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A Brief Discographical Note
YOU REALLY CAN’T GO TOO FAR WRONG with Sam Cooke. All but his very worst records have something redeeming about them, if only the grace of that inimitable voice. But there is a core of material that can serve as an introduction to his work and that will hopefully lead the listener not just to additional Sam Cooke albums but to the wealth of gospel, pop, and r&b music that not only served as his inspiration but continues to be inspired by him.
Virtually all of Sam’s gospel recordings with the Soul Stirrers are presented in a meticulously remastered three-CD set, Sam Cooke with the Soul Stirrers (Specialty 4437), which also includes his first pop sides, recorded under the name of Dale Cook in December 1956. There are two other Soul Stirrers CDs worth seeking out for the alternate takes (Jesus Gave Me Water and The Last Mile of the Way, Specialty 7031 and 7052), but the one other gospel album that is absolutely essential is The Great 1955 Shrine Concert (Specialty 7045), the live program that includes Sam’s epic “Nearer to Thee” while also featuring the work of Brother Joe May, Dorothy Love Coates and the Gospel Harmonettes, the Caravans, and the Pilgrim Travelers, among others. You can get the Stirrers’ part of the program on the three-CD set, but you owe it to yourself to absorb the full flavor of the program on this stand-alone album.
For an overview of Sam’s career, from his gospel beginnings through “A Change Is Gonna Come,” nothing can compare to Portrait of a Legend (ABKCO 92642), which, like the earlier (and now out-of-print) Sam Cooke: The Man and His Music, serves as a guide to Sam at his very best. It has nearly all the hits, and while every listener is bound to miss one or two personal favorites, the sound is a revelation and brings to life some of the most familiar numbers in ways that they may not have been heard since their first release.
Keep Movin’ On (ABKCO 95632) focuses on Sam’s recordings over the last year and a half of his life, and, while there are, inevitably, duplications with Portrait of a Legend, there are more than enough rediscoveries and surprises (including the never previously issued title track) as well as intimations of the diverse directions in which Sam’s music was continuing to evolve. From my perspective “(Somebody) Ease My Troublin’ Mind,” Harold Battiste’s “Falling in Love,” and “There’ll Be No Second Time,” a rare Clif White composition, would alone be worth the price of admission, but there are in all fourteen tracks not included on the Legend CD.
Sam Cooke at the Copa (ABKCO 99702) is a portrait of a moment in time, and while Sam’s supperclub act has never been the side that most appealed to me, with its new, vastly improved sound, this 2003 CD reissue suggests some of the rhythmic drive that accompanied even Sam’s most innocuous, crowd-pleasing music. This was certainly the first time that I was ever able to hear the churning interaction between Clif White’s and Bobby Womack’s guitars, and, if nothing else, the album offers not just a snapshot of Sam’s well-thought-out approach to a new audience and a new phase of his career but a rare opportunity to catch a set by his working band.
I’ve got to admit to some conflict of interest here. I wrote the liner notes for each of the last three albums, as I did for Sam Cooke’s SAR Records Story (ABKCO 2231), the incomparable two-CD (one pop, one gospel) document of Sam and J.W. Alexander’s record label, which incorporates demos by Sam and some of the Valentinos’, the Sims Twins’, Johnnie Taylor’s, Johnnie Morisette’s, and L.C. Cooke’s best secular work, along with a full CD by the Soul Stirrers, R.H. Harris and the Gospel Paraders, and the Womack Brothers. An added bonus is having the chance to listen to Sam produce some of the sessions as he prods singers and musicians with precise, enthusiastic, and infectious direction.
Two other essential albums have recently been rereleased by Sony/BMG with the same kind of improved sound as Sam’s three ABKCO releases. Night Beat (RCA/Sony BMG Legacy 828 766 9551), remastered once again at Bob Ludwig’s Gateway studio, is the beautifully realized late-night blues album that Sam conceived of as a tribute to Charles Brown. Sam Cooke Live at the Harlem Square Club, 1963 (RCA/Sony BMG Legacy 828 766 9552) is almost the exact opposite, except in the careful calibration of its effects. Completely remixed and remastered, it is raw, high-energy music punctuated by Sam’s hoarse imprecations, King Curtis’ saxophone, and the audience’s uninhibited response. It is very much of a secular follow-up, a worthy follow-up, to Sam’s contributions to The Great 1955 Shrine Concert and offers a unique glimpse of the every-night-of-the-week good times and good feeling of his show. And yes, I wrote the liner notes for both, the first in 1984.
