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INDEX
Please note that page numbers are not accurate for the e-book edition.
Adams, Hank, 182, 185
African American(s): as buffalo soldiers, 139, 143, 146–49, 167; and civil rights, 10, 175–76; and Jim Crow laws, 140, 170; and “race to innocence,” 230; and Seminole Nation, 66, 101–2
African American slaves and slavery: and Civil War, 133–34; escaped, 66, 79, 101; of Indigenous elite, 91, 98, 134; and plantation economy, 55, 109; as property, 35, 198; and Red Sticks, 99; reparations to, 206; sea voyages and, 34; in Union Army, 135–36; in Virginia, 61
African slaves and slavery: Britain and, 38; in Caribbean Basin, 23, 119; in Mexico, 127; population of, 133; in South America, 43
agriculture: of Aztecs, 20; early centers of, 15–17; in Great Lakes region, 24–25; industrialization and, 166; in Mesoamerica, 17–21; in Northern Mexico, 125; in Pacific Northwest, 25; and peoples of the corn, 30–31; systematic destruction of Indigenous, 61, 87; in US Southwest, 21–24
AIM (American Indian Movement), 184–86, 203, 207, 260n21
Akenson, Donald Harman, 48–49
Alamo, 126, 127
Alcatraz Island, occupation of, 174, 183–84
alcohol and alcoholism, 41, 69–70, 84, 152, 211
Alfred, Taiaiake, 214
allotments, 157–61, 171–73, 189, 249n2
American Indian Movement (AIM), 184–86, 203, 207, 260n21
“American party of Taos,” 122
Amherst, Jeffery, 67–68
Anasazi people, 22
ancestral remains, repatriation of, 206, 231–33
Anishinaabe[g] Nation, 24, 216–17
Ankeah, Sam, 171
Apache Nation, 23, 138, 150–51
Arawaks, 23
assimilation, 151, 157, 173–74
Aztec civilization, 19–21
Bacon’s Rebellion, 61–62
Bahlul, Ali Hamza al, 201–2
Balboa, Vasco Núñez de, 43
“Battle of Horseshoe Bend” (1814), 99–100
Battle of Little Bighorn (1870), 151–52, 155
Battle of San Jacinto (1836), 127
/> Battle of the Alamo (1836), 126, 127
Battle of the Thames (1813), 87
Baum, L. Frank, 155–56
Bay of Pigs (1961), 177
Benton, Thomas Hart, 102, 122, 123
Bent’s Fort, 122
BIA. See Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)
Big Foot (Chief), 154–55
bin Laden, Osama, 56, 201
bison. See buffalo
Black Americans. See African American(s)
Black Caribs. See Garifuna people
Black Elk, 162
Black Elk, Wallace, 178
“Black Hawk War” (1832), 111
Black Hills (Paha Sapa): gold rush in, 152, 188; restoration to Lakota Sioux of, 180, 211, 236; US confiscation and remuneration for, 207–8
Black Kettle (Chief), 137, 146
“blood quantum,” 170
Blue Jacket (Weyapiersenwah), 81, 83, 85
Blue Lake, 179–80, 258n5
Boarding School Healing Project, 212
boarding schools, 151, 153, 211–14
Boas, Franz, 231
Boers, 48, 140
Bolívar, Simon, 119–20
Boone, Daniel, 94, 105, 106–7, 227
Borah, Woodrow Wilson, 41
Bozeman Trail, 145
Bradford, William, 63
Brant, Joseph, 81, 84
Britain: conquests by, 38; Indigenous alliances with, 81, 86–87; land as private property in, 34–36; transfer of Ohio Country from, 78
Brown, Dee, 193
Buckongeahelas, 73–74
buffalo: and Fort Laramie, 187–88; and Ghost Dance, 153; in pre-colonial America, 24, 28; and Sand Creek Massacre, 137; slaughter of, 142–43, 188, 220
Buffalohead, Roger, 213
buffalo soldiers, 143, 146–49, 167
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA): and boarding schools, 151, 189; and energy resources, 209; and Indian Relocation Act, 174; and Indian Reorganization Act, 190; investment of Indigenous funds by, 168; and Trail of Broken Treaties, 185
burial offerings, repatriation of, 206, 231–33
Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee (Brown), 193
