by David Nasaw
12. JPK, diary, Aug. 31, 1939, box 100; JPK, “DM,” 33:12–14, JPKP; JPK, Jr., diary Aug. 21, 1939, Smith, 355–56.
13. JPK, diary, Aug. 30, 1939, box 100; JPK, “DM,” 33:14–15, JPKP.
14. JPK to SS, Aug. 31, FRUS, 1939, 1:397–98.
15. JPK, diary, Aug. 31, 1939, box 100; “DM,” 33:16–17, JPKP; Sidney Aster, 1939: The Making of the Second World War (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1974), 371.
16. Luella Hennessey-Donovan, oral history, Sept. 25, 1991, JFKOHP.
17. JPK, diary, Sept. 3, 1939, box 100, JPKP.
18. Chamberlain, Sept. 3, 1939, http://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/gb2.asp.
19. JPK, diary, Sept. 3, 1939, box 100, JPKP.
TWENTY-ONE: THE LIVES OF AMERICANS ARE AT STAKE
1. JPK, “DM,” 34:4, JPKP; JPK to SS, Sept. 3, FRUS, 1939, 1:595–96.
2. JPK to Hull, Sept. 8, 1939, Smith, HTF, 370–71.
3. Long, diaries, Sept. 7, 1939, box 5, Long.
4. JKS to JPK, Oct. 3, 1939, box 2, JPKP.
5. JPK to REFK, Sept. 18, 1939, Smith, HTF, 379–80.
6. Morgenthau, diaries, transcript of telephone conversation, Welles and Morgenthau, Sept. 7, 1939, vol. 209, 43, Morgenthau.
7. Morgenthau, diaries, transcript of telephone conversation, Morgenthau and JPK, Sept. 11, 1939, vol. 210, 228, Morgenthau.
8. JPK to FDR, Sept. 10, 1939, Smith, HTF, 372–74.
9. JPK to Hull and FDR, Sept. 11, 1939, in Smith, HTF, 374–76.
10. SS to JPK, Sept. 11, FRUS, 1939, 1:424.
11. James Farley, Jim Farley’s Story (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1948), 198–99.
12. Winston Churchill, The Gathering Storm (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1948), 440–41.
13. JPK, diary, Oct. 5, 1939, box 100, JPKP.
14. JPK, diary, Oct. 6, 1939, box 100, JPKP.
15. JPK, diary, Sept. 17, 1939, box 100, JPKP.
16. JPK to SS, Sept. 18, FRUS, 1939, I:439–40.
17. JPK to FDR, three letters, Sept. 30, 1939, PSF 37, FDRL.
18. JPK to LeHand, Oct. 3, 1939, LeHand.
19. Halifax to Lothian, Oct. 31, 1939, FO 371/22830, NAUK.
20. All comments above, from FO 371/22827, NAUK.
21. Peake to Cadogan, Oct. 12, 1939, FO 371/22827, NAUK.
22. The Diplomatic Diaries of Oliver Harvey, 1937–1940, ed. John Harvey (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1970), 326.
23. JPK to REFK, Oct. 2, 1939, Smith, HTF, 391–92.
24. JPK to Carter, Nov. 3, 1939, box 104; JPK to Ford, Oct. 26, 1939, box 107, JPKP.
25. JPK to Reisman, Oct. 3, 1939, box 115, JPKP.
26. JPK to Ford, Oct. 26, 1939, box 107, JPKP.
27. Reisman to JPK, Nov. 13, 1939, w.b. 30, JPKP.
28. JPK to Hays, Nov. 12, 1939, Smith, HTF, 400; JPK to Cohn, Nov. 17, 1939, Smith, HTF, 400–401.
29. JPK to Goldsmith, Nov. 3, 1939, box 108, JPKP.
30. JPK to Fisher, Oct. 23, 1939, Smith, HTF, 396–97.
31. JPK to REFK, Oct. 23, 1939, in author’s possession.
32. JPK to REFK, Oct. 11, 1939, Smith, HTF, 393–94.
33. KKH to JPK, Sept. 26, 1939; EKS to JPK, Nov. 20, n.d; JKS to JPK, n.d., box 2, JPKP.
34. JPK to PKL, Nov. 3, 1939, box 55, REFKP.
35. JPK to Burns, Nov. 17, 1939, w.b. 32, JPKP.
36. REFK to JPK, Oct. 6, 10, 1939, box 2, JPKP; JPK to REFK, Oct. 11, 1939, Smith, HTF, 393–94.
37. REFK, TTR, 137; JPK to REFK, Oct. 11, 1939, Smith, HTF, 393–94.
38. EMK, TC, 26.
39. JPK to REFK, Oct. 11, 1939, Smith, HTF, 393–94.
40. JPK to REFK, Nov. 13, 1939, in author’s possession.
TWENTY-TWO: DEFEATIST
1. Chips: The Diaries of Sir Henry Channon, ed. Robert Rhodes James (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1989), 225; NA to Lothian, Nov. 27, 1939, Astor.