Without getting into all the great gospel and r&b that preceded, accompanied, and followed Sam throughout his career, let me at least recommend the five-CD Specialty Story (Specialty 4412), which provides a slice of the r&b revolution that directly precipitated Sam into pop, with great tracks by Percy Mayfield, Lloyd Price, Guitar Slim, and Little Richard, among many others, along with a smattering of gospel and a genuine sense of the aesthetic that Art Rupe developed over a glorious ten-year run.
Anyone interested in seeing Sam in action should pick up the DVD Sam Cooke Legend (ABKCO 1004). Again, I’ve got to admit to a conflict of interest because of my involvement in the project, but it includes wonderful performance footage, from Sam’s first, truncated appeara
nce on The Ed Sullivan Show in 1957 to his September 1964 Shindig! booking, that historic moment when Cassius Clay called Sam into the ring, and a rare interview-and-song segment by Sam and Muhammad Ali, as well as extras that feature interview material by Aretha Franklin, Bobby Womack, Lou Rawls, and L.C. Cooke, among others.
There are so many other related albums and documentaries that I could recommend (including the indispensable civil rights documentary Eyes on the Prize and the BBC‘s Too Close to Heaven: The Story of Gospel Music), but I think I’ll leave it there.
My one hope is to someday be able to put together an album that I conceive of as The Unknown Sam Cooke. This would include the one extant track from his original August 1956 pop session (with just a rehearsal pianist for accompaniment), several unissued tracks from his December 1956 session in New Orleans that I think far surpass the issued ones, early (1959) demos of his own songs for Kags, and some of the wonderfully loose, unissued cuts that Sam recorded at various SAR sessions over the years.
But that will have to wait for another day. For now there is plenty to listen to!
Acknowledgments
IN WRITING A BOOK over so long a period, and in thinking about it even longer, one incurs debts that one can never repay. Literally hundreds of people have helped me with my research and my interviews, and I thank them all. The following are just some of the people who gave me a hand over the weeks, months, and years:
Lynn Abbott, Ace Records, Lou Adler, Dick Alen, J.W. Alexander, Wynne Alexander, Hoss Allen, Herb Alpert, Andy Ambrose, Wally Amos, Angel, Don Arden, Mark Arevalo, Larry Auerbach, Bill Austin, Chuck Badie, Pat Baird, Hank Ballard, Todd R. Baptista, Jeff Barry, Harold Battiste, Howell Begle, William Bell, Bill Belmont, Ray Benson, Cornelia Lee Berry, Scott Billington, Bar Biszick, Keith and Pam Bolling, Julian Bond, Ed Boyer, Taylor Branch, Jerry Brandt, Robin Bratter, Doug Brinkley, Lonnie Brooks, John Broven, Diane Brown, Gatemouth Brown, Del Bryant, Solomon Burke, Rev. Jimmy “Early” Byrd, Trevor Cajiao, Dwight Cameron, Louis Cantor, Paul Cantor, Gary Cape, Elston Carr, Howard Carroll, Mel Carter, Ray Charles, Dick Clark, Jack Clement, Bob Cochran, Nadine Cohodas, Jim Cole, Ray Coleman, Rick Coleman, Alisa Coleman-Ritz, Stuart Colman, Agnes Cook-Hoskins and her husband, Joe, Rev. Charles Cook, Charles Cook Jr., David Cook, Hattie Cook-Woods, Barbara Campbell Cooke, L.C. Cooke and his wife, Rev. Marjorie, Linda Cooke, Dan Cooper, Peter Cooper, Creadell Copeland, Lee Cotten, Tommy Couch, Don Covay, Luigi Creatore, Barbara Crissman, LeRoy Crume, Chick Crumpacker, B.B. Davis, Billy Davis, Jim Dawson, Paul DeBarros, Francesco De Leonardis, Walter DeVennes, Joan Dew, Mitch Diamond, Scott Dirks, Rex Doan, Tony Douglas, Charles Driebe, Don Drowty, Cornell