, 2nd ed. (New York, 1973), 161–63; Jon Halliday, A Political History of Japanese Capitalism (New York, 1975) 84–86.
6. Kozo Yamamura, ed., Economic Emergence of Modern Japan (New York, 1997), 123–37.
7. Charles P. Kindleberger, The World in Depression, 1929–1939 (Berkeley, 1986), 119.
8. Lizbeth Cohen, Making a New Deal: Industrial Workers in Chicago, 1919–1939 (New York, 1990), 102–03, 213–35.
9. Jack Garraty, The Great Depression (New York, 1987), 23; Cameron, Concise Economic History of the World, 356–60.
10. Garraty, Great Depression, 75–77.
11. John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (London, 1930).
12. Paul Krugman, “Franklin Delano Obama?,” New York Times, November 10, 2008.
13. Richard Overy, “About the Second World War,” excerpted from Charles Townshend, ed., The Oxford Illustrated History of Modern War (New York, 1997), available at englishuiuc.edu/maps/ww2/overy, 10.
14. Bill Gordon, “Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere,” www.wgordon.web.wesleyan.edu.; Beasley, Modern History of Japan, 256–57.
15. Geoffrey Barraclough, ed., The Times Atlas of World History, rev. ed. (Maplewood, NJ, 1985), 280–81.
16. Beasley, Modern History of Japan, 268–76.
17. Mark Harrison, “Resource Mobilization for World War II: The U.S.A., U.K., U.S.S.R., and Germany, 1938–1945,” Economic History Review, 2nd ser., 12 (1988): 175.
18. Overy, “About the Second World War,” 6.
19. Ibid., 10.
20. Ibid., 4.
CHAPTER 10. A NEW LEVEL OF PROSPERITY
1. Jeffrey A. Frieden, Global Capitalism: Its Fall and Rise in the Twentieth Century (2006 [paperback ed., 2007]), 287; Charles Kindleberger, A Financial History of Western Europe, 2nd ed. (New York, 1993), 453.
2. Elizabeth Borgwardt, A New Deal for the World: America’s Vision for Human Rights (Cambridge, 2005), 14–15.
3. Kindleberger, Financial History of Western Europe, 453.
4. Cameron, Concise Economic History of the World, 371–78.
5. Frieden, Global Capitalism, 278; N. R. R. Crafts, “The Golden Age of Economic Growth in Western Europe, 1950–1973,” Economic History Review, 48 (1995): 429–30; Angus Maddison, Dynamic Forces in Capitalist Development: A Long-Run Comparative View (Oxford, 1991), 164.
6. Diethelm Prowe, “Economic Democracy in Post–World War II Germany: Corporatist Crisis Response, 1945–1948,” Journal of Modern History, 57 (1985): 452–58.
7. Paul L. Davies, “A Note on Labour and Corporate Governance in the U.K.,” in Klaus J. Hopt et al, eds., Comparative Corporate Governance: The State of the Art and Emerging Research (Oxford, 1999), 373; Martin Wolf, “European Corporatism Must Embrace Change,” Financial Times, January 23, 2007.
8. Maddison, Dynamic Forces in Capitalist Development, 274–75; Frieden, Global Capitalism, 289.
9. John Gillingham, “The European Coal and Steel Community: An Object Lesson,” in Barry Eichengreen, ed., Europe’s Post-War Recovery (Cambridge, 1995), 152–53, 166.
10. Barry Eichengreen, “Mainsprings of Economic Recovery,” in ibid.: 6–21.
11. Cameron, Concise Economic History of the World, 377–78.
12. H. Bathelt, C. Wiseman, and G. Zakrzewski, “Automobile Industry: A ‘Driving Force’ behind the German Economy,” wwwgeog/specialist/vgt/Englisih/ger, 2.
13. Mary Nolan, review of Hans Mommsen, Volkswagenweck and seine Arbeiter im Dritten Reich, International Labor and Working Class History, 55 (1999): 149–54.
14. Maddison, Dynamic Forc
es in Capitalist Development, 151; Cameron, a Concise Economic History of the World, 329–30.
15. James F. Hollifield, Immigrants, Markets, and States: The Political Economy of Postwar Europe (Cambridge, 1992), 4–5.
16. Maddison, Dynamic Forces in Capitalist Development, 128; Russell Shorto, “Childless Europe: What Happens to a Continent When It Stops Making Babies?,” New York Times Magazine, June 29, 2008.
17. Robert Higgs, “From Central Planning to the Market: The American Transition, 1945–1947,” Journal of Economic History, 59 (1999): 611–13. The wonderful list of government measures is Higgs’s.
18. Tom Lewis, “The Roads to Prosperity,” Los Angeles Times, December 26, 2008.
19. Nelson Lichtenstein, State of the Union: A Century of American Labor (Princeton, 2002), 76–80; Nelson Lichtenstein, “American Trade Unions and the ‘Labor Question’: Past and Present,” in What’s Next for Organized Labor: The Report of the Century Foundation Task Force on the Future of Unions (New York, 1999), 65–70.
20. Frieden, Global Capitalism, 261–62; Higgs, “From Central Planning to the Market”: 600.
21. Kindleberger, Financial History, 413–17.
22. Louis Hyman, “Debtor Nation: How Consumer Credit Built Postwar America” (Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard, 2007); Karen Orren, Corporate Power and Social Change: The Politic of the Life Insurance Industry (Baltimore, 1974), 127–31.
23. Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., Inventing the Electronic Century: The Epic Story of the Consumer Electronics and Computer Industries (New York, 2001), 27–30.