2. Cabinet minutes, Dec. 11, 1939, CAB 65/50, NAUK.
3. WP, Dec. 7, 1939; CDT, Dec. 8, 1939.
4. JPK, diary, Dec. 10, 1939, Smith, HTF, 404–6.
5. Ickes, diary, Dec. 10, 1939, Ickes.
6. Moffat, Dec. 8, 1939, Moffat.
7. Minute, Mar. 18, 1940, FO 371/24251, NAUK.
8. Cabinet minutes, Jan 18–25, 1940, in FO 371/24251; cabinet minutes, Jan. 26, 1940, CAB 65/56, NAUK.
9. London Times, Dec. 12, 1939, in FO 371/22827, NAUK.
10. Jordan to FDR, Dec. 13, 1939, PPF 207, FDRL.
11. Alsop and Kintner, AC, Dec. 19, 1939.
12. JPK to REFK, Mar. 14, 1940, Smith, HTF, 406–8; JPKP, “DM,” 30:1, JPK; CBL, Mar. 4, 5, “Diaries, 1939–40,” box 56, CBLP.
13. JPK to REFK, Mar. 14, 1940, Smith, HTF, 406–8.
14. Von Hofmannsthal to CLB, Mar. 27, 1940, box 96, CBLP.
15. Minute, Mar. 3, 1940, FO 371/24251, NAUK.
16. JPK to REFK, Mar. 14, 1940, Smith, HTF, 408.
17. Hull, Memoirs, 1:740.
18. JPK to REFK, Mar. 20, 1938, Smith, HTF, 410–11.
19. REFK to JPK, Mar. 31, 1940, box 2, JPKP.
20. JKS to JPK, Mar. 25, 1940, box 2, JPKP.
21. JPK, Jr., to JPK, Mar. 17, 1940, Smith, HTF, 410.
22. JFK to JPK, n.d., Smith, HTF, 417–18.
23. JPK to JFK, May 20, 1940, Smith, HTF, 433–35.
24. JPK to McAdoo, Mar. 31, 1940, box 136, JPKP; CBL, Apr. 2, 3, 1940, “Diaries, 1939–1940,” box 56, CBLP; JPK to REFK, Apr. 5, 1940, Smith, HTF, 413–15.
25. JPK to REFK, Apr. 5, 1940, two letters, Smith, HTF, 413–15.
26. JPK, diary, Apr. 9, 1940, box 100; “DM,” 42:4, JPKP; Churchill, http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1940/apr/11/the-war-at-sea#S5CV0359P0_19400411_HOC_320.
27. JPK to FDR, Apr. 11, 1940, OF 229, FDRL.
28. Morgenthau, diaries, Apr. 29, 1940, vol. 258, Morgenthau.
29. JPK to REFK, Apr. 16, 1940, in author’s possession.
30. Halifax, diary, Apr. 25, 1940, Halifax.
31. JPK to Welles, May 8, 1940, RG 59, NAUS.
32. JPK, diary, May 10, 1940, Smith, HTF, 423–24; transcript of telephone calls, May 10, 1940, Hull.
33. Max Hastings, Winston’s War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2010), 22.
34. Assorted cables between SS and JPK, May 15–June 26, FRUS, 1940, 2:91–133.
35. JPK, diary, May 15, 1940, Smith, HTF, 425–26.
36. JPK to SS, May 15, FRUS, 1940, 1: 29–30.
37. NYT, May 17, 1940.
38. SS to JPK, May 16, FRUS, 1940, 3:49–50.
39. Churchill to FDR, May 20, 1940, in Roosevelt and Churchill, ed. Francis L. Loewenheim et al. (New York: Dutton, 1975), 97.
40. Hull, Memoirs, 1:766.
TWENTY-THREE: THE FALL OF FRANCE
1. JPK, “DM,” 34:14–15, JPKP.
2. “Case of Anna Wolkoff, Tyler Kent, and Others,” May 21, 1940, KV2/840; “Transcript of Interrogation of Kent,” May 20, 1940, KV2/543, NAUK.
3. Warren Kimball and Bruce Bartlett, “Roosevelt and Prewar Commitments to Churchill: The Tyler Kent Affair,” Diplomatic History (October 1981): 300.