Dupree, Ronny Elliott, Ahmet Ertegun, Colin Escott, Simon Evans (Man in Japan Collection), Phil Everly, Ernie Farrell, Luciano Federighi, Art Fein, Dennis Ferrante, Johnny Fields, Bill Flanagan, Bruce Flett, Clarence Fountain, Kim Fowley, Art Foxall, Carol Fran, Aretha Franklin, Jeff Frederick, Jim Fricke, Gil Friesen, Ray Funk, Grady Gaines, Ceil Gallagher, June Gardner, Galen Gart, Gregg Geller, Larry Geller, Peter Gibbon, Lex Gillespie, Jeff Gold, Robert Gordon, Gorgeous George, Michael Gray, Milton Grayson, Pete Grendysa, Guitar Shorty, Jenessa Gursky, Taylor Hackford, Mark Hagen, Dawn Haggerty, Roy and Maria Hamilton Jr., Rosemary Hanes, Jet Harris, R.H. Harris, Tony Harris, Wil Haygood, Tony Heilbut, Lee Hildebrand, Dave Hoekstra, Harvey Holiday, Pete Howard, Peter J. Howard, Bones Howe, Dick “Huggy Boy” Hugg, Cilla Huggins, Buzzy Jackson, Chuck Jackson, John Jackson, Jim Jaworowicz, Mable John, Jimmy Johnson, Plas Johnson, Ray Johnson, Jeff Jones, Marvin Jones, Peter Jones, Ernst Jorgensen, Chuck Kaplan, David Kapralik, Clark Kauffman, Ernie K-Doe, Bob Keane, Emily Kelley, Dred Scott Keyes, Johnny Keyes, Marc Kidel, Merle Kilgore, Carolyn Brown Killen, B.B. King, Earl King, Edith King, George Klein, Robin Klein, Jurgen Koop, Glenn Korman, Howard Kramer, Eric Kuhlberg, David Kunian, Art Laboe, Teri Landi, Joe Lauro, Eric LeBlanc, Beverly Lee, Dickey Lee, Alan Leeds, Malcolm Leo, Colin Levert, Andria Lisle, Leon Litwack, Beverly Campbell Lopez, Kip Lornell, Lotsa Poppa (Julius High), Michael Lydon, Magnificent Montague, Waldo Martin, Cosimo Matassa, Phyllis McClure, John McDermott, Joe McEwen, Charlie McGovern, Earl McGrath, Larry McKinley, Ricky McKinnie, Jonny Meadow, Bill Millar, Rev. Dwight “Gatemouth” Moore, Idris Muhammad, Flo Murdock, Opal Louis Nations, Ford Nelson, Chris Nichols, Gene Norman, Michael Ochs, Andrew Loog Oldham, Horace Ott, Earl Palmer, Mick Patrick, Norma Jean Patton, Al Pavlow, Ian Pickstock, Randy Poe, Lee Poole, Steve Popovich, David Porter, David Potorti, Lloyd Price, Lithofayne Pridgon, Steve Propes, Betty and Beverly Prudhomme, Mark Pucci, Jess Rand, Bill Randle, Lou Rawls, Rodgers Redding, John Richbourg, John Ridley, Ginger Rieder, Bob Riesman, Shelley Ritter, David Ritz, Don Robertson, Bobby Robinson, Roscoe Robinson, Jackie Ross, Tony Rounce, Art Rupe, Jayne Rush, Simon Rutberg, Ken Salinsky, Nick Salvatore, Tony Salvatore, Ben Sandmel, Zelda Sands, David Sanjek, Rob Santos, Vicky Sarro, Jeff Scheftel, Tony Scherman, Al Schmitt, Tim Schuller, Delois Scott, Hammond and Nauman Scott, Zenas Sears, Joel Selvin, Doug Seroff, Val Shively, Dick Shurman, John Siamas Jr., the Simms Twins, Roy Simonds, Bob Simpson, John Simson, Louis Skorecki, Fred Smith, Andrew Solt, Rip Spencer, Joe Sperry, Nick Spitzer, Mavis Staples, Roger Steffens, Wolf Stephenson, Alva Stevenson, Pat Sullivan, Beverly Tatum, Ann Taylor, Dan Taylor, Rico Tee, Rev. Amos Terrell, Hank Thompson, Norman Thrasher, Johnny Thunder, Ray Topping, Allen Toussaint, Ed Townsend and Betsy Buchanan, Gus Treadwell, Sid Trusty, Billy Vera, Essie Wade, Gayle Wald, Phil Walden, Jeff Walker, Kate Walker, JoJo Wallace, Alton and Maggie Warwick, Dionne Warwick, David Washington, Jacquie Gales Webb, Harry Weinger, Steve Weiss, Jerry Wexler, Mary Wharton, Jesse Whitaker, Charles White, Cliff White, Clifton White, Skippy White, Cheri Wild, Tom Wilk, Dave Williams, Greg Williams, Val Wilmer, Ernest Withers, Peter Wolf, Bobby Womack, Cecil Womack, Curtis Womack, Carol Ann Woods, Georgie Woods, Marshall Wyatt, Claudia Wynn, and Jerry Zolten.
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