24. Vanessa Schwartz, “Towards a Cultural History of the Jet Age,” Paper presented in Paris, November 13, 2008.
25. Walter G. Moss, An Age of Progress?: Clashing Twentieth Century Forces (New York, 2008), 2–23.
26. Clark Kerr, The Uses of the University ( Cambridge, MA, 1963).
27. Kenneth Flamm, “Technological Advance and Costs: Computers versus Communications,” in Robert W. Crandall and Kenneth Flamm, eds., Changing the Rules: Technological Change, International Competition, and Regulation in Communications (Washington, 1989), 15–20.
28. Rowena Olegario, “IBM and the Two Thomas J. Watsons,” in Thomas K. McGraw, ed., Creating Modern Capitalism: How Entrepreneurs, Companies, and Countries Triumphed in Three Industrial Revolutions (Cambridge, 1997), 352.
29. Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States (Washington) Dwight D. Eisenhower Papers (Washington, 1960) 1035–40.
30. J. R. McNeill, Something New under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth-Century World (New York, 2000), 149, 168–69, 178–80.
31. Olegario, “IBM and the Two Thomas J. Watsons,” 349–93.
32. Ibid., 350–54.
33. Chandler, Inventing the Electronic Century, 91; Emerson W. Pugh, Memories that Shaped An Industry: Decisions Leading to IBM System/360 (Cambridge, 1984), 187–90.
34. Olegario, “IBM and the Two Thomas J. Watsons,” 378–79.
35. Ibid., 366–70.
36. Robert Korstad and Nelson Lichtenstein, “Opportunities Found and Lost: Labor, Radicals, and the Early Civil Rights Movement,” Journal of American History, 75 (1988): 786–96.
37. Stephen F. Rohde, Freedom of Assembly (New York, 2005), 33–38; Frieden, Global Capitalism, 299–300.
38. Roger Lowenstein, “The Prophet of Pensions,” Los Angeles Times Opinion, May 11, 2008.
39. New York Times, June 18, 2008.
40. Crafts, “Golden Age of Economic Growth in Western Europe,” 433.
41. Joseph A. McCartin, “A Wagner Act for Public Employees: Labor’s Deferred Dream, and the Rise of Conservatives, 1970–1976,” Journal of American History, 95 (2008): 129–31; Tami J. Friedman, “Exploiting the North-South Differential: Corporate Power, Southern Politics, and the Decline of Organized Labor after World War II,” Journal of American History, 95 (2008): 323–48.
42. Frieden, Global Capitalism, 344.
43. Olegario, “IBM and the Two Thomas J. Watsons,” 356.
44. Maddison, Dynamic Forces in Capitalist Development, 148.
45. Cameron, Concise Economic History of the World, 394.
46. Maddison, Dynamic Forces in Capitalist Development, 155–167.
47. Daniel Yergin, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power (New York, 1991), 601–909.
48. Ibid., 590–91.
49. Barbara Weinstein, “Presidential Address: Developing Inequality,” American Historical Review, 113 (2008): 15.
50. Kaoru Sugihara, “Labour-Intensive Industrialisation in Global History,” Australian Economic History Review, 47 (2001): 122.
51. Joyce Appleby, “Modernization Theory and the Formation of Modern Social Theories in England and America,” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 20 (1978): 260; Crafts, “Golden Age of Economic Growth in Western Europe,” 434; Barbara Weinstein, “Developing Inequality,” American Historical Review, 113 (2008): 6–8.
CHAPTER 11. CAPITALISM IN NEW SETTINGS
1. Sheldon L. Richman, “The Sad Legacy of Ronald Reagan,” Free Market, 10 (1988): 1.
2. Milton Friedman, “Noble Lecture: Inflation and Unemployment” and Gary Becker, “Afterward: Milton Friedman as a Microeconomist,” in Milton Friedman on Economics: Selected Papers (Chicago, 2007), 1–22, 181–86.
3. Edward Perkins, “The Rise and Fall of Relationship Banking,” www.Common-Place.org, 9:2 (2009).
4. Andrew Ross Sorkin, “A ‘Bonfire’ Returns as Heartburn,” New York Times, June 24, 2008.
5. Thomas K. McGraw, Introduction to Thomas K. McGraw, ed., Creating Modern Capitalism: How Entrepreneurs, Companies, and Countries Triumphed in Three Industrial Revolutions (Cambridge, 1995), 1.
6. Ronald Dore, William Lazonick, and Mary O’Sullivan, “Varieties of Capitalism in the Twentieth Century,” Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 15 (1999): 105; Randall K. Morck and Masao Nakamura, “A Frog in a Well Knows Nothing of the Ocean,” in Randall K. Morck, ed., A History of Corporate Governance around the World: Family Business Groups to Professional Managers, National Bureau of Economic Research Report (Chicago, 2007), 450–52.
7. Yutaka Kosai, “The Postwar Japanese Economy, 1945–1973,” in Yamamura, ed., Economic Emergence of Modern Japan.
8. Ibid., 138–39, 185.
9. Ian Buruma, “Who Freed Asia?,” Los Angeles Times, August 31, 2007; W. G. Beasley, Modern History of Japan, 2nd ed. (New York, 1973), 286–87.
10. Beasley, Modern History of Japan, 290–93, 303–07, 311–14; Jon Halliday and Gavin McCormack, A Political History of Japanese Capitalism (New York, 1978), 195–203; Normitsu Onishi, “No Longer a Reporter, but a Muckraker within Japan’s Parliament,” New York Times, July 19, 2008.
11. Kosai, “Postwar Japanese Economy,” 181–89.
12. Rondo Cameron, A Concise Economic History of the World: From Paleolithic Times to the Present (New York, 1989), 375, 392; James P. Womack, Daniel T. Jones, and Daniel Roos, The Machine That Changed the World (New York, 1990), 11.
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