4. JPK to Hull, May 20, 1940, RG 84, NAUS, in Ray Bearse and Anthony Read, Conspirator: The Untold Story of Tyler Kent (New York: Doubleday, 1991), 160–61.
5. Long, diaries, May 22, June 6, 12, 1940, Long.
6. Long, diaries, June 24, 1940, Long.
7. JPK to Hull, May 24, 1940, RG 84, NAUS.
8. JPK to REFK, May 20, 1940, Smith, HTF, 432–33.
9. JPK to SS, May 27, FRUS, 1940, 1:233.
10. Ian Kershaw, Fateful Choices (New York: Penguin, 2008), 30–47.
11. Hull, Memoirs, 1:771–72.
12. JPK,
“DM,” 35:6–7, JPKP.
13. John Keegan, The Second World War (New York: Penguin, 1990), 80–81.
14. Churchill, June 4, 1940, http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1940/jun/04/war-situation#S5CV0361P0_19400604_HOC_231.
15. JPK, “DM,” 35:18, JPKP.
16. JPK to JPK, Jr., June 6, 1940, box 2, JPKP.
17. JPK to Fisher, June 6, 1940, box 106, JPKP.
18. JPK to REFK, June 7, 1940, box 2, JPKP.
19. JPK, diary, June 13, 1940, Smith, HTF, 439–40.
20. Bullitt to SS, June 10, FRUS, 1940, 1:245–46; SS to First Secretary of Embassy in France, June 13, FRUS, 1940, 1:247–48.
21. JPK, diary, June 14, 1940, Smith, HTF, 440–43; War Cabinet minutes, June 13, 1940, CAB/65/7/60, NAUK.
22. JPK, diary, June 14, 1940, Smith, HTF, 440–43.
23. JPK to SS, June 14, FRUS, 1940, 1:248–49.
24. JPK, diary, June 14, 1940, Smith, HTF, 443; SS to JPK, June 13, FRUS, 1940, 1:250.
25. JPK, diary, June 14, 1940, Smith, HTF, 443.
26. JPK, diary, June 15, 16, 1940, box 100, JPKP.
27. JPK, “DM,” 36:40, JPKP.
TWENTY-FOUR: THE WORST OF TIMES
1. REFK to JPK, July 27, 1940, box 2; assorted letters from children to JPK, box 2, JPKP.
2. JPK to JKS, Aug. 2, 1940, box 2, JPKP.
3. Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan, 308; Halifax, diary, July 9, 1940, Halifax.
4. Winston Churchill, Their Finest Hour (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1949), 24; FDR, Charlottesville speech, June 10, 1940, http://millercenter.org/president/speeches/detail/3317.
5. JPK to Hull, July 12, 1940, two cables, box 176, JPKP; Welles to FDR, July 12, 1940, PSF 62 FDRL; JPK to Hull, July 13, 1940, box 176, JPKP.
6. FDR to Knox, July 13, 1940, PSF 62, FDRL.
7. The London Journal of General Raymond E. Lee, ed. James Leutze (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1971), 27–28.
8. JPK to Hull, Aug. 2, 1940, 700.0001, RG 59, NAUS.
9. JPK, diary, Aug. 1, 1940, Smith, HTF, 452–53.
10. JPK to children, Aug. 2, 1940; EKS to JPK, n.d., box 2, JPKP.
11. JPK to REFK, Aug. 2, 1940, Smith, HTF, 454–57; JPK to Davies, Aug. 2, 1940, box 105; JPK to CBL, Aug. 2, 1940, box 96, CBLP.