Bush, George H. W., 198
Bush, George W., 195, 218, 222
Byrd, Jodi, 218, 224, 228–29, 231
Cahokia, 23–24
California: gold seekers in, 129, 130; Spanish control of, 125–26, 127–29; statehood of, 124; US invasion of, 123, 127–30
Calley, William “Rusty,” 192–93
Calloway, Colin, 39–40
Calvinist origin story, 47–51
El Camino Real, 128
Canby, Edward R. S., 223–24
Captain Jack (Kintpuash), 223–24
Caribbean: US imperialism in, 162–67
Caribs, 23
Carleton, James, 138, 139
Carlisle Indian Industrial School, 151, 156, 157, 212
Carson, Christopher Houston “Kit,” 122, 123, 137, 138
Carter, Jimmy, 192
Casey, Edward, 156–57
casinos, 210
Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR), 201–2
Central America: early Indigenous civilizations in, 17–21; independence movement in, 119–20
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 176–77
CERT (Council of Energy Resource Tribes), 209–10
Chagossians, 225
Chambers, David Wade, 29
Chang, David, 1, 135
Chatters, James C., 232–33
Cheeseekau, 89
Cherokee Nation: assault against, 87–90; forced march (Trail of Tears) of, 112–14; in French and Indian War, 68–69; in Georgia (state), 110; in Georgia colony, 66; on Indian removal policy, 111–12; origins of, 30; resistance to allotment by, 158; treaties with Confederacy by, 135; during war of independence, 74–76
Cherokee national fund, 168
Cheyenne Nation, 146, 149
Chickamaugas, 88–90
Chickasaw Nation, 97, 113–14, 168
Chief Joseph, 149, 165
child abuse at boarding schools, 212–13
Chippewa Nation, 24
Chiricahuas, 150–51
Chivington, John, 137–38
Choctaws, 97, 113–14
Church, Benjamin, 64
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), 176–77
citizenship, 169
City of Sherrill v. Oneida Nation of Indians (2005), 200
civilian attacks: on Cheyennes, 149; after Civil War, 139–40; during Civil War, 94; in colonial period, 65; by Custer, 145–46, 151–52; on Dakotas, 136; in French and Indian War, 67; under Grant, 146; in Illinois and Indiana Territories, 87; in irregular warfare, 59; in Mexico, 131; on Muskogees, 99; My Lai massacre as, 192–93; on Navajos, 138; in Philippines, 166; on Seminoles, 102; in US military history, 58, 59, 196; after war of independence, 93; by “Mad” Anthony Wayne, 82–83; in West, 149, 152; at Wounded Knee, 154–55
civil rights era, 10, 175–77, 182
Civil War: colonial policy and, 140–46; genocidal army of West in, 136–40; Indigenous soldiers in, 133–34, 135–36; irregular warfare in, 94; Mexican War and, 131–32; settlers during, 134–36
Clarke, Elijah, 92
Coahuila Kikapú (Kickapoo) Nation, 126
Cobell v. Salazar (2011), 206
Cochise, 138
Collier, John, 171–73
colonialism: British overseas, 195, 199; Doctrine of Discovery and, 199–201
colonial period, 56–77; expansion in, 65–66; French and Indian War in, 67–71; Haudenosaunee in, 76–77; militias in, 58–60; in New England, 61–64; in Ohio Country, 71–74; roots of genocide in, 57–60; scalp hunting in, 64–65; Virginia colony in, 60–62; war of independence in, 74–76
colonization: and Calvinist origin story, 48; and culture of conquest, 32; and future of United States, 218, 229; of Northern Mexico, 121–24, 126; by Scots-Irish, 52–54; and terminal narratives, 39–42; after war of independence, 78, 79; of West, 138, 141, 143–44; white supremacy and class and, 36–39
Coloradas, Mangas, 132
Colorado Volunteers, 137, 138
Columbus, Christopher, 3–4, 23, 42–43, 197–98
common lands (commons), 34–35, 230–31
communism, 175–76
concentration camps, 138–39
Confederate Army, 133–36
Confederate States of America (CSA), 133–34, 135
