Notes
1 This point is well made by David Kahn, “The Rise of Intelligence,” Foreign Affairs 85 (September/October 2006), pp. 125–34; and John Keegan, Intelligence in War: Knowledge of the Enemy from Napoleon to Al–Qaeda (New York: Random House, 2003).
2 On the virtues of soft power, see Joseph S. Nye, Jr., Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics (New York: Public Affairs, 2004); and on public diplomacy, Kristin M. Lord, Voices of America: U.S. Public Diplomacy for the 21st Century (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, November 2008). On the strengthening of American foreign policy across the board, see Loch K. Johnson, American Foreign Policy and the Challenges of World Leadership: Power, Principle, and the Constitution (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015).
3 See Business Executives for National Security (BENS), Domestic Security: Confronting a Changing Threat to Ensure Public Safety and Civil Liberties (Washington, DC, February 2015, and February 2016 update).
4 Barton Gellman, “U.S. Spied on Iraqi Military via U.N.,” Washington Post (March 2, 1999), p. A1; Loch K. Johnson, Bombs, Bugs, Drugs, and Thugs: Intelligence and America's Quest for Security (New York: New York University Press, 2000), pp. 170–1.
5 Matthew Aid, expert on the NSA, comment, “Panel on Security Intelligence, and the Internet,” CASIS (Canadian Association of Security and Intelligence Studies) International Conference, Ottawa, Canada (2009, author's notes).
6 Paul R. Pillar, a thoughtful former CIA National Intelligence Officer and Middle East expert, has also independently advanced the idea of an outside group of intelligence experts to assist SSCI and HPSCI with their oversight duties; see his Intelligence and U.S. Foreign Policy: Iraq, 9/11, and Misguided Reform (New York: Columbia University Press, 2011).
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