12. Balfour minutes, May 23, 1940, FO 371/24251, NAUK; JPK to REFK, Aug. 2, 1940, Smith, HTF, 454–57.
13. JPK to REFK, Aug. 2, 1940, Smith, HTF, 454–55.
14. JPK to Hull, Aug. 7, 1940, box 176, JPKP.
15. JPK to Hull, Aug. 8, 1940, box 176, JPKP.
16. JPK to SS, July 31, 1940, FRUS, 1940, 3:57–58; Churchill, Their Finest Hour, 401–3.
17. FDR, memorandum, Aug. 2, 1940, FRUS, 1940, 3:58.
18. Churchill to Lothian, Aug. 7, 1940, in Churchill, Their Finest Hour, 405–6.
19. JPK, diary, Aug. 14, 1940, Smith, HTF, 460–61.
20. Leutze, ed., London Journal of General Raymond E. Lee, 36; JPK, diary, Aug. 15, 16, 1940, box 100, JPKP.
21. Perrone, Sept. 3, 1940, FO 371/24251, NAUK.
22. JPK, diary, handwritten entry, Aug. 15, 1940, box 100, JPKP.
23. JPK, diary, handwritten and typed entries, Aug. 15, 1940, box 100, JPKP.
24. Halifax, diary, Aug. 29, 1940, Halifax.
25. CBL to JPK, Aug. 26, 1940, box 96, CBLP.
26. JPK, diary, Aug. 23, 1940, box 100, JPKP.
27. JPK to FDR, Aug. 27, 1940, Smith, HTF, 463.
28. FDR to JPK, Aug. 28, 1940, PSF 62, Navy (Destroyers-Bases), FDRL.
29. JPK, diary, Sept 2, 1940, box 100, JPKP.
TWENTY-FIVE: THERE’S HELL TO PAY TONIGHT
1. JPK, diary, Sept. 6, 1940, box 100, JPKP.
2. London Journal of General Raymond E. Lee, 47.
3. Royal Air Force, “Battle of Britain Campaign Diaries,” Sept. 7, 1940, http://www.raf.mod.uk/history/campaign_diaries.cfm?diarymonth=9&diaryyear=1940&diaryday-7.
4. Philip Ziegler, London at War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995), 113–16.
5. Klemmer, in Whitehead et al., The Kennedys.
6. JPK to REFK, Sept. 10, 1940, Smith, HTF, 466–67.
7. JPK to JFK, Sept. 10, 1940, Smith, HTF, 468–69.
8. JPK to RFK, Sept. 11, 1940, Smith, HTF, 469–70.
9. JPK to EMK, Sept. 11, 1940, Smith, HTF, 470–71.
10. JPK to Burns, Sept. 11, 1940, Burns to JPK, Sept. 18, 1940, box 103, JPKP.
11. JPK to JPK, Jr., Sept. 10, 1940, box 2, JPKP.
12. JPK to Hull, Sept. 11, 1940, 740.0011, RG 59, NAUS.
13. JPK, diary, Sept. 15, 1940, box 100, JPKP.
14. JPK to Welles, Sept. 16, 1940, box 176, JPKP.
15. JPK to SS, Sept. 27, FRUS, 1940, 3:48–49.
16. JPK to LeHand, Sept. 30, 1940, box 111; JPK to REFK, Sept. 30, 1940, box 2, JPKP.
17. LAT, Oct. 5, 1940.
18. Alsop and Kintner, AC, Oct. 8, 1940.
19. JPK, diary, Oct. 11, 1940, box 100, JPKP; Krock, private memorandum, Dec. 1, 1940, box 37, folder 2, Sulzberger.
20. Long, diaries, Oct. 11, 1940, Long.
21. FDR to JPK, Oct. 17, 1940, Smith, HTF, 475.
22. JPK, diary, Oct. 11, 1940, box 100, JPKP. Minutes, Oct. 10, 1940, FO 371/24251, NAUK.
23. Halifax, diary, Oct. 17, 1940, Halifax.
24. JPK, diary, Oct. 15, 1940,box 100, JPKP.
25. JPK, diary, Oct. 16, 18, 1940, box 100, JPKP.
26. JPK, diary, Oct. 19, 1940, box 100; JPK to Chamberlain, Oct. 22, 1940, box 104, JPKP.
TWENTY-SIX: HOME AGAIN
1. CBL to JPK, Oct. 21, 1940, box 103, CBLP; JPK, diary, “Account of Ambassador’s Trip,” Smith, HTF, 478–79.
2. Edwin M. Watson, “Memorandum for the President,” Oct. 25, 1940; Lauchlin Currie, “Memorandum for Miss LeHand,” Oct. 25, 1940, PSF 37, FDRL.
3. FDR to JPK, Oct. 25, 1940, Smith, HTF, 479; JPK, diary, “Account of Ambassador’s trip,” Smith, HTF, 478–79.
4. NYT, Oct. 28, 1940; British Pathé newsreel, Nov. 21, 1940.
5. JPK, diary, “Account of Ambassador’s Trip,” Smith, HTF, 478–79; Krock, Memoirs, 334–35; Brian Burns to author, Apr. 22, 2010.
6. JPK, diary, Nov. 4, 1940, Smith, HTF, 491.
7. JPK, diary, n.d., Smith, HTF, 480–82; REFK, diary, “Visit to Washington,” Oct. 29, 1940, box 3, REFKP; Frank Murphy, diary notes, Nov. 2, 1941, Gressman.