Conley, Robert, 30
conquest, 32–44; early European history of, 32–34; and gold fever, 42–44; and land as private property, 34–36; sea voyages for, 34; and terminal narratives, 39–42; white supremacy and class in, 36–39
consensus, 25, 27
constitutions, 215–17
Cook, Sherburne, 41
Cook-Lynn, Elizabeth, 229
Cooper, James Fenimore: French and Indian War and, 71; and manifest destiny, 130; and militarism, 227; and “myth of the essential white American,” 94; and settler patriotism, 103–4, 105, 107
corn cultivation: by Aztecs, 20; in Great Lakes region, 24–25; Indigenous American agriculture based on, 16–17; by Iroquois villages, 17; irrigation systems for, 16; by Mayans, 18–19; in Mesoamerica, 17–21; and peoples of the corn, 30–31; as sacred gift, 16; in US Southwest, 21–24
Cornplanter, 82
corporations, 167–69
Cortés, Hernando, 21, 43
Council of Energy Resource Tribes (CERT), 209–10
counterinsurgency: in Africa and Asia, 176–77; in French and Indian War, 68; “Indian Wars” as template for, 192–95, 218, 219–22, 229; in occupied Northern Mexico, 127; in Ohio Country, 83; in Philippines, 164, 165; in Seminole Wars, 101–2; vs. standard European warfare, 145; in Vietnam War, 176–77, 179, 192; and war of independence, 80, 93; in West, 149–53
covenant state, 45–55; and Calvinist origin story, 47–51; Israel as, 47, 248n7; and myth of pristine wilderness, 45–47; and sacred land becoming real estate, 55; settler colonialism and Ulster-Scots in, 51–54
&nbs
p; Cowkeeper (Wakapuchasee), 101
Crazy Horse, 151–52
credit, 143–44
Creek Nation. See Muskogee (Creek) Nation
Crockett, David (Davy), 94, 127
Crusades, 32–33, 36–37
CSA (Confederate States of America), 133–34, 135
Cuba, 164, 177
Culhuacán (Culhua Nation), 19
Curtis Act (1898), 158, 159
Custer, George Armstrong: in Civil War, 139; death of, 151–52, 155; Wesley E. Merritt and, 165; Seventh Cavalry of, 151, 155, 188, 221; and total war in West, 145–46
Dakota Sioux uprising, 136
Dakota Territory, 188
Davis, Erik, 232, 233
Davis, Stanford L., 147
Dawes Act (1887), 11, 157–61, 189
Declaration of Independence, 50, 76
decolonization: in civil rights era, 175; and future of United States, 229; and immigrants, 13; of “Indian Country,” 57; siege of Wounded Knee and, 186, 191; of South and Central America, 17; in twentieth century, 202; worldwide, 7
Deganawidah-Quetzalcoatl (D-Q) University, 184
Delaware Nation, 72–74
Deloria, Ella, 153
Deloria, Philip, 156, 157
Deloria, Vine, Jr., 152, 184, 211
democracy: and genocide, 108; imperialist, 108; Indigenous concept of, 5; Jacksonian, 107–10, 117, 253n26; multicultural and multiracial, 218, 229; and origin narrative, 12; populist, 107; settler, 103
Dempsey, Martin, 222
Denevan, William M., 40–41, 46
depopulation, 39–42
deportation: in French and Indian War, 67; of indigenous peoples, 225–26; in “Operation Wetback,” 176; from Southeast, 113–14
descendants, innocence of, 229
desert land claim, 141
Dewey, George, 164
Dimock, Wai-chee, 105–6
Diné Nation. See Navajo (Diné) Nation
disease, 39–42
Dobyns, Henry, 41
Doctrine of Discovery, 197–217; and Daniel Boone, 106; and colonialism, 199–201; Columbus and, 3–4, 42; contradictions in, 201–2; and economic self-determination, 208–10; and Indigenous governance, 215–17; and land claims, 205–8; and narrative of dysfunction, 211–14; and self-determination, 202–5
Downing, Lewis, 168–69
D-Q (Deganawidah-Quetzalcoatl) University, 184
Dragging Canoe, 89
Drayton, William Henry, 75
An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States Page 33