8. JPK, diary, n.d., Smith, HTF, 480–82; REFK, diary, “Visit to Washington,” Oct. 29, 1940, REFKP.
9. CBL to JPK, Oct. 28, 1940, in JPK, diary, box 100, JPKP.
10. JPK, radio address, Oct. 29, 1940, Smith, HTF, 482–89.
11. FDR to JPK, Oct. 29; JFK to JPK, Oct. 30, 1940, Smith, HTF, 489.
12. KKH to JPK, Oct. 31, 1940, box 2, JPKP.
13. Murphy, diary notes, Nov. 2, 1940, box 1, Gressman.
14. Long, diaries, Nov. 6, 1940, box 5, Long.
15. Lyons to JPK, Nov. 8, 1940, box 111, JPKP.
16. Lyons, BSC, Nov. 10, 1940.
17. Joseph F. Dinneen, The Kennedy Family (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1959), 84.
18. NYT, Nov. 12, 1940; Krock to JPK, Nov. 12, 1940, box 31, Krock.
19. Alsop and Kintner, HC, Nov. 12, 1940.
20. JPK to Beaverbrook, Nov. 13, 1940, d/400, Beaverbrook.
21. LAT, Nov. 30, 1940.
22. Unsigned memorandums to Alsop and Kintner, box 33, Alsop.
23. Fairbanks to FDR, Nov. 19, 1940, PSF 37, FDRL.
24. David Welky, The Moguls and the Dictators (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), 201–2.
25. Cleugh, memorandum, Nov. 22, 1940, FO 371/339, NAUK; Fairbanks, Jr., to FDR, Nov. 19, 1940, PSF 37,
FDRL; unsigned memorandum to Alsop and Kintner, box 33, Alsop.
26. Balderston to Bell, telegram and letter, Nov. 18, 1940, box 30; “Dinner Meeting Agenda,” Nov. 20, 1940, box 50, FFF.
27. Herbert Hoover, memorandum, Nov. 22, 1940, box 110, HHLPPI.
28. Lindbergh, Wartime Journals of Charles A. Lindbergh, 419–21.
29. JPK, “DM,” 52:4–6, JPKP.
30. JPK, diary, Nov. 30, Dec. 1, 1940, Smith, HTF, 494–97; CDT, Dec. 2, 1940.
TWENTY-SEVEN: THE MAN WHO OUT-HAMLETED HAMLET
1. Ickes, diary, Dec. 1, 1940, Ickes.
2. Alsop and Kintner, WP, Dec. 5, 1940.
3. Wood to JPK, Dec. 11, 1940, Wood; JPK to Wood, Dec. 11, 14, 1940, box 237, JPKP.
4. WP, Dec. 15, 1940; LAT, Dec. 16, 1940.
5. Butler, Jan. 2, 1941, PRED 3/133/1, NAUK.
6. JPK, diary, Dec. 14–18, 1940, box 100, JPKP.
7. JPK, diary, Nov. 4, 1940, Smith, HTF, 491; Sidney Fine, Frank Murphy: The Washington Years (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1984), 221–22, 229–31; JPK, diary, Nov. 30, 1940, Smith, HTF, 494–95; Murphy, diary notes, box 1, Gressman.
8. JPK, diary, Dec. 16, 1940, box 100, JPKP.
9. Long, diaries, Dec. 16, 1940, Long.
10. JPK to Burns, Dec. 19, 1940, box 141; JPK to Murphy, Dec. 27, 1940, box 144, JPKP.
11. David Wyman, The Abandonment of the Jews (New York: Pantheon Books, 1984), 124–25.
12. FDR, press conference, Dec. 17, 1940, vol. 16, 360–65, FDRL.
13. FDR, Dec. 29, 1940, http://docs.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/122940.html.
14. Stuart to Hufty, Jan. 4, 1941, box 64, America First.
15. Hufty to Stuart, Jan. 7, 1941, box 7, America First.
16. JPK to C. Fitzgerald, Jan. 2, 1941, box 220, JPKP.
17. JPK, diary, Jan. 21, 1941, Smith, HTF, 524–29; Ickes, diary, Jan. 19, 1941, Ickes.
18. LAT, Jan. 17, 1941.
19. JFK to JPK, Dec. 6, 1940, Smith, HTF, 498–506.
20. JPK, radio address, Jan. 18, 1941, box 253, JPKP.
21. Ickes, diary, Jan. 19, 1941, Ickes; NYT, Jan. 19, 1941.
22. RFK to REFK, [Jan. 19, 1940], box 2, JPKP.
23. Trohan to Maloney, Nov. 17, no year, box 45, I-60 Robert R. McCormick: Business Correspondence, 1927–1965, McCormick.
24. U.S. Congress, Lend-Lease Bill: Hearings Before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Seventy-seventh Congress, First Session (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1941), 231.
